1
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Nasir T, Shao L, Han Y, Beanland R, Bartlett PN, Hector AL. Mesoporous silica films as hard templates for electrodeposition of nanostructured gold. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:4798-4808. [PMID: 36545395 PMCID: PMC9642781 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00512c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanostructures have widespread applications in fields including materials science, electronics and catalysis. Mesoporous silica films synthesised by evaporation induced self-assembly and electrochemically assisted self-assembly with pores below 10 nm were used as hard templates for the electrodeposition of Au nanostructures. Electrodeposition conditions were optimised based on pore orientation and size. The growth of nanostructures was initiated at the electrode surface as confirmed by microscopy. The hard templates and Au electrodeposits were characterised electrochemically as well as with X-ray diffraction, small angle scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Finally, mesoporous silica hard templates were removed by hydrofluoric acid etching and stable Au nanoparticles on different electrode surfaces were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tauqir Nasir
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Li Shao
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Yisong Han
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Richard Beanland
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Philip N Bartlett
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Andrew L Hector
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
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2
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Guselnikova O, Lim H, Kim HJ, Kim SH, Gorbunova A, Eguchi M, Postnikov P, Nakanishi T, Asahi T, Na J, Yamauchi Y. New Trends in Nanoarchitectured SERS Substrates: Nanospaces, 2D Materials, and Organic Heterostructures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107182. [PMID: 35570326 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews recent fabrication methods for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates with a focus on advanced nanoarchitecture based on noble metals with special nanospaces (round tips, gaps, and porous spaces), nanolayered 2D materials, including hybridization with metallic nanostructures (NSs), and the contemporary repertoire of nanoarchitecturing with organic molecules. The use of SERS for multidisciplinary applications has been extensively investigated because the considerably enhanced signal intensity enables the detection of a very small number of molecules with molecular fingerprints. Nanoarchitecture strategies for the design of new NSs play a vital role in developing SERS substrates. In this review, recent achievements with respect to the special morphology of metallic NSs are discussed, and future directions are outlined for the development of available NSs with reproducible preparation and well-controlled nanoarchitecture. Nanolayered 2D materials are proposed for SERS applications as an alternative to the noble metals. The modern solutions to existing limitations for their applications are described together with the state-of-the-art in bio/environmental SERS sensing using 2D materials-based composites. To complement the existing toolbox of plasmonic inorganic NSs, hybridization with organic molecules is proposed to improve the stability of NSs and selectivity of SERS sensing by hybridizing with small or large organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Guselnikova
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space Tectonics Project, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Hyunsoo Lim
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- New & Renewable Energy Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI), 25, Saenari-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13509, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jong Kim
- Surface Technology Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Kim
- New & Renewable Energy Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI), 25, Saenari-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13509, Republic of Korea
| | - Alina Gorbunova
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Miharu Eguchi
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space Tectonics Project, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Pavel Postnikov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Takuya Nakanishi
- Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University, 2-8-26 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-0051, Japan
| | - Toru Asahi
- Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University, 2-8-26 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-0051, Japan
| | - Jongbeom Na
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Research and Development (R&D) Division, Green Energy Institute, Mokpo, Jeollanamdo, 58656, Republic of Korea
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space Tectonics Project, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University, 2-8-26 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-0051, Japan
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3
