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Hooe SL, Green CM, Susumu K, Stewart MH, Breger JC, Medintz IL. Optimizing the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to lactate by enzymatic channeling with mixed nanoparticle display. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024; 4:100764. [PMID: 38714198 PMCID: PMC11133815 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Co-assembling enzymes with nanoparticles (NPs) into nanoclusters allows them to access channeling, a highly efficient form of multienzyme catalysis. Using pyruvate kinase (PykA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) to convert phosphoenolpyruvic acid to lactic acid with semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) confirms how enzyme cluster formation dictates the rate of coupled catalytic flux (kflux) across a series of differentially sized/shaped QDs and 2D nanoplatelets (NPLs). Enzyme kinetics and coupled flux were used to demonstrate that by mixing different NP systems into clusters, a >10× improvement in kflux is observed relative to free enzymes, which is also ≥2× greater than enhancement on individual NPs. Cluster formation was characterized with gel electrophoresis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging. The generalizability of this mixed-NP approach to improving flux is confirmed by application to a seven-enzyme system. This represents a powerful approach for accessing channeling with almost any choice of enzymes constituting a multienzyme cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby L Hooe
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Christopher M Green
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Kimihiro Susumu
- Optical Sciences Division Code 5611, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Michael H Stewart
- Optical Sciences Division Code 5611, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Joyce C Breger
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Igor L Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.
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2
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Ranganathan V, Boisjoli S, DeRosa MC. Adsorption-desorption nano-aptasensors: fluorescent screening assays for ochratoxin A. RSC Adv 2022; 12:13727-13739. [PMID: 35541430 PMCID: PMC9081825 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00026a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a FRET-based fluorescent aptasensor for the detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) was optimized based on the quenching efficiency of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and the binding affinity of aptamers. OTA aptamers were conjugated with quantum dots and adsorbed to the surface of both acid-modified and unmodified SWCNTs. The maximum fluorescence quenching efficiency of the SWCNTs were compared. Acid-modified SWCNTs (amSWCNTs) have moderate quenching efficiency, providing an optimal sensitivity for qualitative fluorescence-enhancement biosensor assays. The binding parameters of the QD-modified OTA aptamers (1.12.2 and A08min) on the surface of amSWCNTs were compared. Based on our results, the A08min aptamer is a better candidate for OTA detection. Using the A08min aptamer, the SWCNT method had a limit of detection (LOD) of 40 nM. The amSWCNT method had a significantly lower LOD of 14 nM. Turn-on fluorescent nano-aptasensors are emerging as an effective diagnostic tool for simple detection of mycotoxins. Nanocomplexes designed for the detection of mycotoxins in solution and paper-based tests have proven to be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velu Ranganathan
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa ON K1S 5B6 Canada +1-613-520-2600
| | - Spencer Boisjoli
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa ON K1S 5B6 Canada +1-613-520-2600
| | - Maria C DeRosa
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa ON K1S 5B6 Canada +1-613-520-2600
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3
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Fungal Hydrophobins and Their Self-Assembly into Functional Nanomaterials. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1174:161-185. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9791-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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4
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Electrogenerated chemiluminescence of Si quantum dots in neutral aqueous solution and its biosensing application. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 89:1053-1058. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Hildebrandt N, Spillmann CM, Algar WR, Pons T, Stewart MH, Oh E, Susumu K, Díaz SA, Delehanty JB, Medintz IL. Energy Transfer with Semiconductor Quantum Dot Bioconjugates: A Versatile Platform for Biosensing, Energy Harvesting, and Other Developing Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 117:536-711. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niko Hildebrandt
- NanoBioPhotonics
Institut d’Electronique Fondamentale (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, 91400 Orsay, France
| | | | - W. Russ Algar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Thomas Pons
- LPEM;
ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University; CNRS; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, F-75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Eunkeu Oh
- Sotera Defense Solutions, Inc., Columbia, Maryland 21046, United States
| | - Kimihiro Susumu
- Sotera Defense Solutions, Inc., Columbia, Maryland 21046, United States
| | - Sebastian A. Díaz
- American Society for Engineering Education, Washington, DC 20036, United States
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6
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Termeh Yousefi A, Fukumori M, Reetu Raj P, Liu P, Fu L, Bagheri S, Tanaka H. Progress on nanoparticle-based carbon nanotube complex: fabrication and potential application. REV INORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2016-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered as one of the most intensively explored nanostructured materials and have been widely used as a platform material for metal and semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) due to their large and chemically active surface area. Several approaches have been described in the literature to immobilize NPs on the surface of CNTs. This report reviews the recent developments in this area by exploring the various techniques where nanotubes can be functionalized with NPs to improve the optical, mechanical, thermal, medical, electrical, and magnetic applications of CNTs.
