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de Groot SC, Ulrich MMW, Gho CG, Huisman MA. Back to the Future: From Appendage Development Toward Future Human Hair Follicle Neogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:661787. [PMID: 33912569 PMCID: PMC8075059 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.661787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair disorders such as alopecia and hirsutism often impact the social and psychological well-being of an individual. This also holds true for patients with severe burns who have lost their hair follicles (HFs). HFs stimulate proper wound healing and prevent scar formation; thus, HF research can benefit numerous patients. Although hair development and hair disorders are intensively studied, human HF development has not been fully elucidated. Research on human fetal material is often subject to restrictions, and thus development, disease, and wound healing studies remain largely dependent on time-consuming and costly animal studies. Although animal experiments have yielded considerable and useful information, it is increasingly recognized that significant differences exist between animal and human skin and that it is important to obtain meaningful human models. Human disease specific models could therefore play a key role in future therapy. To this end, hair organoids or hair-bearing skin-on-chip created from the patient’s own cells can be used. To create such a complex 3D structure, knowledge of hair genesis, i.e., the early developmental process, is indispensable. Thus, uncovering the mechanisms underlying how HF progenitor cells within human fetal skin form hair buds and subsequently HFs is of interest. Organoid studies have shown that nearly all organs can be recapitulated as mini-organs by mimicking embryonic conditions and utilizing the relevant morphogens and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Therefore, knowledge of the cellular and ECM proteins in the skin of human fetuses is critical to understand the evolution of epithelial tissues, including skin appendages. This review aims to provide an overview of our current understanding of the cellular changes occurring during human skin and HF development. We further discuss the potential implementation of this knowledge in establishing a human in vitro model of a full skin substitute containing hair follicles and the subsequent translation to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon C de Groot
- Association of Dutch Burn Centres, Beverwijk, Netherlands.,Hair Science Institute, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Coen G Gho
- Hair Science Institute, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Margriet A Huisman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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2
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Association behaviors of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)-grafted fullerenes in aqueous solution. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-018-1604-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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3
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Control of assembly size of poly (methacrylic acid)-grafted fullerenes in aqueous solution. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-018-1575-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Isakova A, Burton C, Nowakowski DJ, Topham PD. Diels–Alder cycloaddition and RAFT chain end functionality: an elegant route to fullerene end-capped polymers with control over molecular mass and architecture. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00394c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fullerene C60 end-capped polymers are synthesised using RAFT chain end functionality and Diels–Alder reaction with excellent yield and composition control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Isakova
- School of Chemical Engineering & Advanced Materials
- Merz Court
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- UK
| | - Christian Burton
- Aston Institute of Materials Research
- School of Engineering and Applied Science
- Aston University
- Birmingham
- UK
| | - Daniel J. Nowakowski
- Bioenergy Research Group
- European Bioenergy Research Institute
- Aston University
- Birmingham
- UK
| | - Paul D. Topham
- Aston Institute of Materials Research
- School of Engineering and Applied Science
- Aston University
- Birmingham
- UK
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5
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Şennik E, Şennik B, Alev O, Kılınç N, Yilmaz F, Ziya Öztürk Z. α-Thiophene end-capped styrene copolymer containing fullerene pendant moieties: Synthesis, characterization, and gas sensing properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Şennik
- Department of Physics; Gebze Technical University; Kocaeli 41400 Turkey
- Nanotechnology Application and Research Center, Nigde University; Nigde 51245 Turkey
| | - Büşra Şennik
- Department of Chemistry; Gebze Technical University; Kocaeli 41400 Turkey
- Department of Chemistry; Istanbul Medeniyet University; Istanbul 34720 Turkey
| | - Onur Alev
- Department of Physics; Gebze Technical University; Kocaeli 41400 Turkey
| | - Necmettin Kılınç
- Nanotechnology Application and Research Center, Nigde University; Nigde 51245 Turkey
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering; Nigde University; Nigde 51245 Turkey
| | - Faruk Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry; Gebze Technical University; Kocaeli 41400 Turkey
| | - Zafer Ziya Öztürk
- Department of Physics; Gebze Technical University; Kocaeli 41400 Turkey
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6