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Unni M, Uhl A, Savliwala S, Savitzky BH, Dhavalikar R, Garraud N, Arnold DP, Kourkoutis LF, Andrew J, Rinaldi C. Thermal Decomposition Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Diminished Magnetic Dead Layer by Controlled Addition of Oxygen. ACS NANO 2017; 11:2284-2303. [PMID: 28178419 PMCID: PMC6004320 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Decades of research focused on size and shape control of iron oxide nanoparticles have led to methods of synthesis that afford excellent control over physical size and shape but comparatively poor control over magnetic properties. Popular synthesis methods based on thermal decomposition of organometallic precursors in the absence of oxygen have yielded particles with mixed iron oxide phases, crystal defects, and poorer than expected magnetic properties, including the existence of a thick "magnetically dead layer" experimentally evidenced by a magnetic diameter significantly smaller than the physical diameter. Here, we show how single-crystalline iron oxide nanoparticles with few defects and similar physical and magetic diameter distributions can be obtained by introducing molecular oxygen as one of the reactive species in the thermal decomposition synthesis. This is achieved without the need for any postsynthesis oxidation or thermal annealing. These results address a significant challenge in the synthesis of nanoparticles with predictable magnetic properties and could lead to advances in applications of magnetic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mythreyi Unni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Amanda Uhl
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Shehaab Savliwala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | | | - Rohan Dhavalikar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Nicolas Garraud
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - David P. Arnold
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Lena F. Kourkoutis
- Applied & Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jennifer Andrew
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Carlos Rinaldi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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4
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Conductometric sensor for ammonia and ethanol using gold nanoparticle-doped mesoporous TiO2. Mikrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-015-1577-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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5
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Bellino MG, Soler-Illia GJAA. Nano-designed enzyme-functionalized hierarchical metal-oxide mesoporous thin films: en route to versatile biofuel cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:2834-2743. [PMID: 24643955 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201302616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A versatile bioelectronic system is presented, based on Ag nanoparticle assemblies embedded into hierarchically mesoporous titania thin films on which electroactive enzymes are simply immobilized by a fast adsorption process. This strategy enables straightforward, cost effective, high-performance, thin-film enzymatic fuel cell technology with foreseeable applications in self-powered microfluidic and electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín G Bellino
- Gerencia Química, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, San Martín, B1650KNA, Argentina
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6
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Wolosiuk A, Tognalli NG, Martínez ED, Granada M, Fuertes MC, Troiani H, Bilmes SA, Fainstein A, Soler-Illia GJAA. Silver nanoparticle-mesoporous oxide nanocomposite thin films: a platform for spatially homogeneous SERS-active substrates with enhanced stability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:5263-5272. [PMID: 24621107 DOI: 10.1021/am500631f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a nanoparticle-mesoporous oxide thin film composite (NP-MOTF) as low-cost and straightforward sensing platforms for surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). Titania, zirconia, and silica mesoporous matrices templated with Pluronics F-127 were synthesized via evaporation-induced self-assembly and loaded with homogeneously dispersed Ag nanoparticles by soft reduction or photoreduction. Both methods give rise to uniform and reproducible Raman signals using 4-mercaptopyridine as a probe molecule. Details on stability and reproducibility of the Raman enhancement are discussed. Extensions in the design of these composite structures were explored including detection of nonthiolated molecules, such as rhodamine 6-G or salicylic acid, patterning techniques for locating the enhancement regions and bilayered mesoporous structures to provide additional control on the environment, and potential size-selective filtration. These inorganic oxide-metal composites stand as extremely simple, reproducible, and versatile platforms for Raman spectroscopy analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Wolosiuk
- Gerencia Química, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA) , Av. Gral Paz 1499 B1650KNA San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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7
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Kitahara M, Kuroda K. Preparation of highly controlled nanostructured Au within mesopores using reductive deposition in non-polar environments. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03641g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a sophisticated and unique method of Au deposition exclusively inside mesoporous silica, in clear contrast to conventional methods requiring surface modification with organic functional groups interacting with Au.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kitahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Waseda University
- Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kuroda
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Waseda University
- Tokyo, Japan
- Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology
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8