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Song L, Wang S, Wang H, Zhang H, Cong H, Jiang X, Tien P. Study on nanocomposite construction based on the multi-functional biotemplate self-assembled by the recombinant TMGMV coat protein for potential biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:97. [PMID: 25652772 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-014-5326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays there is a growing interest in bio-scaffolded nanoarchitectures. Rapid progress in nanobiotechnology and molecular biology has allowed the engineering of inorganic-binding peptides termed as genetically engineered polypeptides for inorganics (GEPIs) into self-assembling biological structures to facilitate the design of novel biomedical or bioimaging devices. Here we introduce a novel nanocomposite comprising a self-assembled protein scaffold based on a recombinant tobacco mild green mosaic tobamovirus (TMGMV) coat protein (CP) and the photocatalytic TiO2 nanoparticles attached to it, which may provide a generic method for materials engineering. A template containing a modified TMGMV CP (mCP) gene, with the first six C-terminal amino acid residues deleted to accommodate more foreign peptides and expressing a site-directed mutation of A123C for bioconjugation utility, and two genetically engineered mutants, Escherichia coli-based P-mCP-Ti7 containing a C-terminal TiO2 GEPI sequence of seven peptides (Ti7) and Hi5 insect cells-derived E-CP-Ti7-His6 C-terminally fused with Ti7+His6 tag were created. Expression vectors and protocols for enriching of the two CP variants were established and the resultant proteins were identified by western blot analysis. Their RNA-free self-assembling structures were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immuno-gold labeling TEM analysis. Adherence of nanoparticles to the P-mCP-Ti7 induced protein scaffold was visualized by TEM analysis. Also discussed is the Cysteine thiol reactivity in bioconjugation reactions with the maleimide-functionalized porphyrin photosensitizers which can function as clinical photodynamic therapy agents. This study introduced a novel approach to producing an assembly-competent recombinant TMGMV CP, examined its ability to serve as a novel platform for the multivalent display of surface ligands and demonstrated an alternative method for nanodevice synthesis for nanobiotechnological applications by combining GEPIs-mediated immobilization with the controllability of self-assembling recombinant TMGMV CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
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Blanco-Canosa JB, Wu M, Susumu K, Petryayeva E, Jennings TL, Dawson PE, Algar WR, Medintz IL. Recent progress in the bioconjugation of quantum dots. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Linear polymers have been considered the best molecular structures for the formation of efficient protein conjugates due to their biological advantages, synthetic convenience and ease of functionalization. In recent years, much attention has been dedicated to develop synthetic strategies that produce the most control over protein conjugation utilizing linear polymers as scaffolds. As a result, different conjugate models, such as semitelechelic, homotelechelic, heterotelechelic and branched or star polymer conjugates, have been obtained that take advantage of these well-controlled synthetic strategies. Development of protein conjugates using nanostructures and the formation of said nanostructures from protein-polymer bioconjugates are other areas in the protein bioconjugation field. Although several polymer-protein technologies have been developed from these discoveries, few review articles have focused on the design and function of these polymers and nanostructures. This review will highlight some recent advances in protein-linear polymer technologies that employ protein covalent conjugation and successful protein-nanostructure bioconjugates (covalent conjugation as well) that have shown great potential for biological applications.
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O'Mahony S, O'Dwyer C, Nijhuis CA, Greer JC, Quinn AJ, Thompson D. Nanoscale dynamics and protein adhesivity of alkylamine self-assembled monolayers on graphene. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:7271-7282. [PMID: 23301836 DOI: 10.1021/la304545n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Atomic-scale molecular dynamics computer simulations are used to probe the structure, dynamics, and energetics of alkylamine self-assembled monolayer (SAM) films on graphene and to model the formation of molecular bilayers and protein complexes on the films. Routes toward the development and exploitation of functionalized graphene structures are detailed here, and we show that the SAM architecture can be tailored for use in emerging applications (e.g., electrically stimulated nerve fiber growth via the targeted binding of specific cell surface peptide sequences on the functionalized graphene scaffold). The simulations quantify the changes in film physisorption on graphene and the alkyl chain packing efficiency as the film surface is made more polar by changing the terminal groups from methyl (-CH3) to amine (-NH2) to hydroxyl (-OH). The mode of molecule packing dictates the orientation and spacing between terminal groups on the surface of the SAM, which determines the way in which successive layers build up on the surface, whether via the formation of bilayers of the molecule or the immobilization of other (macro)molecules (e.g., proteins) on the SAM. The simulations show the formation of ordered, stable assemblies of monolayers and bilayers of decylamine-based molecules on graphene. These films can serve as protein adsorption platforms, with a hydrophobin protein showing strong and selective adsorption by binding via its hydrophobic patch to methyl-terminated films and binding to amine-terminated films using its more hydrophilic surface regions. Design rules obtained from modeling the atomic-scale structure of the films and interfaces may provide input into experiments for the rational design of assemblies in which the electronic, physicochemical, and mechanical properties of the substrate, film, and protein layer can be tuned to provide the desired functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O'Mahony
- Theory Modelling and Design Centre, Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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11
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Jin H, Won N, Ahn B, Kwag J, Heo K, Oh JW, Sun Y, Cho SG, Lee SW, Kim S. Quantum dot-engineered M13 virus layer-by-layer composite films for highly selective and sensitive turn-on TNT sensors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:6045-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc42032a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Hu P, Cao Y, Lou Y, Lu B, Shao M, Ni J, Cao M. A New Simple Route to ZnS Quantized Particles with Tunable Size and Shape, and Size/Shape-Dependent Optical Properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ampc.2013.31003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Petryayeva E, Krull UJ. Quantum dot and gold nanoparticle immobilization for biosensing applications using multidentate imidazole surface ligands. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:13943-13951. [PMID: 22992133 DOI: 10.1021/la302985x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A facile approach for modification of solid substrates with multidentate imidazole ligands was developed for immobilization of high densities of quantum dots (QDs) that were capped with hydrophilic thiol-based ligands, and for immobilization of noble metal nanoparticles. Imidazole polymer was synthesized using poly(acrylic acid) as a backbone, and grafted on amine functionalized substrate in a two-step approach. The polymer-modified surface was characterized using ellipsometry, water contact angle, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Fluorescence spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate nanoparticle immobilization. Homogeneous, high density (ca. 5 × 10(11) cm(-2)) QD films formed via self-assembly were obtained within 4-6 h. Similarly, the imidazole polymer was also shown to be effective for immobilization of gold nanoparticles as a uniform film. By making use of the pH-sensitive affinity of the imidazole rings to zinc on the surface of QDs, it was possible to achieve regeneration of functional ligands suitable for subsequent immobilization of new QDs. Immobilized QDs were used as a platform for bioconjugation with oligonucleotides and peptides. The transduction of nucleic acid hybridization and enzyme activity using QDs as energy donors in interfacial fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) indicated that the immobilization strategy preserved the functional properties of the QDs. The multidentate imidazole ligands used for QD immobilization offer the highest denticity of binding in comparison to the currently available approaches without compromise in their optical properties and ability to interact with biomolecules in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Petryayeva