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Tang J, Li XY, Wu H, Ren LJ, Zhang YQ, Yao HX, Hu MB, Wang W. Tube-graft-Sheet Nano-Objects Created by A Stepwise Self-Assembly of Polymer-Polyoxometalate Hybrids. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:460-467. [PMID: 26710830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the preparation of complex nano-objects by means of a stepwise self-assembly of two polymer-polyoxometalate hybrids (PPHs) in solution. The PPHs are designed and synthesized by tethering two linear poly(ε-caprolactone)s (PCL) of different molecular weights (MW) on a complex of a Wells-Dawson-type polyoxometalate (POM) cluster and its countraions. The higher MW PCL-POM self-assembled into nanosheets, while the lower MW PCL-POM assembled into nanotubes just by altering the ratio of water in the DMF-water mixed solvent system. The two nano-objects have a similar membrane structure in which a PCL layer is sandwiched by the two POM-based complex layers. The PCL layer in the nanosheets is semicrystalline, while the PCL layer in the nanotubes is amorphous. We further exploited this MW-dependence to self-assemble the nanotubes on the nanosheet edges to create complex tube-graft-sheet nano-objects. We found that the nanotubes nucleate on the four {110} faces of the PCL crystal and then further grow along the crystallographic b-axis of the PCL crystal. Our findings offer hope for the further development of nano-objects with increasing complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- Center for Synthetic Soft Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xue-Ying Li
- Center for Synthetic Soft Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Han Wu
- Center for Synthetic Soft Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Li-Jun Ren
- Center for Synthetic Soft Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yu-Qi Zhang
- Center for Synthetic Soft Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hai-Xia Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, China
| | - Min-Biao Hu
- Center for Synthetic Soft Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Center for Synthetic Soft Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education and Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300071, China
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7
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Qi G, Yu Y, He J. Synthesis of a [60]fullerene-end-capped polyacetylene derivative – a “rod-sphere” molecule from a “coil-sphere” precursor. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01674f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A hybrid material composed of a head-to-head substituted polyacetylene end-capped with [60]fullerene was synthesized through anionic polymerization precursor route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yunhai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Junpo He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
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Min SH, Kwak SK, Kim BS. Atomistic simulation for coil-to-globule transition of poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate). SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:2423-2433. [PMID: 25662300 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm02242d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The coil-to-globule transition of poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) in aqueous solution was investigated by all-atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. The polymer consistent force field (PCFF) was applied to the PDMAEMA model with a proper protonation state. The structural analysis indicates a distinct difference in the hydration state of particular functional groups of PDMAEMA as well as in the conformational state of PDMAEMA below and above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). In particular, by monitoring the motion of water molecules, we observe that water molecules in the vicinity of the carbonyl group are relatively restricted to the motion in the globule state due to the extended relaxation time of hydrogen bonds among water molecules. The degree of protonation was also adjusted to study the effect of protonation on the conformational state of PDMAEMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Hoon Min
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
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9
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Han X, Xiong Z, Zhang X, Liu H. Multi-tunable self-assembled morphologies of stimuli-responsive diblock polyampholyte films on solid substrates. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:2139-2146. [PMID: 25631073 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00025d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Intelligent polymers, due to their sensitive stimuli response to changes in the environment, have gained increasing amounts of attention over recent years and have become a popular topic in polymer materials science. In this study, the aggregation behaviors and stimuli responses of the stimuli-responsive diblock polyampholyte poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(acrylic acid) (PDMAEMA-b-PAA) are conveniently tunable by introducing pH changes, temperature changes, salt addition and surfactant neutralization. Under different pH values, either globular or fractal self-assemblies can be observed in which the latter have crystal properties. Salts and alkalis can promote the fractal aggregation growth because their deposited crystals can act as nucleation sites for the polyampholyte chains. A combination of fluorescence spectroscopy, atom force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the presence of anionic surfactants in the PDMAEMA-b-PAA solutions promoted the solubility of the polyampholyte, consequently leading to a more homogeneous distribution of the polymer chains on the solid substrate upon drying the mixtures. The fractal formation was suppressed for the studied Gemini surfactants, and a higher surfactant hydrophobicity results in an earlier start of the formation of the fractal pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Han
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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10
