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Ehtesabi S, Richter M, Kupfer S, Gräfe S. Assessing plasmon-induced reactions by a combined quantum chemical-quantum/classical hybrid approach. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:15219-15229. [PMID: 39072363 PMCID: PMC11325215 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr02099e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Plasmon-driven reactions on metal nanoparticles feature rich and complex mechanistic contributions, involving a manifold of electronic states, near-field enhancement, and heat, among others. Although localized surface plasmon resonances are believed to initiate these reactions, the complex reactivity demands deeper exploration. This computational study investigates factors influencing chemical processes on plasmonic nanoparticles, exemplified by protonation of 4-mercaptopyridine (4-MPY) on silver nanoparticles. We examine the impact of molecular binding modes and molecule-molecule interactions on the nanoparticle's surface, near-field electromagnetic effects, and charge-transfer phenomena. Two proton sources were considered at ambient conditions, molecular hydrogen and water. Our findings reveal that the substrate's binding mode significantly affects not only the energy barriers governing the thermodynamics and kinetics of the reaction but also determine the directionality of light-driven charge-transfer at the 4-MPY-Ag interface, pivotal in the chemical contribution involved in the reaction mechanism. In addition, significant field enhancement surrounding the adsorbed molecule is observed (eletromagnetic contribution) which was found insufficient to modify the ground state thermodynamics. Instead, it initiates and amplifies light-driven charge-transfer and thus modulates the excited states' reactivity in the plasmonic-molecular hybrid system. This research elucidates protonation mechanisms on silver surfaces, highlighting the role of molecular-surface and molecule-molecule-surface orientation in plasmon-catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Ehtesabi
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Martin Richter
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Gräfe
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering, 07745 Jena, Germany
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2
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Huang Z, Beard MC. Dye-Sensitized Multiple Exciton Generation in Lead Sulfide Quantum Dots. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15855-15861. [PMID: 35981268 PMCID: PMC9437916 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiple exciton generation (MEG), the generation of multiple excitons from the absorption of a single high-energy photon, is a strategy to go beyond the limiting efficiencies that define current-day solar cells by harvesting some of the thermalization energy losses that occur when photons with an energy greater than the semiconductor bandgap are absorbed. In this work, we show that organic dyes can sensitize MEG in semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). In particular, we found that surface-anchored pyrene ligands enhanced the photon-to-charge carrier quantum yield of PbS QDs from 113 ± 3% to 183 ± 7% when the photon energy was 3.9 times the band gap. A wavelength dependence study shows that the enhancement is positively correlated with the pyrene absorptivity. Transient absorption and steady-state photoluminescence measurements suggest that the MEG sensitization is based on an initial fast electron transfer from the pyrene ligands to the PbS QDs producing hot-electrons in the QDs that subsequently undergo MEG. This work demonstrates that hybrid and synergistic organic/inorganic interactions can be a successful strategy to enhance MEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Huang
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Matthew C Beard
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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3
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Segalina A, Lebègue S, Rocca D, Piccinin S, Pastore M. Structure and Energetics of Dye-Sensitized NiO Interfaces in Water from Ab Initio MD and Large-Scale GW Calculations. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:5225-5238. [PMID: 34324810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The energy-level alignment across solvated molecule/semiconductor interfaces is a crucial property for the correct functioning of dye-sensitized photoelectrodes, where, following the absorption of solar light, a cascade of interfacial hole/electron transfer processes has to efficiently take place. In light of the difficulty of performing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements at the molecule/solvent/metal-oxide interface, being able to accurately predict the level alignment by first-principles calculations on realistic structural models would represent an important step toward the optimization of the device. In this respect, dye/NiO surfaces, employed in p-type dye-sensitized solar cells, are undoubtedly challenging for ab initio methods and, also for this reason, much less investigated than the n-type dye/TiO2 counterpart. Here, we consider the C343-sensitized NiO surface in water and combine ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations with GW (G0W0) calculations, performed along the MD trajectory to reliably describe the structure and energetics of the interface when explicit solvation and finite temperature effects are accounted for. We show that the differential perturbative correction on the NiO and molecule states obtained at the GW level is mandatory to recover the correct (physical) interfacial energetics, allowing hole transfer from the semiconductor valence band to the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the dye. Moreover, the calculated average driving force quantitatively agrees with the experimental estimate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alekos Segalina
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, LPCT, UMR 7019, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Sébastien Lebègue
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, LPCT, UMR 7019, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Dario Rocca
- Université de Lorraine & CNRS, LPCT, UMR 7019, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Simone Piccinin
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, 34136 Trieste, Italy
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4