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DeSario PA, Pietron JJ, DeVantier DE, Brintlinger TH, Stroud RM, Rolison DR. Plasmonic enhancement of visible-light water splitting with Au-TiO2 composite aerogels. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:8073-8083. [PMID: 23877169 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr01429k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate plasmonic enhancement of visible-light-driven splitting of water at three-dimensionally (3D) networked gold-titania (Au-TiO2) aerogels. The sol-gel-derived ultraporous composite nanoarchitecture, which contains 1 to 8.5 wt% Au nanoparticles and titania in the anatase form, retains the high surface area and mesoporosity of unmodified TiO2 aerogels and maintains stable dispersion of the ~5 nm Au guests. A broad surface plasmon resonance (SPR) feature centered at ~550 nm is present for the Au-TiO2 aerogels, but not Au-free TiO2 aerogels, and spans a wide range of the visible spectrum. Gold-derived SPR in Au-TiO2 aerogels cast as films on transparent electrodes drives photoelectrochemical oxidation of aqueous hydroxide and extends the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 from the ultraviolet region to visible wavelengths exceeding 700 nm. Films of Au-TiO2 aerogels in which Au nanoparticles are deposited on pre-formed TiO2 aerogels by a deposition-precipitation method (DP Au/TiO2) also photoelectrochemically oxidize aqueous hydroxide, but less efficiently than 3D Au-TiO2, despite having an essentially identical Au nanoparticle weight fraction and size distribution. For example, 3D Au-TiO2 containing 1 wt% Au is as active as DP Au/TiO2 with 4 wt% Au. The higher photocatalytic activity of 3D Au-TiO2 derives only in part from its ability to retain the surface area and porosity of unmodified TiO2 aerogel. The magnitude of improvement indicates that in the 3D arrangement either a more accessible photoelectrochemical reaction interphase (three-phase boundary) exists or more efficient conversion of excited surface plasmons into charge carriers occurs, thereby amplifying reactivity over DP Au/TiO2. The difference in photocatalytic efficiency between the two forms of Au-TiO2 demonstrates the importance of defining the structure of Au[parallel]TiO2 interfaces within catalytic Au-TiO2 nanoarchitectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A DeSario
- Surface Chemistry Branch (Code 6170), U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
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9
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Kanno Y, Kuroda K. Formation of Au Nanostructure by Electrodeposition in a Mesoporous Silica Film with Interconnected Cage-Type Mesopores. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20120358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Kanno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University
| | - Kazuyuki Kuroda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University
- Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University
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10
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Bian Y, Wang X, Zeng Z, Hu Z. Preparation of ordered mesoporous TiO2
thin film and its application in methanol catalytic combustion. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Bian
- Department of Chemistry; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
- Institute of NanoMicroEnergy; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Chemistry; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
- Institute of NanoMicroEnergy; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Zhigang Zeng
- Department of Physics; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
- Institute of NanoMicroEnergy; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Zhiyu Hu
- Department of Physics; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
- Institute of NanoMicroEnergy; Shanghai University; Shanghai 200444 China
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11
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Pedrueza E, Sancho-Parramon J, Bosch S, Valdés JL, Martinez-Pastor JP. Plasmonic layers based on Au-nanoparticle-doped TiO2 for optoelectronics: structural and optical properties. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:065202. [PMID: 23339892 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/6/065202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The anti-reflective effect of dielectric coatings used in silicon solar cells has traditionally been the subject of intensive studies and practical applications. In recent years the interest has permanently grown in plasmonic layers based on metal nanoparticles, which are shown to increase light trapping in the underlying silicon. In the present work we have combined these two concepts by means of in situ synthesis of Au nanoparticles in a dielectric matrix (TiO2), which is commonly used as an anti-reflective coating in silicon solar cells, and added the third element: a 10-20% porosity in the matrix. The porosity is formed by means of a controllable wet etching by low concentration HF. As a consequence, the experimentally measured reflectance of silicon coated by such a plasmonic layer decreases to practically zero in a broad wavelength region around the localized surface plasmon resonance. Furthermore, we demonstrate that extinction and reflectance spectra of silicon coated by the plasmonic films can be successfully accounted for by means of Fresnel formulae, in which a double refractive index of the metal-dielectric material is used. This double refractive index cannot be explained by effective medium theory (Maxwell-Garnett, for example) and appears when the contribution of Au nanoparticles located at the TiO2/Si interface is high enough to result in formation of interface surface plasmon modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pedrueza
- UMDO, Instituto de Ciencia de los Materiales, Universidad de Valencia, PO Box 22085, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
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12