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Reagentless fluorescent biosensors based on proteins for continuous monitoring systems. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 402:3039-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5715-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Kim K, Han CS, Jeong S. Design and synthesis of photostable multi-shell Cd-free nanocrystal quantum dots for LED applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm33962e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Tay LL, Huang PJ, Tanha J, Ryan S, Wu X, Hulse J, Chau LK. Silica encapsulated SERS nanoprobe conjugated to the bacteriophage tailspike protein for targeted detection of Salmonella. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 48:1024-6. [PMID: 22158658 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc16325f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Silica-encapsulated Raman-reporter embedded SERS nanoprobes, named nanoaggregate embedded beads (NAEBs), were conjugated to the Salmonella specific tailspike protein (TSP) isolated from the P22 bacteriophage to enable a highly specific and ultrasensitive optical transduction platform. We demonstrate three successful surface conjugation strategies and highlight the detection of a single bacterium using SERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Lin Tay
- National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
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17
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Zhao W, Zhang G, Jiang L, Lu T, Huang X, Shen J. Novel polyurethane ionomer nanoparticles displayed a good biosensor effection. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 88:78-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Algar WR, Prasuhn DE, Stewart MH, Jennings TL, Blanco-Canosa JB, Dawson PE, Medintz IL. The controlled display of biomolecules on nanoparticles: a challenge suited to bioorthogonal chemistry. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:825-58. [PMID: 21585205 DOI: 10.1021/bc200065z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Interest in developing diverse nanoparticle (NP)-biological composite materials continues to grow almost unabated. This is motivated primarily by the desire to simultaneously exploit the properties of both NP and biological components in new hybrid devices or materials that can be applied in areas ranging from energy harvesting and nanoscale electronics to biomedical diagnostics. The utility and effectiveness of these composites will be predicated on the ability to assemble these structures with control over NP/biomolecule ratio, biomolecular orientation, biomolecular activity, and the separation distance within the NP-bioconjugate architecture. This degree of control will be especially critical in creating theranostic NP-bioconjugates that, as a single vector, are capable of multiple functions in vivo, including targeting, image contrast, biosensing, and drug delivery. In this review, a perspective is given on current and developing chemistries that can provide improved control in the preparation of NP-bioconjugates. The nanoscale properties intrinsic to several prominent NP materials are briefly described to highlight the motivation behind their use. NP materials of interest include quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, viral capsids, liposomes, and NPs composed of gold, lanthanides, silica, polymers, or magnetic materials. This review includes a critical discussion on the design considerations for NP-bioconjugates and the unique challenges associated with chemistry at the biological-nanoscale interface-the liabilities of traditional bioconjugation chemistries being particularly prominent therein. Select bioorthogonal chemistries that can address these challenges are reviewed in detail, and include chemoselective ligations (e.g., hydrazone and Staudinger ligation), cycloaddition reactions in click chemistry (e.g., azide-alkyne cyclyoaddition, tetrazine ligation), metal-affinity coordination (e.g., polyhistidine), enzyme driven modifications (e.g., HaloTag, biotin ligase), and other site-specific chemistries. The benefits and liabilities of particular chemistries are discussed by highlighting relevant NP-bioconjugation examples from the literature. Potential chemistries that have not yet been applied to NPs are also discussed, and an outlook on future developments in this field is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Russ Algar
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Optical Sciences Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue S.W., Washington, DC 20375, United States
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Algar WR, Susumu K, Delehanty JB, Medintz IL. Semiconductor Quantum Dots in Bioanalysis: Crossing the Valley of Death. Anal Chem 2011; 83:8826-37. [DOI: 10.1021/ac201331r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Russ Algar
- College of Science, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
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20
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Seker UOS, Ozel T, Demir HV. Peptide-mediated constructs of quantum dot nanocomposites for enzymatic control of nonradiative energy transfer. NANO LETTERS 2011; 11:1530-1539. [PMID: 21428276 DOI: 10.1021/nl104295b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A bottom-up approach for constructing colloidal semiconductor quantum dot (QDot) nanocomposites that facilitate nonradiative Förster-type resonance energy transfer (FRET) using polyelectrolyte peptides was proposed and realized. The electrostatic interaction of these polypeptides with altering chain lengths was probed for thermodynamic, structural, and morphological aspects. The resulting nanocomposite film was successfully cut with the protease by digesting the biomimetic peptide layer upon which the QDot assembly was constructed. The ability to control photoluminescence decay lifetime was demonstrated by proteolytic enzyme activity, opening up new possibilities for biosensor applications.
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21
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Ultra-sensitive DNA assay based on single-molecule detection coupled with fluorescent quantum dot-labeling and its application to determination of messenger RNA. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 685:52-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Yadav SC, Kumari A, Yadav R. Development of peptide and protein nanotherapeutics by nanoencapsulation and nanobioconjugation. Peptides 2011; 32:173-87. [PMID: 20934475 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 10/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The targeted delivery of therapeutic peptide by nanocarriers systems requires the knowledge of interactions of nanomaterials with the biological environment, peptide release, and stability of therapeutic peptides. Therapeutic application of nanoencapsulated peptides are increasing exponentially and >1000 peptides in nanoencapsulated form are in different clinical/trial phase. This review covers current scenario of therapeutic protein and peptides encapsulation on polymer to metallic nanocarriers including methods of protein encapsulation, peptide bioconjugation on nanoparticles, stability enhancement of encapsulated proteins and its biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Chandra Yadav
- Nanobiology Lab, Biotechnology Division, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur 176061 HP India.