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Ninova S, Malcıoğlu OB, Auburger P, Franke M, Lytken O, Steinrück HP, Bockstedte M. Morphology dependent interaction between Co(II)-tetraphenylporphyrin and the MgO(100) surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:2105-2116. [PMID: 33437981 PMCID: PMC8431532 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04859c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins are key elements in organic–inorganic hybrid systems for a wide range of applications. Understanding their interaction with the substrate gives a handle on structural and electronic device properties. Here we investigate a single transition-metal porphyrin, namely Co(ii)-tetraphenylporphyrin (CoTPP), on the MgO(100) surface and the effect of multilayer film formation within hybrid density-functional theory and many-body perturbation theory. We focus on the relevant adsorption sites, simulate their photoemission spectra as a key fingerprint and compare with experiments on MgO(100) films on Ag(100). While we find only weak interaction between the cobalt centre and terrace sites on the MgO(100) surface, a strong interaction manifests itself with the low-coordinated sites. This leads to distinct features in both the valence and core-level regions of the electronic structure, as observed in the ultraviolet and X-ray photoemission spectra, corroborated by simulated spectra and calculated cobalt core-level shifts. Our work thus demonstrates the relevance of morphology-related low-coordinated sites and their properties in the adsorption of CoTPP on the MgO(100) surface. The adsorption of Co-tetraphenylporphyrin at relevant low-coordinated sites on MgO(100) shows distinct features from terrace-site and multilayer films in the near-valence and corelevel regions of the electronic structure.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Silviya Ninova
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Str. 2a, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Osman Barış Malcıoğlu
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Str. 2a, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Philipp Auburger
- Theoretische Festkörperphysik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7B2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Franke
- Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ole Lytken
- Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michel Bockstedte
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Str. 2a, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria. .,Theoretische Festkörperphysik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7B2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Institut für Theoretische Physik, Johannes-Kepler-Universität Linz, Altenberger Str. 68, A-4040 Linz, Austria
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5
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Li S, Zhong C, Henning A, Sangwan VK, Zhou Q, Liu X, Rahn MS, Wells SA, Park HY, Luxa J, Sofer Z, Facchetti A, Darancet P, Marks TJ, Lauhon LJ, Weiss EA, Hersam MC. Molecular-Scale Characterization of Photoinduced Charge Separation in Mixed-Dimensional InSe-Organic van der Waals Heterostructures. ACS NANO 2020; 14:3509-3518. [PMID: 32078300 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Layered indium selenide (InSe) is an emerging two-dimensional semiconductor that has shown significant promise for high-performance transistors and photodetectors. The range of optoelectronic applications for InSe can potentially be broadened by forming mixed-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures with zero-dimensional molecular systems that are widely employed in organic electronics and photovoltaics. Here, we report the spatially resolved investigation of photoinduced charge separation between InSe and two molecules (C70 and C8-BTBT) using scanning tunneling microscopy combined with laser illumination. We experimentally and computationally show that InSe forms type-II and type-I heterojunctions with C70 and C8-BTBT, respectively, due to an interplay of charge transfer and dielectric screening at the interface. Laser-excited scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveals a ∼0.25 eV decrease in the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of C70 with optical illumination. Furthermore, photoluminescence spectroscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy indicate that electron transfer from InSe to C70 in the type-II heterojunction induces a photovoltage that quantitatively matches the observed downshift in the tunneling spectra. In contrast, no significant changes are observed upon optical illumination in the type-I heterojunction formed between InSe and C8-BTBT. Density functional theory calculations further show that, despite the weak coupling between the molecular species and InSe, the band alignment of these mixed-dimensional heterostructures strongly differs from the one suggested by the ionization potential and electronic affinities of the isolated components. Self-energy-corrected density functional theory indicates that these effects are the result of the combination of charge redistribution at the interface and heterogeneous dielectric screening of the electron-electron interactions in the heterostructure. In addition to providing specific insight for mixed-dimensional InSe-organic van der Waals heterostructures, this work establishes a general experimental methodology for studying localized charge transfer at the molecular scale that is applicable to other photoactive nanoscale systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3108, United States
| | - Chengmei Zhong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3108, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Alex Henning
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3108, United States
| | - Vinod K Sangwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3108, United States
| | - Qunfei Zhou
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Northwestern Argonne Institute for Science and Engineering, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Matthew S Rahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3108, United States
| | - Spencer A Wells
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3108, United States
| | - Hong Youl Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3108, United States
| | - Jan Luxa
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Pierre Darancet
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Northwestern Argonne Institute for Science and Engineering, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Lincoln J Lauhon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3108, United States