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Motoyanagi J, Kurata A, Minoda M. Self-assembly behavior of amphiphilic C₆₀-end-capped poly(vinyl ether)s in water and dissociation of the aggregates by the complexing of the C₆₀ moieties with externally added γ-cyclodextrins. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:2256-61. [PMID: 25658224 DOI: 10.1021/la504341s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
C60-end-capped polymers consisting of an amphiphilic poly(2-methoxyethyl vinyl ether) (PMOVE) main chain were synthesized by living cationic polymerization using a C60-functionalized initiator (C60VE-TFA) in the presence of EtAlCl2 as an activator and dioxane as an added base. The obtained polymers (C60-PMOVE) dissolved in a wide range of solvents including water and exhibited solvatochromism depending on the polarity of the media employed. This phenomenon was attributed to self-assembly in polar media due to hydrophobicity of the C60 moieties at the terminus of the amphiphilic polymer chain. Furthermore, the addition of γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD), a strong host molecule for fullerenes, to the self-assembled system brought about the dissociation of the aggregates into molecularly dispersed free polymer chains. Titration of the aqueous solution of the self-assembly of C60-PMOVE with γ-CD indicated the possible formation of inclusion complexes of C60-PMOVE and γ-CD, and this binding process occurs in a positive cooperative manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Motoyanagi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology , Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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11
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Yin P, Lin Z, Wu J, Hsu CH, Chen X, Zhou J, Lu P, Eghtesadi SA, Yu X, Cheng SZD, Liu T. Charge-Regulated Spontaneous, Reversible Self-Assembly of the Carboxylic Acid-Functionalized Hydrophilic Fullerene Macroanions in Dilute Solution. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5022314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panchao Yin
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Zhiwei Lin
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Jiayingzi Wu
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Chih-Hao Hsu
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Xinyue Chen
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Pengtao Lu
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Seyed Ali Eghtesadi
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Xinfei Yu
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Stephen Z. D. Cheng
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Tianbo Liu
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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12
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13
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Shen Z, Mellati A, Bi J, Zhang H, Dai S. A thermally responsive cationic nanogel-based platform for three-dimensional cell culture and recovery. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02852j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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14
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Tsoufis T, Georgakilas V, Ke X, Van Tendeloo G, Rudolf P, Gournis D. Incorporation of Pure Fullerene into Organoclays: Towards C60-Pillared Clay Structures. Chemistry 2013; 19:7937-43. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Tam J, Liu J, Yao Z. Effect of microstructure on the antioxidant properties of fullerene polymer solutions. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra22582h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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16
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Joo YT, Jung KH, Kim MJ, Kim Y. Preparation of antibacterial PDMAEMA-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube via atom transfer radical polymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Yuan W, Zhang J, Zou H, Shen T, Ren J. Amphiphilic ethyl cellulose brush polymers with mono and dual side chains: Facile synthesis, self-assembly, and tunable temperature-pH responsivities. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Yao Z, Tam KC. Stimuli-Responsive Water-Soluble Fullerene (C60) Polymeric Systems. Macromol Rapid Commun 2011; 32:1863-85. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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Yao ZL, Tam KC. Synthesis and self-assembly of stimuli-responsive poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate)-block-fullerene (PDMAEMA-b-C60) and the demicellization induced by free PDMAEMA chains. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:6668-6673. [PMID: 21568352 DOI: 10.1021/la200885h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate)-block-fullerene [60] ((PDMAEMA)-b-C(60)) with a galactose targeting moiety was prepared by atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). This copolymer was designed for possible use as a targeted drug carrier. The chemical composition and the self-assembly behavior were characterized using different techniques, including GPC, NMR, UV, and DLS. The self-assembly of the galactose-functionalized PDMAEMA-b-C(60) structure in aqueous solutions was investigated using dynamic light scattering (DLS) under different pH conditions. At pH 3 and 10, the DLS results showed the presence of both polymeric micelles and unimers. However, a smaller R(h) was observed at pH 10 than at pH 3 because of electrostatic repulsion at low pH values. In addition, free PDMAEMA chains induced the demicellization of self-assembled nanostructures caused by the formation of a charge-transfer complex between PDMAEMA and C(60.) This phenomenon offers possible applications for free-polymer-triggered drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z L Yao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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20