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Dorokhin D, Hsu SH, Tomczak N, Blum C, Subramaniam V, Huskens J, Reinhoudt DN, Velders AH, Vancso GJ. Visualizing resonance energy transfer in supramolecular surface patterns of β-CD-functionalized quantum dot hosts and organic dye guests by fluorescence lifetime imaging. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2010; 6:2870-2876. [PMID: 21080386 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201000713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Detection of an analyte via supramolecular host-guest binding and quantum dot (QD)-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) signal transduction mechanism is demonstrated. Surface patterns consisting of CdSe/ZnS QDs functionalized at their periphery with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) were obtained by immobilization of the QDs from solution onto glass substrates patterned with adamantyl-terminated poly(propylene imine) dendrimeric "glue." Subsequent formation of host-guest complexes between vacant β-CD on the QD surface and an adamantyl-functionalized lissamine rhodamine resulting in FRET was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy, spectroscopy, and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Dorokhin
- Materials Science and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Science and Technology and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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24
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Algar WR, Tavares AJ, Krull UJ. Beyond labels: A review of the application of quantum dots as integrated components of assays, bioprobes, and biosensors utilizing optical transduction. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 673:1-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Chen W, Xu D, Liu L, Peng C, Zhu Y, Ma W, Bian A, Li Z, Jin Z, Zhu S, Xu C, Wang L. Ultrasensitive Detection of Trace Protein by Western Blot Based on POLY-Quantum Dot Probes. Anal Chem 2009; 81:9194-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac901429a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dinghua Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liqiang Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chifang Peng
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yingyue Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Ma
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ai Bian
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shuifang Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Libing Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
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Frasco MF, Chaniotakis N. Semiconductor quantum dots in chemical sensors and biosensors. SENSORS 2009; 9:7266-86. [PMID: 22423206 PMCID: PMC3290488 DOI: 10.3390/s90907266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Revised: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Quantum dots are nanometre-scale semiconductor crystals with unique optical properties that are advantageous for the development of novel chemical sensors and biosensors. The surface chemistry of luminescent quantum dots has encouraged the development of multiple probes based on linked recognition molecules such as peptides, nucleic acids or small-molecule ligands. This review overviews the design of sensitive and selective nanoprobes, ranging from the type of target molecules to the optical transduction scheme. Representative examples of quantum dot-based optical sensors from this fast-moving field have been selected and are discussed towards the most promising directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela F Frasco
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Vassilika Voutes, 71003 Iraklion, Crete, Greece; E-Mail:
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Algar WR, Krull UJ. Toward a multiplexed solid-phase nucleic acid hybridization assay using quantum dots as donors in fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Anal Chem 2009; 81:4113-20. [PMID: 19358559 DOI: 10.1021/ac900421p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Solid-phase assays using immobilized quantum dots (QDs) as donors in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) have been developed for the selective detection of nucleic acids. QDs were immobilized on optical fibers and conjugated with probe oligonucleotides. Hybridization with acceptor labeled target oligonucleotides generated FRET-sensitized acceptor fluorescence that was used as the analytical signal. A sandwich assay was also introduced and avoided the need for target labeling. Green and red emitting CdSe/ZnS QDs were used as donors with Cy3 and Alexa Fluor 647 acceptors, respectively. Quantitative measurements were made via spectrofluorimetry or fluorescence microscopy. Detection limits as low as 1 nM were obtained, and the discrimination of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with contrast ratios as high as 31:1 was possible. The assays retained their selectivity and at least 50% of their signal when tested in bovine serum and against a large background of noncomplementary genomic DNA. Mixed films of the two colors of QD and two probe oligonucleotide sequences were prepared for multiplexed solid-phase hybridization assays. It was possible to simultaneously detect two target sequences with retention of selectivity, including SNP discrimination. This research provides an important precedent and framework for the future development of QD-based bioassays and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Russ Algar
- Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
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Susumu K, Mei BC, Mattoussi H. Multifunctional ligands based on dihydrolipoic acid and polyethylene glycol to promote biocompatibility of quantum dots. Nat Protoc 2009; 4:424-36. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2008.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Algar WR, Krull UJ. Interfacial transduction of nucleic acid hybridization using immobilized quantum dots as donors in fluorescence resonance energy transfer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:633-638. [PMID: 19115878 DOI: 10.1021/la803082f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) using immobilized quantum dots (QDs) as energy donors was explored as a transduction method for the detection of nucleic acid hybridization at an interface. This research was motivated by the success of the QD-FRET-based transduction of nucleic acid hybridization in solution-phase assays. This new work represents a fundamental step toward the assembly of a biosensor, where immobilization of the selective chemistry on a surface is desired. After immobilizing QD-probe oligonucleotide conjugates on optical fibers, a demonstration of the retention of selectivity was achieved by the introduction of acceptor (Cy3)-labeled single-stranded target oligonucleotides. Hybridization generated the proximity required for FRET, and the resulting fluorescence spectra provided an analytical signal proportional to the amount of target. This research provides an important framework for the future development of nucleic acid biosensors based on QDs and FRET. The most important findings of this work are that (1) a QD-FRET solid-phase hybridization assay is viable and (2) a passivating layer of denatured bovine serum albumin alleviates nonspecific adsorption, ultimately resulting in (3) the potential for a reusable assay format and mismatch discrimination. In this, the first incarnation of a solid-phase QD-FRET hybridization assay, the limit of detection was found to be 5 nM, and the dynamic range was almost 2 orders of magnitude. Selective discrimination of the target was shown using a three-base-pairs mismatch from a fully complementary sequence. Despite a gradual loss of signal, reuse of the optical fibers over multiple cycles of hybridization and dehybridization was possible. Directions for further improvement of the analytical performance by optimizing the design of the QD-probe oligonucleotide interface are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Russ Algar
- Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
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Cui D, Pan B, Zhang H, Gao F, Wu R, Wang J, He R, Asahi T. Self-assembly of quantum dots and carbon nanotubes for ultrasensitive DNA and antigen detection. Anal Chem 2008; 80:7996-8001. [PMID: 18816142 DOI: 10.1021/ac800992m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A highly selective, ultrasensitive, fluorescence detection method for DNA and antigen based on self-assembly of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and CdSe quantum dots (QDs) via oligonucleotide hybridization is reported. Mercaptoalkyloligonucleotide molecules bind to the quantum dots, while amineoalkyloligonucleotides bind to CNTs with -COCl surface groups. QDs and CNTs further assemble into nanohybrids through DNA hybridization in the presence of target complementary oligonucleotides. The method is achieved with good repeatability with the detection limit of 0.2 pM DNA molecules and 0.01 nM antigen molecules. This novel detection system can also be used for multicomponent detection and antigen-antibody immunoreaction. The novel system has great potential in applications such as ultrasensitive pathogen DNA or antigen or antibody detection, molecular imaging, and photoelectrical biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxiang Cui
- Department of Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai JiaoTong University, PR China.
