Nanostructure of open water-channel reversed micelles. I. 1H NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling

Charge-free reverse wormlike micelles in nonaqueous media

We report a facile method for the formation of charge-free reverse wormlike micelles in a nonionic surfactant/oil system without addition of water under ambient conditions. This route involves the addition of sucrose dioleate (SDO) to semidilute solutions of sucrose trioleate (STO) in hexadecane. A reverse wormlike micelle was possible to achieve only with ionic surfactants in which water and/or salts are fundamentally required to induce micellar growth so far. In this contribution, we have shown that less lipophilic nonionic surfactant SDO promotes one-dimensional growth to STO reverse micelles and leads to the formation of transient networks of viscoelastic reverse wormlike micelles. The zero-shear viscosity increases by ∼4 orders of magnitude, and it is the mixing fraction of SDO to STO that determines the viscosity growth. The structure and dynamics of the reverse micelles are confirmed by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and rheometry measurements.

A New Reverse Wormlike Micellar System: Mixtures of Bile Salt and Lecithin in Organic Liquids

We report a new route for forming reverse wormlike micelles (i.e., long, flexible micellar chains) in nonpolar organic liquids such as cyclohexane and n-decane. This route involves the addition of a bile salt (e.g., sodium deoxycholate) in trace amounts to solutions of the phospholipid lecithin. Previous recipes for reverse wormlike micelles have usually required the addition of water to induce reverse micellar growth; here, we show that bile salts, due to their unique "facially amphiphilic" structure, can play a role analogous to that of water and promote the longitudinal aggregation of lecithin molecules into reverse micellar chains. The formation of transient entangled networks of these reverse micelles transforms low-viscosity lecithin organosols into strongly viscoelastic fluids. The zero-shear viscosity increases by more than 5 orders of magnitude, and it is the molar ratio of bile salt to lecithin that controls the viscosity enhancement. The growth of reverse wormlike micelles is also confirmed by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments on these fluids.

Molecular modeling study of the aggregation behavior of nickel(II), cobalt(II), lead(II) and zinc(II) bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate complexes

The physiochemical nature of the metal-extractant species in organic solvent has been a matter of debate over liquid-liquid extraction of transition metals by bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate. The aggregation behavior of nickel(II), cobalt(II), lead(II), and zinc(II) bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate have been investigated using molecular modeling. The recently confirmed "open" water channels rodlike reversed micelles which is in contact with the nonaqueous solvent rather than in an inner core (or "closed" water channel) of the nickel-extractant species by Ibrahim and Neuman appears to be a unique structure for such species. Lead-, cobalt- and zinc-extractant species behave in a different manner. The cobalt-extractant species form rodlike reversed micelles, but does not show the formation of any open water channel. The zinc- and lead-extractant species form ellipsoidal (or deformed spherical) reversed micelles with fewer water molecules located at the core of the micelles which is in accord with the conventional view of reversed micelles. The structural variations of the reversed micelles for the metal extracted species are in accord with the known extraction behavior of such metals when using HDEHP.