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Uchida K, Tamura A, Fukushima N, Yajima H. Dependence of the dispersion behavior of [60]fullerene in aqueous media on the chain length of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) as a dispersing agent. Colloid Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-010-2317-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Effect of the polymer chain length of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) on the temperature-responsive phase transition behavior of its conjugates with [60]fullerene. Biointerphases 2010; 5:17-21. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3319348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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22
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Delivery of fullerene-containing complexes via microgel swelling and shear-induced release. Int J Pharm 2010; 384:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Revised: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Sun X, Zhou Y, Yan D. Drug release property of a pH-responsive double-hydrophilic hyperbranched graft copolymer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-009-0227-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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24
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Wang Q, Tam KC. Dual polarization interferometric analysis on the interaction between fullerene grafted polymer and nonionic surfactants. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:9898-9902. [PMID: 19606829 DOI: 10.1021/la901052b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between polyelectrolyte grafted fullerenes and surfactants was elucidated using a dual polarization interferometer (DPI). The deposition of poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMA(50)-b-C(60)) at pH 6 on the surface of silicon oxynitride induced by electrostatic interaction between charged PDMA segments and negatively charged surface revealed an adsorption thickness similar to the diameter of a fullerene molecule. A second deposition of poly(acrylic acid)-block-C(60) (PAA(83)-b-C(60)) on adsorbed PDMA(50)-b-C(60) at pH 6 was facilitated by electrostatic interaction between negatively and positively charged PAA and PDMA segments, respectively. A monolayer of PAA(83)-b-C(60) adsorbed on PDMA(50)-b-C(60) layer yielded a thickness twice the diameter of C(60) molecules. As a comparison, a two end-capped C(60)-PAA(83)-C(60) was examined, where the packing thickness and mass were smaller than the monocapped system due to steric hindrance effect of fullerene molecules. The adsorption of two nonionic surfactants (i.e., polyoxyethylene 9 lauryl ether (Brij 76) and octyl phenol ethoxylate (Triton X-100 or TX100)) on the adsorbed PDMA-C(60) layer was examined. Both Brij 76 and TX100 interacted with the PDMA-C(60) layer. For TX100, the interaction was promoted by pi-pi interaction between the C(60) headgroup and phenyl ring of the surfactant. Beyond the critical micellar concentration of TX100, the adsorption was greatly reduced. The concentration effect of first layer PDMA-C(60) was evaluated, where the PDMA-C(60) molecules adsorbed on the chip at higher density, resulting in a larger layer thickness. The densely packed fullerene headgroup hindered the penetration of TX100 aromatic ring into the first layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqiang Wang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
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25
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Tan BH, Gudipati CS, Hussain H, He C, Liu Y, Davis TP. Synthesis and Self-Assembly of pH-Responsive Amphiphilic Poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-block-Poly(pentafluorostyrene) Block Copolymer in Aqueous Solution. Macromol Rapid Commun 2009; 30:1002-8. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200800799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Revised: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Li C, Hu J, Yin J, Liu S. Click Coupling Fullerene onto Thermoresponsive Water-Soluble Diblock Copolymer and Homopolymer Chains at Defined Positions. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma900788k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changhua Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jinming Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jun Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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27
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Kang H, Peng B, Liang Y, Han X, Liu H. Study of the interaction between a diblock polyelectrolyte PDMA-b-PAA and a gemini surfactant 12-6-12 in basic media. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 333:135-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2008] [Revised: 12/24/2008] [Accepted: 12/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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Heo GS, Moon B. Anhydride-functionalized fullerene: a versatile precursor for fullerene-based materials. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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29
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Dai S, Ravi P, Tam KC. pH-Responsive polymers: synthesis, properties and applications. SOFT MATTER 2008; 4:435-449. [PMID: 32907201 DOI: 10.1039/b714741d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
pH-Responsive polymers are systems whose solubility, volume, and chain conformation can be manipulated by changes in pH, co-solvent, and electrolytes. This review summarizes recent developments covering synthesis, physicochemical properties, and applications in various disciplines. A variety of synthetic methodologies comprising of emulsion polymerization and living radical polymerization techniques are described, and some of their salient features are highlighted. Several polymeric systems, such as homopolymers, block copolymers, microgels, hydrogels and polymer brushes at interfaces are reviewed, where important characteristics that govern their behavior in solutions are described. Potential applications of these systems in controlled drug delivery, personal and home care, industrial coatings, biological and membrane science, viscosity modifiers, colloid stabilization, and water remediation, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Dai