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31
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Gole A, Jana NR, Selvan ST, Ying JY. Langmuir-Blodgett thin films of quantum dots: synthesis, surface modification, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) studies. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:8181-8186. [PMID: 18590286 DOI: 10.1021/la8000224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We describe herein studies on as-prepared hydrophobic ZnS-CdSe quantum dots (QDs) at the air-water interface. Surface pressure-area (pi-A) isotherms have been used to study the monolayer behavior. Uniform, lamellar multilayer thin films of QDs were deposited by the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. The role of two different surfactant systems commonly employed in the synthesis of these QDs (trioctylphosphine oxide-octadecylamine (TOPO-ODA) system and trioctylphosphine oxide-tetradecylphosphonic acid (TOPO-TDPA) system) on the monolayer behavior and the quality of thin films produced has been investigated. The thin films were characterized by quartz crystal microgravimetry (QCM), contact angle measurements, fluorescence spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These QD films were further modified by an amphiphilic polymer, poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-tetradecene) (PMA). The hydrophobic interaction between the polymers and the surfactants attached to the QDs drove the self-assembly process. The carboxylic acid functional groups in the polymer were also used to immobilize avidin. We have demonstrated a proof of concept for the biosensing strategy wherein the avidin-coated QD films attracted biotinylated gold nanoparticles, resulting in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) quenching of the thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Gole
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669
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32
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Algar WR, Krull UJ. Multidentate surface ligand exchange for the immobilization of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots and surface quantum dot-oligonucleotide conjugates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:5514-5520. [PMID: 18412378 DOI: 10.1021/la703812t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A method for synthesizing multidentate thiol ligands on fused silica surfaces (e.g., optical fibers) was developed for the immobilization of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) capped with hydrophilic or hydrophobic ligands. This work was motivated by the poor stability of QDs immobilized via monodentate thiol ligands and the need for stable immobilization strategies in the development of sensor technologies based on QDs. Multi-dentate immobilization was able to withstand washing protocols, and surface ligand exchange occurred via self-assembly through the zinc-metal affinity interaction. Atomic force and scanning electron microscopy images suggested that the QDs were immobilized at high density, approximately 2-4 x 10 (13) cm (-2). It was possible to immobilize one, two, or three colors of QD. Upon immobilization, 1-2 nm bathochromic shifts in the PL spectra were observed. This was attributed to both ligand exchange and the change in local environment. The change in environment was accompanied by a decrease in PL lifetime. Self-assembly of immobilized QD-oligonucleotide and QD-avidin conjugates was also demonstrated. These conjugates were able to hybridize with complementary oligonucleotide and bind biotin, respectively. This versatile immobilization chemistry is an important step in the development of surface-based QD nanosensors. Such technology requires QDs to be immobilized such that they remain accessible to target molecules in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Russ Algar
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto, Mississauga ON L5L 1C6, Canada
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Gokarna A, Jin LH, Hwang JS, Cho YH, Lim YT, Chung BH, Youn SH, Choi DS, Lim JH. Quantum dot-based protein micro- and nanoarrays for detection of prostate cancer biomarkers. Proteomics 2008; 8:1809-18. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200701072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tang L, Zhu Y, Yang X, Sun J, Li C. Self-assembled CNTs/CdS/dehydrogenase hybrid-based amperometric biosensor triggered by photovoltaic effect. Biosens Bioelectron 2008; 24:319-23. [PMID: 18502113 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Revised: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel multi-components hybrid material, self-assembled quantum dots (CdS) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) onto multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs), was designed for amperometric biosensing system. The zeta-potential and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses confirmed the uniform growth of the CdS/GDH onto carboxyl-functionalized CNTs. Compared with the single CdS, the resulting hybrid material showed more efficient generation of photocurrent upon illumination. The incident light excites CdS and generates charge carriers, and then CNTs facilitates the charge transfer. For dehydrogenase-based biosensor, normally, the cofactor of beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) or beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP(+)) is necessary. Furthermore, we found the photovoltaic effect of CNTs/CdS/GDH can trigger the dehydrogenase enzymatic reaction in the absence of the NAD(+) or NADP(+) cofactors. The electrochemical experiment results also demonstrate that the cofactor-independent dehydrogenase biosensing system had series attractive characteristics, such as a good sensitivity (11.9 nA/microM), lower detection limit (up to 50 nM), an acceptable reproducibility and stability. These studies aid in understanding the combination of the semiconductor nanohybrids (CNTs/QDs, etc.) and biomolecules (enzymes, etc.), which has potential for the applications in biosensor, biofuel cell, biomedical and other bioelectronics field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhua Tang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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35
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Seetharam RN, Szuchmacher Blum A, Soto CM, Whitley JL, Sapsford KE, Chatterji A, Lin T, Johnson JE, Guerra C, Satir P, Ratna BR. Long term storage of virus templated fluorescent materials for sensing applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:105504. [PMID: 21817702 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/10/105504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Wild type, mutant, and chemically modified Cowpea mosaic viruses (CPMV) were studied for long term preservation in the presence and absence of cryoprotectants. Viral complexes were reconstituted and tested via fluorescence spectroscopy and a UV/vis-based RNase assay for structural integrity. When viruses lyophilized in the absence of cryoprotectant were rehydrated and RNase treated, UV absorption increased, indicating that the capsids were damaged. The addition of trehalose during lyophilization protected capsid integrity for at least 7 weeks. Measurements of the fluorescence peak maximum of CPMV lyophilized with trehalose and reconstituted also indicate that the virus remained intact. Microarray binding assays indicated that CPMV particles chemically modified for use as a fluorescent tracer were intact and retained binding specificity after lyophilization in the presence of trehalose. Thus, we demonstrate that functionalized CPMV nanostructures can be stored for the long term, enabling their use in practical sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raviraja N Seetharam