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Vuorema A, Sillanpää M, Edler KJ, Jaber R, Dale SEC, Bending S, Gu Y, Yunus K, Fisher AC, Marken F. Mesoporous Silica Sputter-Coated onto ITO: Electrochemical Processes, Ion Permeability, and Gold Deposition Through NanoPores. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201200141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Soler-Illia GJAA, Angelomé PC, Fuertes MC, Grosso D, Boissiere C. Critical aspects in the production of periodically ordered mesoporous titania thin films. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:2549-66. [PMID: 22419250 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr11817c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Periodically ordered mesoporous titania thin films (MTTF) present a high surface area, controlled porosity in the 2-20 nm pore diameter range and an amorphous or crystalline inorganic framework. These materials are nowadays routinely prepared by combining soft chemistry and supramolecular templating. Photocatalytic transparent coatings and titania-based solar cells are the immediate promising applications. However, a wealth of new prospective uses have emerged on the horizon, such as advanced catalysts, perm-selective membranes, optical materials based on plasmonics and photonics, metamaterials, biomaterials or new magnetic nanocomposites. Current and novel applications rely on the ultimate control of the materials features such as pore size and geometry, surface functionality and wall structure. Even if a certain control of these characteristics has been provided by the methods reported so far, the needs for the next generation of MTTF require a deeper insight in the physical and chemical processes taking place in their preparation and processing. This article presents a critical discussion of these aspects. This discussion is essential to evolve from know-how to sound knowledge, aiming at a rational materials design of these fascinating systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galo J A A Soler-Illia
- Gerencia Química, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Av. Gral Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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14
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Mazinani B, Beitollahi A, Masrom AK, Yahya N, Choong TSY, Ibrahim SM, Javadpour J. Characterization and evaluation of the photocatalytic properties of wormhole-like mesoporous silica incorporating TiO2, prepared using different hydrothermal and calcination temperatures. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-012-0498-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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15
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Angelomé PC, Pastoriza-Santos I, Pérez-Juste J, Rodríguez-González B, Zelcer A, Soler-Illia GJAA, Liz-Marzán LM. Growth and branching of gold nanoparticles through mesoporous silica thin films. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:931-939. [PMID: 22193971 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr11547f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Composite materials made of mesoporous oxide thin films containing metallic nanoparticles are of high interest in various fields, including catalysis, biosensing and non-linear optics. We demonstrate in this work the fabrication of such composite materials containing a sub-monolayer of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) of various shapes covered with mesoporous silica thin films. Additionally, the shape of the GNPs (and thus their optical properties) can be modified in situ through seeded growth and branching. Such growth proceeds upon wetting with HAuCl(4) solution, a surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB) and a mild reducing agent (ascorbic acid, AA). The effect of varying several reaction parameters (time and CTAB and AA concentrations) was evaluated, showing that more anisotropic particles are obtained at longer reaction times, lower CTAB concentration and higher AA concentration. The final shape of the GNPs was also found to depend on their initial shape and size, as well as the pore size of the mesoporous film covering them. Because the growth proceeds through the pores of the film, it may lead to shapes that are not easily obtained in solution, such as particles with branches on one side only. Finally, we have confirmed that no damage was induced to the mesoporous silica structure during the growth process and thus the final particles remain well covered by the thin film, which can eventually be used as a filter between the GNPs and the outer medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula C Angelomé
- Departamento de Química Física-Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
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16
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Zavala-Rivera P, Channon K, Nguyen V, Sivaniah E, Kabra D, Friend RH, Nataraj SK, Al-Muhtaseb SA, Hexemer A, Calvo ME, Miguez H. Collective osmotic shock in ordered materials. NATURE MATERIALS 2011; 11:53-57. [PMID: 22120413 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Osmotic shock in a vesicle or cell is the stress build-up and subsequent rupture of the phospholipid membrane that occurs when a relatively high concentration of salt is unable to cross the membrane and instead an inflow of water alleviates the salt concentration gradient. This is a well-known failure mechanism for cells and vesicles (for example, hypotonic shock) and metal alloys (for example, hydrogen embrittlement). We propose the concept of collective osmotic shock, whereby a coordinated explosive fracture resulting from multiplexing the singular effects of osmotic shock at discrete sites within an ordered material results in regular bicontinuous structures. The concept is demonstrated here using self-assembled block copolymer micelles, yet it is applicable to organized heterogeneous materials where a minority component can be selectively degraded and solvated whilst ensconced in a matrix capable of plastic deformation. We discuss the application of these self-supported, perforated multilayer materials in photonics, nanofiltration and optoelectronics.