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council Canada, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Palaniswamy Ravi
- Innovation Centre, 3M Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd, 100 Woodlands Avenue 7, 738205, Singapore
| | - Kam Chiu Tam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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30
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Huo H, Ngai T, Goh SH. Self-organization of double-C60 end-capped poly(ethylene oxide) in chloronaphthalene and benzene solvent mixtures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:12067-12070. [PMID: 17960945 DOI: 10.1021/la701762e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined and narrowly distributed double-C60 end-functionalized poly(ethylene oxide) (C60-PEO-C60) was prepared by reacting azido-terminated PEO with C60. The self-organization behavior of such C60-modified copolymers in different mixtures of chloronaphthalene (CN) and benzene (BN) was studied by a combination of static and dynamic laser light scattering. For C60-PEO-C60 in pure CN, a selective solvent only for C60, self-organization occurred to form a large micelle-like core-shell aggregate, probably with some C60 interlocking with each other with the collapsed PEO chains as the core. The addition of BN, a second selective solvent for core-forming PEO chains, has a significant effect on the structures and compactness of the resultant aggregates because the introduction of BN increases the stretching of the PEO chains inside the core and modifies the interfacial energy of the core-corona interface. On the other hand, for C60-PEO-C60 in pure BN, a non-solvent of C60, several smaller flower-like micelles may self-organize to form a large spherical-like aggregation complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Huo
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin N.T. Hong Kong, Hong Kong 00852, China
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31
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Wang C, Ravi P, Tam KC. Supramolecular complex of [60]fullerene-grafted polyelectrolyte and surfactant: mechanism and nanostructures. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:8798-805. [PMID: 17658759 DOI: 10.1021/la700600r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble, pH-responsive mono- and di-[60]fullerene end-capped poly(acrylic acid)s (PAA-C60 and C60-PAA-C60) were synthesized using the atom transfer radical polymerization technique. Isothermal titration calorimetry, dynamic light scattering, UV-vis spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were employed to study the supramolecular complexation between fullerene end-capped PAAs and nonionic surfactant, polyethylene glycol (9-10) tert-octylphenyl ether, also known as Triton X100 (TX100) at different pH values. At pH < 4, TX100 bound specifically to C60 domains driven by hydrophobic and pi-pi interactions between TX100 and fullerene molecules. The binding was exothermic, and the magnitude of the interaction decreased gradually with increasing pH. The amount of polymer-bound TX100 was proportional to the fullerene content, which was approximately 1.3 and approximately 2.5 mM for 5 mM (concentration of carboxylic groups) PAA-C60 and C60-PAA-C60, respectively. Morphological transformations resulting in the formation of polymer/surfactant complex (PSC) precipitates in the course of binding were observed for both polymers. The PSC of PAA-C60 possessed a dense spherical structure, whereas the PSC of C60-PAA-C60 possessed a lamellar stacking structure. The PSC precipitates resolubilized in excess amounts of TX100 to form stable aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Wang
- Singapore-MIT Alliance, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
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32
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Ravi P, Dai S, Tam KC. Synthesis and self-assembly of [60]fullerene containing sulfobetaine polymer in aqueous solution. J Phys Chem B 2007; 109:22791-8. [PMID: 16853969 DOI: 10.1021/jp053088h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A well-defined poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA-b-C60) was synthesized using the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technique and betainized with 1,3-sulfobetaine to yield a Bet-PDMAEMA-b-C60. The solution properties were then studied by light transmittance, viscometric, 1H NMR laser light scattering, and transmission electron macroscopic techniques. It was found that Bet-PDMAEMA-b-C60 exhibits an upper critical solution temperature (USCT) similar to that observed for Bet-PDMAEMA in aqueous solution. However, the modification of Bet-PDMAEMA with a C60 molecule increases the UCST of Bet-PDMAEMA in solution, which is a function of the solution ionic strength. Addition of a small amount of salt increases the UCST, similar to polyelectrolyte systems, while the presence of an excess amount of salt leads to a decrease in the UCST, attributed to the antipolyelectrolyte effect of polyampholytes. In aqueous salt solution, Bet-PDMAEMA-b-C60 chains self-assemble into micelles that coexist with unimeric Bet-PDMAEMA-b-C60 chains. TEM studies revealed that the system agglomerates when the temperature exceeds the UCST.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ravi
- Singapore-MIT Alliance and School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
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33
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Yu H, Gan L, Hu X, Gan Y. A pH-sensitive double [60]fullerene-end-capped polymers via ATRP: Synthesis and aggregation behavior. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Giacalone
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica "E. Paterno", Università degli Studi di Palermo, Parco d'Orleans II, I-90128 Palermo, Italy.