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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36
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Microcontact printing of quantum dot bioconjugate arrays for localized capture and detection of biomolecules. Biomed Microdevices 2008; 10:367-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-007-9144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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37
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Optical Fiber Sensing Using Quantum Dots. SENSORS 2007; 7:3489-3534. [PMID: 28903308 PMCID: PMC3841909 DOI: 10.3390/s7123489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the application of semiconductor nanocrystals, or quantumdots, as biochemical sensors are reviewed. Quantum dots have unique optical properties thatmake them promising alternatives to traditional dyes in many luminescence basedbioanalytical techniques. An overview of the more relevant progresses in the application ofquantum dots as biochemical probes is addressed. Special focus will be given toconfigurations where the sensing dots are incorporated in solid membranes and immobilizedin optical fibers or planar waveguide platforms.
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38
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Algar WR, Krull UJ. Quantum dots as donors in fluorescence resonance energy transfer for the bioanalysis of nucleic acids, proteins, and other biological molecules. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 391:1609-18. [PMID: 17987281 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1703-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2007] [Revised: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) have a number of unique optical properties that are advantageous in the development of bioanalyses based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Researchers have used QDs as energy donors in FRET schemes for the analysis of nucleic acids, proteins, proteases, haptens, and other small molecules. This paper reviews these applications of QDs. Existing FRET technologies can potentially be improved by using QDs as energy donors instead of conventional fluorophores. Superior brightness, resistance to photobleaching, greater optimization of FRET efficiency, and/or simplified multiplexing are possible with QD donors. The applicability of the Förster formalism to QDs and the feasibility of using QDs as energy acceptors are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Russ Algar
- Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd. North, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
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39
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Jie G, Liu B, Pan H, Zhu JJ, Chen HY. CdS Nanocrystal-Based Electrochemiluminescence Biosensor for the Detection of Low-Density Lipoprotein by Increasing Sensitivity with Gold Nanoparticle Amplification. Anal Chem 2007; 79:5574-81. [PMID: 17614363 DOI: 10.1021/ac062357c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mercaptoacetic acid (RSH)-capped CdS nanocrystals (NCs) was demonstrated to be electrochemically reduced during potential scan and react with the coreactant S2O8(2-) to generate strong electrochemiluminescence (ECL) in aqueous solution. Based on the ECL of CdS NCs, a novel label-free ECL biosensor for the detection of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) has been developed by using self-assembly and gold nanoparticle amplification techniques. The biosensor was prepared as follows: The gold nanoparticles were first assembled onto a cysteamine monolayer on the gold electrode surface. This gold nanoparticle-covered electrode was next treated with cysteine and then reacted with CdS NCs to afford a CdS NC-electrode. Finally, apoB-100 (ligand of LDL receptor) was covalently conjugated to the CdS NC-electrode. The modification procedure was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy, respectively. The resulting modified electrode was tested as ECL biosensor for LDL detection. The LDL concentration was measured through the decrease in ECL intensity resulting from the specific binding of LDL to apoB-100. The ECL peak intensity of the biosensor decreased linearly with LDL concentration in the range of 0.025-16 ng mL-1 with a detection limit of 0.006 ng mL-1. The CdS NCs not only showed high ECL intensity and good biocompatibility but also could provide more binding sites for apoB-100 loading. In addition, the gold nanoparticle amplification for protein ECL analysis was applied to the improvement of the detection sensitivity. Thus, the biosensor exhibited high sensitivity, good reproducibility, rapid response, and long-term stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifen Jie
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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40
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Medintz IL, Sapsford KE, Clapp AR, Pons T, Higashiya S, Welch JT, Mattoussi H. Designer variable repeat length polypeptides as scaffolds for surface immobilization of quantum dots. J Phys Chem B 2007; 110:10683-90. [PMID: 16771314 DOI: 10.1021/jp060611z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the use of a series of engineered, variable-length de novo polypeptides to discretely immobilize luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals or quantum dots (QDs) onto functional surfaces. The polypeptides express N-terminal dicysteine and C-terminal hexahistidine residues that flank a variable number (1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, or 35) of core beta-strand repeats, with tyrosine, glutamic acid, histidine, and lysine residues located at the turns. Polypeptides have molecular weights ranging from 4 to 83 kDa and retain a rigid structure based on the antiparallel beta-sheet motif. We first use a series of dye-labeled polypeptides to test and characterize their self-assembly onto hydrophilic CdSe-ZnS QDs using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Results indicate that peptides maintain their beta-sheet conformation after self-assembly onto the QD surfaces, regardless of their length. We then immobilize biotinylated derivatives of these polypeptides on a NeutrAvidin-functionalized substrate and use them to capture QDs via specific interactions between the peptides' polyhistidine residues and the nanocrystal surface. We found that each of the polypeptides was able to efficiently capture QDs, with a clear correlation between the density of the surface-tethered peptide and the capacity for nanocrystal capture. The versatility of this capture strategy is highlighted by the creation of a variety of one- and two-dimensional polypeptide-QD structures as well as a self-assembled surface-immobilized FRET-based nutrient sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor L Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.