| | - Emily A Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3108, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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6
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Iyer A, Kearney K, Ertekin E. Computational Approaches to Photoelectrode Design through Molecular Functionalization for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:1858-1871. [PMID: 30693653 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical water splitting is a promising carbon-free approach to produce hydrogen from water. A photoelectrochemical cell consists of a semiconductor photoelectrode in contact with an aqueous electrolyte. Its performance is sensitive to properties of the photoelectrode/electrolyte interface, which may be tuned through functionalization of the photoelectrode surface with organic molecules. This can lead to improvements in the photoelectrode's properties. This Minireview summarizes key computational investigations on using molecular functionalization to modify photoelectrode stability, barrier height, and catalytic activity. It is discussed how first-principles density functional theory, first-principles molecular dynamics, and device modeling simulations can provide predictive insights and complement experimental investigations of functionalized photoelectrodes. Challenges and future directions in the computational modeling of functionalized photoelectrode/electrolyte interfaces within the context of experimental studies are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwathi Iyer
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 W Green Street, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- International Institute of Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Kara Kearney
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W Green Street, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- International Institute of Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Elif Ertekin
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W Green Street, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
- International Institute of Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
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7
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Gao C, Wang J, Xu H, Xiong Y. Coordination chemistry in the design of heterogeneous photocatalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:2799-2823. [PMID: 28368055 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00727a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysts have been widely used for photocatalysis, which is a highly important process for energy conversion, owing to their merits such as easy separation of catalysts from the reaction products and applicability to continuous chemical industry and recyclability. Yet, homogenous photocatalysis receives tremendous attention as it can offer a higher activity and selectivity with atomically dispersed catalytic sites and tunable light absorption. For this reason, there is a major trend to combine the advantages of both homogeneous and heterogeneous photocatalysts, in which coordination chemistry plays a role as the bridge. In this article, we aim to provide the first systematic review to give a clear picture of the recent progress from taking advantage of coordination chemistry. We specifically summarize the role of coordination chemistry as a versatile tool to engineer catalytically active sites, tune light harvesting and maneuver charge kinetics in heterogeneous photocatalysis. We then elaborate on the common fundamentals behind various materials systems, together with key spectroscopic characterization techniques and remaining challenges in this field. The typical applications of coordination chemistry in heterogeneous photocatalysis, including proton reduction, water oxidation, carbon dioxide reduction and organic reactions, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
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8
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Tamblyn I. The electronic structure of nanoscale interfaces. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2017.1313417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Tamblyn
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Canada
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9
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Liu ZF, Egger DA, Refaely-Abramson S, Kronik L, Neaton JB. Energy level alignment at molecule-metal interfaces from an optimally tuned range-separated hybrid functional. J Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4975321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Fei Liu
- Molecular Foundry and Materials Sciences Division,
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - David A. Egger
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 76100, Israel
| | - Sivan Refaely-Abramson
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 76100, Israel
| | - Leeor Kronik
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 76100, Israel
| | - Jeffrey B. Neaton
- Molecular Foundry and Materials Sciences Division,
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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10
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Global and local aspects of the surface potential landscape for energy level alignment at organic-ZnO interfaces. Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Han P, He Y, Chen C, Yu H, Liu F, Yang H, Ma Y, Zheng Y. Study on Synergistic Mechanism of Inhibitor Mixture Based on Electron Transfer Behavior. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33252. [PMID: 27671332 PMCID: PMC5037402 DOI: 10.1038/srep33252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixing is an important method to improve the performance of surfactants due to their synergistic effect. The changes in bonding interaction and adsorption structure of IM and OP molecules before and after co-adsorbed on Fe(001) surface is calculated by DFTB+ method. It is found that mixture enable the inhibitor molecules with higher EHOMO donate more electrons while the inhibitor molecules with lower ELUMO accept more electrons, which strengthens the bonding interaction of both inhibitor agent and inhibitor additive with metal surface. Meanwhile, water molecules in the compact layer of double electric layer are repulsed and the charge transfer resistance during the corrosion process increases. Accordingly, the correlation between the frontier orbital (EHOMO and ELUMO of inhibitor molecules and the Fermi level of metal) and inhibition efficiency is determined. Finally, we propose a frontier orbital matching principle for the synergistic effect of inhibitors, which is verified by electrochemical experiments. This frontier orbital matching principle provides an effective quantum chemistry calculation method for the optimal selection of inhibitor mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure, Corrosion and Protection of Oil/gas Facilities, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Changping District, Fuxue Road 18, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure, Corrosion and Protection of Oil/gas Facilities, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Changping District, Fuxue Road 18, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - Changfeng Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure, Corrosion and Protection of Oil/gas Facilities, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Changping District, Fuxue Road 18, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - Haobo Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure, Corrosion and Protection of Oil/gas Facilities, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Changping District, Fuxue Road 18, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Hong Yang
- School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, the University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Yue Ma
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Changping District, Fuxue Road 18, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure, Corrosion and Protection of Oil/gas Facilities, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Changping District, Fuxue Road 18, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
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12
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Chemical adsorption of phenacyl-1,2,3-benzotriazole over AMoO4 (010) scheelite surfaces. Structure and electronic properties. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Arefi HH, Nolan M, Fagas G. Binary functionalization of H:Si(111) surfaces by alkyl monolayers with different linker atoms enhances monolayer stability and packing. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:12952-63. [PMID: 27109872 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07601c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alkyl monolayer modified Si forms a class of inorganic-organic hybrid materials with applications across many technologies such as thin-films, fuel/solar-cells and biosensors. Previous studies have shown that the linker atom, through which the monolayer binds to the Si substrate, and any tail group in the alkyl chain, can tune the monolayer stability and electronic properties. In this paper we study the H:Si(111) surface functionalized with binary SAMs: these are composed of alkyl chains that are linked to the surface by two different linker groups. Aiming to enhance SAM stability and increase coverage over singly functionalized Si, we examine with density functional theory simulations that incorporate vdW interactions, a range of linker groups which we denote as -X-(alkyl) with X = CH2, O(H), S(H) or NH(2) (alkyl = C6 and C12 chains). We show how the stability of the SAM can be enhanced by adsorbing alkyl chains with two different linkers, e.g. Si-[C, NH]-alkyl, through which the adsorption energy is increased compared to functionalization with the individual -X-alkyl chains. Our results show that it is possible to improve stability and optimum coverage of alkyl functionalized SAMs linked through a direct Si-C bond by incorporating alkyl chains linked to Si through a different linker group, while preserving the interface electronic structure that determines key electronic properties. This is important since any enhancement in stability and coverage to give more densely packed monolayers will result in fewer defects. We also show that the work function can be tuned within the interval of 3.65-4.94 eV (4.55 eV for bare H:Si(111)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi H Arefi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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14
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Giesbrecht PK, Bruce JP, Freund MS. Electric and Photoelectric Properties of 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene-Functionalized n-Si/PEDOT:PSS Junctions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2016; 9:109-117. [PMID: 26682528 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201501231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Organic/inorganic solid-state junctions play a critical role in tandem artificial photosynthetic devices supported by conducting polymer membranes. Recent work with n-Si/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) ( PEDOT PSS) hybrid junctions has shown that the electrical behavior is dominated by the passivating groups present on the silicon surface. In this work, the photovoltaic behavior of n-Si/ PEDOT PSS was investigated with methyl, thiophene, and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) groups covalently attached to the Si(111) surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results demonstrated that complete monolayer coverage was achieved in 3 h and that the organic passivating groups were retained over two months of exposure to ambient conditions with minimal silicon oxidation. All surfaces investigated exhibited similar light-limited photocurrents and bulk-limited open-circuit voltages, and thiophene produced a dramatic reduction of the fill factor attributed to the formation of trap states at the interface. Furthermore, shunt behavior observed near the power-producing regions for the thiophene and EDOT surfaces is indicative of increased recombination events under forward bias and suggests that hole transport across the interface is enhanced. Thus, thiophene- and EDOT-functionalized Si(111) offer similar stabilities and efficiencies to those of methylated surfaces as well as enhanced hole transport to the PEDOT PSS interface from the n-Si surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick K Giesbrecht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Jared P Bruce
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Michael S Freund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd., Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA.