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35
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Murakami H, Nakanishi T, Morita M, Taniguchi N, Nakashima N. Self-Assembled Aggregates and Molecular Bilayer Films of a Double-Chain Fullerene Lipid: Structure and Electrochemistry. Chem Asian J 2006; 1:860-7. [PMID: 17441129 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200600229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The self-aggregation behavior of C60 fullerenes that bear two octadecyl chains (lipid 1) as well as the structures and electrochemical properties of cast films of 1 are described. We also examined the self-aggregation behavior in organic solvents of three previously reported compounds: C60 with three each of hexadecyl (lipid 2), tetradecyl (lipid 3), or dodecyl (lipid 4) chains. The fullerene lipids in alcohols spontaneously formed spherical aggregates, whose diameters are related to the alkyl-chain lengths, concentrations of the fullerene lipids, and the solvent polarity. The morphologies of the aggregates showed temperature dependence. Cast films of 1 formed multimolecular bilayer structures that undergo a phase transition typical of lipid bilayer membranes. The electrochemistry of cast films of 1 on an electrode in aqueous medium exhibits temperature dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Murakami
- Department of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Materials Science, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
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36
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Ravi P, Wang C, Dai S, Tam KC. Self-assembly of well-defined mono and dual end-capped C(60) containing polyacrylic acids in aqueous solution. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:7167-74. [PMID: 16893212 DOI: 10.1021/la0606345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined stimuli-responsive mono and dual fullerene (C(60)) end-capped poly(acrylic acid)s (PAA-C(60) and C(60)-PAA-C(60)) were synthesized by reacting C(60) with well-defined mono and dual azide end-functionalized poly(tert-butyl acrylate)s, followed by hydrolysis. The aggregation behaviors of these C(60) end-capped polymers in aqueous solution were examined using potentiometric and conductometric titrations and static and dynamic light scattering as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Both PAA-C(60) and C(60)-PAA-C(60) show pH-responsive and water-soluble properties at high pH. Both polymers self-assemble to form large compound micelles (LCMs) in aqueous solutions. The LCMs of PAA-C(60) exist as "compact aggregates", whereas the LCMs of C(60)-PAA-C(60) possess a "core-shell" structure with a larger size and aggregation number. The micelles for both polymers swell upon neutralization, where the R(h) of PAA-C(60) micelles increases from approximately 44 to approximately 102 nm and the R(h) of C(60)-PAA-C(60) aggregates varies from approximately 89 to approximately 128 nm with increasing degree of neutralization. The lower swelling of the dual end-capped C(60)-PAA-C(60) system is related to its higher C(60) content, which enhances the interpolymer chain hydrophobic association that restrains the swelling of micellar aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ravi
- Singapore-MIT Alliance, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
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37
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Chu CC, Ho TI, Wang L. Synthesis and Characterization of C60-Anchored Multiarmed Polymers with Well-Defined Structures. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma060718k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chien Chu
- Center for Condensed Matter Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, and Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Tong-Ing Ho
- Center for Condensed Matter Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, and Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
| | - Leeyih Wang
- Center for Condensed Matter Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, and Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106
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38
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Wang M, Pramoda KP, Goh SH. Reinforcing and Toughening of Poly(vinyl chloride) with Double-C60-End-Capped Poly(n-butyl methacrylate). Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0604901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mian Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, and Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
| | - K. P. Pramoda
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, and Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
| | - S. H. Goh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, and Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
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39
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Wang C, Ravi P, Tam KC. Morphological transformation of [60]fullerene-containing poly(acrylic acid) induced by the binding of surfactant. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:2927-30. [PMID: 16548533 DOI: 10.1021/la052191v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble pH-responsive [60]fullerene end-capped poly(acrylic acid) (PAA85-b-C60) was synthesized using atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technique. The unusual morphological transformation of the polymer induced by the binding of nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 (TX100) at different degrees of neutralization (alpha) was investigated using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), UV-vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). For the 5 mM (monomer concentration) polymer solution at pH < 4, approximately 1.3 mM TX100 binds specifically to C60 domains of the polymeric micelles driven by hydrophobic interaction, which induces a structural transformation of the polymer from a large compound micelle with a radius of 110 nm to a dense precipitated spherical polymer/surfactant complex (PSC) with a radius of 500 nm. The precipitates are resolubilized by a wetting layer of TX100 in excess surfactant (> 1.7 mM in the polymer solution). The binding is significantly weakened and the complexation is disrupted with increasing pH, where the interaction completely ceased at pH > 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Wang
- Singapore-MIT Alliance, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore
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40