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41
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Zin MT, Munro AM, Gungormus M, Wong NY, Ma H, Tamerler C, Ginger DS, Sarikaya M, Jen AKY. Peptide-mediated surface-immobilized quantum dot hybrid nanoassemblies with controlled photoluminescence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b615010a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Delehanty JB, Medintz IL, Pons T, Dawson PE, Brunel FM, Mattoussi H. Self-assembled quantum dot-peptide bioconjugates for selective intracellular delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2006; 17:920-7. [PMID: 16848398 PMCID: PMC2519024 DOI: 10.1021/bc060044i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the use of self-assembled luminescent semiconductor quantum dot (QD)-peptide bioconjugates for the selective intracellular labeling of several eukaryotic cell lines. A bifunctional oligoarginine cell penetrating peptide (based on the HIV-1 Tat protein motif) bearing a terminal polyhistidine tract was synthesized and used to facilitate the transmembrane delivery of the QD bioconjugates. The polyhistidine sequence allows the peptide to self-assemble onto the QD surface via metal-affinity interactions while the oligoarginine sequence allows specific QD delivery across the cellular membrane and intracellular labeling as compared to nonconjugated QDs. This peptide-driven delivery is concentration-dependent and thus can be titrated. Upon internalization, QDs display a punctate-like staining pattern in which some, but not all, of the QD signal is colocalized within endosomes. The effects of constant versus limited exposure to QD-peptide conjugates on cellular viability are evaluated by a metabolic specific assay, and clear differences in cytotoxicity are observed. The efficacy of using peptides for selective intracellular delivery is highlighted by performing a multicolor QD labeling, where we found that the presence or absence of peptide on the QD surface controls cellular uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B. Delehanty
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: . Phone: 202-767-0291. Fax: 202-767-9594; . Phone 202-767-9473. Fax: 202-404-8114
| | - Igor L. Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375
| | - Thomas Pons
- Optical Sciences Division, Code 5611, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Philip E. Dawson
- Departments of Cell Biology & Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Florence M. Brunel
- Departments of Cell Biology & Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Hedi Mattoussi
- Optical Sciences Division, Code 5611, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: . Phone: 202-767-0291. Fax: 202-767-9594; . Phone 202-767-9473. Fax: 202-404-8114
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Wei Q, Lee M, Yu X, Lee EK, Seong GH, Choo J, Cho YW. Development of an open sandwich fluoroimmunoassay based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Anal Biochem 2006; 358:31-7. [PMID: 16989766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2006.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2006] [Revised: 08/11/2006] [Accepted: 08/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a sensitive, one-step, homogeneous open sandwich fluoroimmunoassay (OsFIA) based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and luminescent semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). In this FRET assay, estrogen receptor beta (ER-beta) antigen was incubated with QD-labeled anti-ER-beta monoclonal antibody and Alexa Fluor (AF)-labeled anti-ER polyclonal antibody for 30 min, followed by FRET measurement. The dye separation distance was estimated between 80 and 90 A. The current method is rapid, simple, and highly sensitive, and it did not require the bound/free reagent separation steps and solid-phase carriers. A concentration as low as 0.05 nM (2.65 ng/ml) receptor was detected with linearity. In addition, the assay was performed with commercial antibodies. This assay provides a convenient alternative to conventional, laborious sandwich immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quande Wei
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 530080, People's Republic of China
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44
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Sapsford KE, Berti L, Medintz IL. Materialien für den resonanten Fluoreszenzenergietransfer (FRET): jenseits klassischer Donor-Acceptor-Kombinationen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200503873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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45
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Sapsford KE, Berti L, Medintz IL. Materials for Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Analysis: Beyond Traditional Donor–Acceptor Combinations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:4562-89. [PMID: 16819760 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200503873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1024] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The use of Förster or fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) as a spectroscopic technique has been in practice for over 50 years. A search of ISI Web of Science with just the acronym "FRET" returns more than 2300 citations from various areas such as structural elucidation of biological molecules and their interactions, in vitro assays, in vivo monitoring in cellular research, nucleic acid analysis, signal transduction, light harvesting and metallic nanomaterials. The advent of new classes of fluorophores including nanocrystals, nanoparticles, polymers, and genetically encoded proteins, in conjunction with ever more sophisticated equipment, has been vital in this development. This review gives a critical overview of the major classes of fluorophore materials that may act as donor, acceptor, or both in a FRET configuration. We focus in particular on the benefits and limitations of these materials and their combinations, as well as the available methods of bioconjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim E Sapsford
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6910, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA
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Medintz IL, Clapp AR, Brunel FM, Tiefenbrunn T, Uyeda HT, Chang EL, Deschamps JR, Dawson PE, Mattoussi H. Proteolytic activity monitored by fluorescence resonance energy transfer through quantum-dot-peptide conjugates. NATURE MATERIALS 2006; 5:581-9. [PMID: 16799548 DOI: 10.1038/nmat1676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2006] [Accepted: 05/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Proteases are enzymes that catalyse the breaking of specific peptide bonds in proteins and polypeptides. They are heavily involved in many normal biological processes as well as in diseases, including cancer, stroke and infection. In fact, proteolytic activity is sometimes used as a marker for some cancer types. Here we present luminescent quantum dot (QD) bioconjugates designed to detect proteolytic activity by fluorescence resonance energy transfer. To achieve this, we developed a modular peptide structure which allowed us to attach dye-labelled substrates for the proteases caspase-1, thrombin, collagenase and chymotrypsin to the QD surface. The fluorescence resonance energy transfer efficiency within these nanoassemblies is easily controlled, and proteolytic assays were carried out under both excess enzyme and excess substrate conditions. These assays provide quantitative data including enzymatic velocity, Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters, and mechanisms of enzymatic inhibition. We also screened a number of inhibitory compounds against the QD-thrombin conjugate. This technology is not limited to sensing proteases, but may be amenable to monitoring other enzymatic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor L Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA.
