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Zhang Y, Zhao Z, Liu Z, Tang A. The Scale Effects of Organometal Halide Perovskites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2935. [PMID: 37999290 PMCID: PMC10674384 DOI: 10.3390/nano13222935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Organometal halide perovskites have achieved great success in solution-processed photovoltaics. The explorations quickly expanded into other optoelectronic applications, including light-emitting diodes, lasers, and photodetectors. An in-depth analysis of the special scale effects is essential to understand the working mechanisms of devices and optimize the materials towards an enhanced performance. Generally speaking, organometal halide perovskites can be classified in two ways. By controlling the morphological dimensionality, 2D perovskite nanoplatelets, 1D perovskite nanowires, and 0D perovskite quantum dots have been studied. Using appropriate organic and inorganic components, low-dimensional organic-inorganic metal halide hybrids with 2D, quasi-2D, 1D, and 0D structures at the molecular level have been developed and studied. This provides opportunities to investigate the scale-dependent properties. Here, we present the progress on the characteristics of scale effects in organometal halide perovskites in these two classifications, with a focus on carrier diffusion, excitonic features, and defect properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zhenze Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RGE 6AH, UK;
| | - Zhe Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Aiwei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, China
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Liu Y, Gao W, Ran C, Dong H, Sun N, Ran X, Xia Y, Song L, Chen Y, Huang W. All-inorganic Sn-based Perovskite Solar Cells: Status, Challenges, and Perspectives. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:6477-6497. [PMID: 32902919 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSC) based on organic-inorganic hybrid Pb halide perovskites has reached 25.2 %. However, the toxicity of Pb has still been a main concern for the large-scale commercialization of Pb-based PSCs. Efforts have been made during the past few years to seek eco-friendly Pb-free perovskites, and it is a growing consensus that Sn is the best choice as Pb alternative over any other Pb-free metal elements. Among Sn-based perovskites, all-inorganic cells are promising candidates for PSCs owing to their more suitable bandgap, better stability, and higher charge mobility compared to the organic-inorganic hybrid counterparts. However, the poor phase stability of all-inorganic Sn-based perovskites (AISPs) and low PCE of their PSCs are most challenging in the field at present. Herein, recent developments on PSCs based on AISPs, including CsSnX3 and Cs2 SnX6 (X=Br, I), are comprehensively reviewed. Primarily, the intrinsic characteristics of the two AISPs are overviewed, including crystallographic property, band structure, charge carrier property, and defect property. Sequentially, state-of-the-art progress, regarding the photovoltaic application of AISPs as light absorber, is summarized. At last, current challenges and future opportunities of AISP-based PSCs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghua Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, 1, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Weiyin Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, 1, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Chenxin Ran
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, 1, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - He Dong
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, 1, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Nan Sun
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, 1, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xueqin Ran
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institution of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yingdong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institution of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Lin Song
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, 1, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yonghua Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, 1, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institution of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, 1, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institution of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID), and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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Ren F, Lindley SA, Zhao H, Tan L, Gonfa BA, Pu YC, Yang F, Liu X, Vidal F, Zhang JZ, Vetrone F, Ma D. Towards understanding the unusual photoluminescence intensity variation of ultrasmall colloidal PbS quantum dots with the formation of a thin CdS shell. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 18:31828-31835. [PMID: 27841403 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05786a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report anomalous size-dependent photoluminescence (PL) intensity variation of PbS quantum dots (QDs) with the formation of a thin CdS shell via a microwave-assisted cation exchange approach. Thin shell formation has been established as an effective strategy for increasing the PL of QDs. Nonetheless, herein we observed an unusual PL decrease in ultrasmall QDs upon shell formation. We attempted to understand this abnormal phenomenon from the perspective of trap density variation and the probability of electrons and holes reaching surface defects. To this end, the quantum yield (QY) and PL lifetime (on the ns-μs time scales) of pristine PbS QDs and PbS/CdS core/shell QDs were measured and the radiative and non-radiative recombination rates were derived and compared. Moreover, transient absorption (TA) analysis (on the fs-ns time scale) was performed to better understand exciton dynamics at early times that lead to and affect longer time dynamics and optical properties such as PL. These experimental results, in conjunction with theoretical calculations of electron and hole wave functions, provide a complete picture of the photophysics governing the core/shell system. A model was proposed to explain the size-dependent optical and dynamic properties observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Ren
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Univerisité du Québec, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada.
| | - Sarah A Lindley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
| | - Haiguang Zhao
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Univerisité du Québec, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada.
| | - Long Tan
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Univerisité du Québec, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada.
| | - Belete Atomsa Gonfa
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Univerisité du Québec, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada.
| | - Ying-Chih Pu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
| | - Fan Yang
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Univerisité du Québec, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada.