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Tamura A, Uchida K, Yajima H. Reversible Temperature-dependent Dispersion–Aggregation Transition of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)–[60]Fullerene Conjugates. CHEM LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2006.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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41
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Yu H, Gan LH, Hu X, Venkatraman SS, Tam KC, Gan YY. A Novel Amphiphilic Double-[60]Fullerene-Capped Triblock Copolymer. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma051833i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Yu
- Natural Sciences & Science Education, National Institute of Education, School of Materials Engineering, and School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Republic of Singapore
| | - L. H. Gan
- Natural Sciences & Science Education, National Institute of Education, School of Materials Engineering, and School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Republic of Singapore
| | - X. Hu
- Natural Sciences & Science Education, National Institute of Education, School of Materials Engineering, and School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Republic of Singapore
| | - S. S. Venkatraman
- Natural Sciences & Science Education, National Institute of Education, School of Materials Engineering, and School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Republic of Singapore
| | - K. C. Tam
- Natural Sciences & Science Education, National Institute of Education, School of Materials Engineering, and School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Republic of Singapore
| | - Y. Y. Gan
- Natural Sciences & Science Education, National Institute of Education, School of Materials Engineering, and School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Republic of Singapore
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42
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Wang N, Li Y, Lu F, Liu Y, He X, Jiang L, Zhuang J, Li X, Li Y, Wang S, Liu H, Zhu D. Fabrication of novel conjugated polymer nanostructure: Porphyrins and fullerenes conjugately linked to the polyacetylene backbone as pendant groups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.20757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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43
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Teoh SK, Ravi P, Dai S, Tam KC. Self-Assembly of Stimuli-Responsive Water-Soluble [60]Fullerene End-Capped Ampholytic Block Copolymer. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:4431-8. [PMID: 16851514 DOI: 10.1021/jp045413r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A well-defined, water-soluble, pH and temperature stimuli-responsive [60]fullerene (C(60)) containing ampholytic block copolymer of poly((methacrylic acid)-block-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate))-block-C(60) (P(MAA-b-DMAEMA)-b-C(60)) was synthesized by the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technique. The self-assembly behavior of the C(60) containing polyampholyte in aqueous solution was characterized by potentiometric and conductometric titration, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy. This amphiphilic mono-C(60) end-capped block copolymer shows enhanced solubility in aqueous medium at room and elevated temperatures and at low and high pH but phase separates at intermediate pH between 5.4 and 8.8. The self-assembly of the copolymer is different from that of P(MAA-b-DMAEMA). Examination of the association behavior using DLS revealed the coexistence of unimers and aggregates at low pH at all temperatures studied, with the association being driven by the balance of hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. Unimers and aggregates of different microstructures are also observed at high pH and at temperatures below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PDMAEMA. At high pH and at temperatures above the LCST of PDMAEMA, the formation of micelles and aggregates coexisting in solution is driven by the combination of hydrophobic, electrostatic, and charge-transfer interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Kay Teoh
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Division of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
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Ravi P, Dai S, Tan CH, Tam KC. Self-Assembly of Alkali-Soluble [60]Fullerene Containing Poly(methacrylic acid) in Aqueous Solution. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0480547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Palaniswamy Ravi
- Singapore-MIT Alliance, School of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Division of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sheng Dai
- Singapore-MIT Alliance, School of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Division of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chung How Tan
- Singapore-MIT Alliance, School of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Division of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kam Chiu Tam
- Singapore-MIT Alliance, School of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Division of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
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45
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Aldea G, Chitanu GC, Delaunay J, Nunzi JM, Simionescu BC, Cousseau J. Multifunctional, water-soluble, C60-pendant maleic anhydride copolymer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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47
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Tan CH, Ravi P, Dai S, Tam KC. Polymer-induced fractal patterns of [60]fullerene containing poly(methacrylic acid) in salt solutions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:9901-9904. [PMID: 15518470 DOI: 10.1021/la0480843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined water-soluble pH-responsive [60]fullerene (C60) containing poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA-b-C60) was synthesized using the atom transfer radical polymerization technique. By varying pH and salt concentration, different types of fractal patterns at nano- to microscopic dimensions were observed for negatively charged PMAA-b-C60, while such structure was not observed for positively charged poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-b-C60. We demonstrated that negatively charged fullerene containing polymeric systems can serve as excellent nanotemplates for the controlled growth of inorganic crystals at the nano- to micrometer length scale, and the possible mechanism was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung How Tan
- School of Mechanical and Production Engineering and Singapore-MIT Alliance, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Republic of Singapore
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