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Pan B, Gao F, He R, Cui D, Zhang Y. Study on interaction between poly(amidoamine) dendrimer and CdSe nanocrystal in chloroform. J Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 297:151-6. [PMID: 16242137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2005] [Revised: 09/23/2005] [Accepted: 09/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The binding of different categories of molecules to quantum dot has been studied for many years through different spectroscopic techniques to elucidate details of binding mechanism. In this work we present the results of the study of the interactions between CdSe and poly(amidoamine) dendrimer monitored by photoluminescence spectroscopy of CdSe in chloroform. Dendrimers with different terminal groups and different generations were used to bind with CdSe nanocrystal of different size. Significant differences in the values of binding constant Kb(n) and K(SV) were found in these experiments. The binding constant for poly(amidoamine) dendrimer of generation 4.0 is higher as compared to generation 3.5. The interaction of CdSe with poly(amidoamine) dendrimer shows an increase of binding constants with increasing dendrimer generation from 2.0 to 4.0, as well as with decreasing CdSe diameter. From HRTEM and FTIR analysis, we suggest that dendrimer/CdSe interactions are primarily hydrogen-bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bifeng Pan
- Department of Bio-Nano-Science and Engineering, National Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Fabrication Technology, Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China.
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Clapp AR, Medintz IL, Mattoussi H. Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Investigations Using Quantum-Dot Fluorophores. Chemphyschem 2006; 7:47-57. [PMID: 16370019 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200500217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), which involves the nonradiative transfer of excitation energy from an excited donor fluorophore to a proximal ground-state acceptor fluorophore, is a well-characterized photophysical tool. It is very sensitive to nanometer-scale changes in donor-acceptor separation distance and their relative dipole orientations. It has found a wide range of applications in analytical chemistry, protein conformation studies, and biological assays. Luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots, QDs) are inorganic fluorophores with unique optical and spectroscopic properties that could enhance FRET as an analytical tool, due to broad excitation spectra and tunable narrow and symmetric photoemission. Recently, there have been several FRET investigations using luminescent QDs that focused on addressing basic fundamental questions, as well as developing targeted applications with potential use in biology, including sensor design and protein conformation studies. Herein, we provide a critical review of those developments. We discuss some of the basic aspects of FRET applied to QDs as both donors and acceptors, and highlight some of the advantages offered (and limitations encountered) by QDs as energy donors and acceptors compared to conventional dyes. We also review the recent developments made in using QD bioreceptor conjugates to design FRET-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R Clapp
- US Naval Research Laboratory, Optical Sciences Division, Code 5611, Washington, DC 20375, USA
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Medintz IL, Sapsford KE, Konnert JH, Chatterji A, Lin T, Johnson JE, Mattoussi H. Decoration of discretely immobilized cowpea mosaic virus with luminescent quantum dots. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:5501-10. [PMID: 15924481 DOI: 10.1021/la0468287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This report describes two related methods for decorating cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) with luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots, QDs). Variants of CPMV are immobilized on a substrate functionalized with NeutrAvidin using modifications of biotin-avidin binding chemistry in combination with metal affinity coordination. For example, using CPMV mutants expressing available 6-histidine sequences inserted at loops on the viral coat protein, we show that these virus particles can be specifically immobilized on NeutrAvidin functionalized substrates in a controlled fashion via metal-affinity coordination. To accomplish this, a hetero-bifunctional biotin-NTA moiety, activated with nickel, is used as the linker for surface immobilization of CPMV (bridging the CPMVs' histidines to the NeutrAvidin). Two linking chemistries are then employed to achieve CPMV decoration with hydrophilic CdSe-ZnS core-shell QDs; they target the histidine or lysine residues on the exterior virus surface and utilize biotin-avidin interactions. In the first scheme, QDs are immobilized on the surface-tethered CPMV via electrostatic attachment to avidin previously bound to the virus particle. In the second strategy, the lysine residues common to each viral surface asymmetric unit are chemically functionalized with biotin groups and the biotinylated CPMV is discretely immobilized onto the substrate via NeutrAvidin-biotin interactions. The biotin units on the upper exposed surface of the immobilized CPMV then serve as capture sites for QDs conjugated with a mixture of avidin and a second protein, maltose binding protein, which is also used for QD-protein conjugate purification. Characterization of the assembled CPMV and QD structures is presented, and the potential uses for protein-coated QDs functionalized onto this symmetrical virion nanoscaffold are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor L Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering Code 6900, Laboratory for the Structure of Matter Code 6812, Washington, DC 20375, USA
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