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Bruce JP, Oliver DR, Lewis NS, Freund MS. Electrical Characteristics of the Junction between PEDOT:PSS and Thiophene-Functionalized Silicon Microwires. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:27160-27166. [PMID: 26575586 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Thiophene moieties have been attached to Si microwires (Si MWs) by a two-step chlorination/alkylation reaction method. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that saturation of the surface occurred after 30 min of reaction time. Electrical measurements using a standard probe station indicated that the junction between individual thiophene-functionalized Si MWs and the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) ( PEDOT PSS) became more ohmic as more thiophene was added to the MW surface. Under a light-limited current of 20 nA, representative of operation of Si MWs under 1 Sun illumination conditions, the iR loss of thiophene-n-Si MW/PEDOT-PSS contacts was 20 mV, representing an order of magnitude reduction compared with PEDOT-PSS junctions formed with methyl terminated n-Si MWs. Such iR losses are much less than typical catalytic overpotentials for fuel formation, and hence the thiophene-functionalized Si MW contacts will not limit the performance of a Si MW array-based solar fuels device under 1 Sun illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared P Bruce
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Derek R Oliver
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 5V6, Canada
| | - Nathan S Lewis
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Michael S Freund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
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16
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Egger DA, Liu ZF, Neaton JB, Kronik L. Reliable energy level alignment at physisorbed molecule-metal interfaces from density functional theory. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:2448-55. [PMID: 25741626 PMCID: PMC4392703 DOI: 10.1021/nl504863r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A key quantity for molecule-metal interfaces is the energy level alignment of molecular electronic states with the metallic Fermi level. We develop and apply an efficient theoretical method, based on density functional theory (DFT) that can yield quantitatively accurate energy level alignment information for physisorbed metal-molecule interfaces. The method builds on the "DFT+Σ" approach, grounded in many-body perturbation theory, which introduces an approximate electron self-energy that corrects the level alignment obtained from conventional DFT for missing exchange and correlation effects associated with the gas-phase molecule and substrate polarization. Here, we extend the DFT+Σ approach in two important ways: first, we employ optimally tuned range-separated hybrid functionals to compute the gas-phase term, rather than rely on GW or total energy differences as in prior work; second, we use a nonclassical DFT-determined image-charge plane of the metallic surface to compute the substrate polarization term, rather than the classical DFT-derived image plane used previously. We validate this new approach by a detailed comparison with experimental and theoretical reference data for several prototypical molecule-metal interfaces, where excellent agreement with experiment is achieved: benzene on graphite (0001), and 1,4-benzenediamine, Cu-phthalocyanine, and 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride on Au(111). In particular, we show that the method correctly captures level alignment trends across chemical systems and that it retains its accuracy even for molecules for which conventional DFT suffers from severe self-interaction errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Egger
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 76100, Israel
| | - Zhen-Fei Liu
- Molecular Foundry and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jeffrey B. Neaton
- Molecular Foundry and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Leeor Kronik
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 76100, Israel
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Pan J, Wang Z, Chen Q, Hu J, Wang J. Band structure engineering of monolayer MoS₂ by surface ligand functionalization for enhanced photoelectrochemical hydrogen production activity. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:13565-13571. [PMID: 25268589 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr02829e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To achieve photoelectrochemical (PEC) activity of MoS2 for hydrogen production through water splitting, the band edges of MoS2 should match with the hydrogen and oxygen production levels. Our first-principles calculations show that the band edges of monolayer MoS2 can be effectively tuned by surface ligand functionalization, resulting from the intrinsic dipole of the ligand itself and the induced dipole at the ligand/MoS2 interface. We further explore the influence of ligand coverage, ligand functionalization and the substrate on the band structure of MoS2. The hybrid C6H5CH2NH2/MoS2/graphene structures may be compelling candidates as they satisfy the stringent requirements of PEC water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- Department of Physics & Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
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18
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Kuhlman AK, Zayak AT. Revealing Interaction of Organic Adsorbates with Semiconductor Surfaces Using Chemically Enhanced Raman. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:964-968. [PMID: 26270974 DOI: 10.1021/jz500024x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is frequently associated with "chemical enhancement" (CE), which is an effect of the chemical coupling between reporting molecules and surfaces. While SERS technique is mainly attributed to the studies of metallic surfaces, chemical coupling must be present on semiconductor surfaces as well. Here, we examine binding of trans-1,2-two(4-pyridyl) ethylene (BPE) to various crystallographic facets of PbSe semiconductor. The calculated off-resonant Raman spectra vary significantly on different crystallographic facets of PbSe, correlating with the electronic structure of each type of semiconductor surface. We distinguish situations when the charge transfer is present and when it is not, which raises the question about what exactly should be called the "chemical enhancement". We attempt to clarify this situation by introducing the concept of the "charge-transfer" and "charge-transfer-less" chemical enhancement. We also demonstrate a transition between these two regimes, which exhibits a nonlinear behavior of the vibrational coupling and a significantly stronger contribution to the Raman intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Kuhlman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - Alexey T Zayak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
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