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - François Vidal
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Univerisité du Québec, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada.
| | - Jin Z Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
| | - Fiorenzo Vetrone
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Univerisité du Québec, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada. and Centre for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2K6, Canada
| | - Dongling Ma
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Univerisité du Québec, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada.
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Yang M, Peng HS, Zeng FL, Teng F, Qu Z, Yang D, Wang YQ, Chen GX, Wang DW. In situ silica coating-directed synthesis of orthorhombic methylammonium lead bromide perovskite quantum dots with high stability. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 509:32-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.08.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhang F, Zhong H, Chen C, Wu XG, Hu X, Huang H, Han J, Zou B, Dong Y. Brightly Luminescent and Color-Tunable Colloidal CH3NH3PbX3 (X = Br, I, Cl) Quantum Dots: Potential Alternatives for Display Technology. ACS NANO 2015; 9:4533-42. [PMID: 25824283 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 983] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Organometal halide perovskites are inexpensive materials with desirable characteristics of color-tunable and narrow-band emissions for lighting and display technology, but they suffer from low photoluminescence quantum yields at low excitation fluencies. Here we developed a ligand-assisted reprecipitation strategy to fabricate brightly luminescent and color-tunable colloidal CH3NH3PbX3 (X = Br, I, Cl) quantum dots with absolute quantum yield up to 70% at room temperature and low excitation fluencies. To illustrate the photoluminescence enhancements in these quantum dots, we conducted comprehensive composition and surface characterizations and determined the time- and temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra. Comparisons between small-sized CH3NH3PbBr3 quantum dots (average diameter 3.3 nm) and corresponding micrometer-sized bulk particles (2-8 μm) suggest that the intense increased photoluminescence quantum yield originates from the increase of exciton binding energy due to size reduction as well as proper chemical passivations of the Br-rich surface. We further demonstrated wide-color gamut white-light-emitting diodes using green emissive CH3NH3PbBr3 quantum dots and red emissive K2SiF6:Mn(4+) as color converters, providing enhanced color quality for display technology. Moreover, colloidal CH3NH3PbX3 quantum dots are expected to exhibit interesting nanoscale excitonic properties and also have other potential applications in lasers, electroluminescence devices, and optical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cheng Chen
- §Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | | | - Xiangmin Hu
- ‡Micro Nano Technology Center, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hailong Huang
- ‡Micro Nano Technology Center, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Junbo Han
- §Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bingsuo Zou
- ‡Micro Nano Technology Center, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
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Paulite M, Acharya KP, Nguyen HM, Hollingsworth JA, Htoon H. Inverting Asymmetric Confinement Potentials in Core/Thick-Shell Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:706-711. [PMID: 26262490 DOI: 10.1021/jz5027163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigate CdSe/ZnSe core/thick-shell nanocrystals (a.k.a. giant-nanocrystal quantum dots [g-NQDs]) that have an asymmetric electron/hole confinement potential opposite to nonblinking CdSe/CdS g-NQDs. We deconstruct the photon streams into five different photoluminescence (PL) intensity levels and analyze second-order photon correlation (g((2))) traces of each PL intensity level. This analysis allows us to decouple the contribution of exciton charging from the g((2)) experiment and determine the quantum yield of neutral biexciton states to be in the range of ∼20-50%, a value comparable to that of CdSe/CdS g-NQDs. We also show that the Auger recombination rate of positive trion states is suppressed compared to that of negative trions. This suppression, however, is shown not to be strong enough to yield complete suppression of PL fluctuations due to the heavy effective mass of holes. Strong intensity fluctuations also result from the fact that hole charging occurs more readily in CdSe/ZnSe g-NQDs than electron charging in CdSe/CdS g-NQDs.
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