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17
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Perlich J, Memesa M, Diethert A, Metwalli E, Wang W, Roth SV, Gutmann JS, Müller-Buschbaum P. Layer-by-layer fabrication of an anatase titania multilayer with gradual sponge-like morphology. Colloid Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-011-2529-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Malfatti L, Falcaro P, Marmiroli B, Amenitsch H, Piccinini M, Falqui A, Innocenzi P. Nanocomposite mesoporous ordered films for lab-on-chip intrinsic surface enhanced Raman scattering detection. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:3760-3766. [PMID: 21826319 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10404g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous nanocomposite materials have been fabricated through integration of evaporation-induced self-assembly and deep X-ray lithography. Micropatterned films made using a mesoporous ordered silica matrix which contains silver nanoparticles have been obtained. The exposure of the mesoporous films to high energy X-rays, which are generated by a synchrotron source, produces several effects: the removal of the surfactant, the densification of the silica backbone and the formation of silver nanoparticles. This integrated process produces a nanocomposite material which has a 2D-hexagonal organized porosity and silver nanoparticles with a sharp size distribution around 5 nm. The patterned nanostructured films have been tested as a lab-on-chip device for intrinsic surface enhanced Raman scattering detection using a solution containing rhodamine 6G in ethanol and measuring Raman response as a function of laser power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Malfatti
- Laboratorio di Scienza dei Materiali e Nanotecnologie (LMNT), CR-INSTM, CNBS, Università di Sassari, Palazzo Pou Salid Piazza Duomo 6, 07041 Alghero SS, Italy
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19
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Jones MR, Osberg KD, Macfarlane RJ, Langille MR, Mirkin CA. Templated Techniques for the Synthesis and Assembly of Plasmonic Nanostructures. Chem Rev 2011; 111:3736-827. [DOI: 10.1021/cr1004452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 996] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Jones
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Kyle D. Osberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Robert J. Macfarlane
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Mark R. Langille
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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Takai A, Doi Y, Yamauchi Y, Kuroda K. A Rational Repeating Template Method for Synthesis of 2 D Hexagonally Ordered Mesoporous Precious Metals. Chem Asian J 2010; 6:881-7. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Calvo A, Fuertes MC, Yameen B, Williams FJ, Azzaroni O, Soler-Illia GJAA. Nanochemistry in confined environments: polyelectrolyte brush-assisted synthesis of gold nanoparticles inside ordered mesoporous thin films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:5559-5567. [PMID: 20166726 DOI: 10.1021/la9038304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A robust and straightforward strategy allowing the controlled confinement of metal nanoparticles within the 3D framework of mesoporous films is presented. The chemical methodology is based on the inner surface modification of mesoporous silica films with polyelectrolyte brushes. We demonstrate that the macromolecular building blocks significantly enhance the site-selective preconcentration of nanoparticle precursors in the inner environment of the mesoporous film. Then, chemical reduction of the preconcentrated precursors led to the formation of metal nanoparticles locally addressed in the mesoporous structure. We show that the synergy taking place between two versatile functional nanobuilding blocks (ordered mesocavities and polymer brushes) can produce stable embedded nanoparticles with tuned optical properties in a very simple manner. As a general framework, the strategy can be easily adapted to different sets of polymer brushes and mesoporous films in order to regulate the monomer-precursor interactions and, consequently, manipulate the site-selective character of the different chemistries taking place in the film. We consider that the "integrative chemistry" approach described in this work provides new pathways to manipulate the physicochemical characteristics of hybrid organic-inorganic advanced functional assemblies based on the rational design of chemistry and topology in confined environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Calvo
- Gerencia de Química, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
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22
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He C, Tian B, Zhang J. Thermally stable SiO2-doped mesoporous anatase TiO2 with large surface area and excellent photocatalytic activity. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 344:382-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Revised: 12/30/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Bois L, Chassagneux F, Battie Y, Bessueille F, Mollet L, Parola S, Destouches N, Toulhoat N, Moncoffre N. Chemical growth and photochromism of silver nanoparticles into a mesoporous titania template. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:1199-1206. [PMID: 20067316 DOI: 10.1021/la902339j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Elaboration of mesoporous titanium oxide film supporting silver nanoparticles is described. Mesoporous titanium oxide films are characterized by TEM analysis. Titania films are infiltrated with a silver salt solution and chemical reduction treatments are performed using either a NaBH(4) or a formaldehyde solution. Infiltrated films are then characterized by TEM, SEM, AFM, UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS). The utilization of a mesoporous titania substrate allows to control the nanoparticle size and the interparticle distance. RBS experiments provide the evidence that NaBH(4) treatment induces a strong accumulation of silver nanoparticles in the subsurface of the layer, while formaldehyde treatment induces the formation of silver nanoparticles embedded into almost the whole depth of the titania film. Large silver nanocrystals are also formed at the film surface whatever the reducer used. A broad visible absorption band related to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is obtained in both cases and is strongly red-shifted compared to the SPR obtained for silver nanoparticles inside a silica matrix. Moreover, irradiation with visible light causes the photooxidation of silver nanoparticles by titania and a complete discoloration of the material. The photooxidation is related to a drastic decrease in the silver nanoparticle size and is found to be reversible, particularly in the case of the material obtained by the formaldehyde reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Bois
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, 43 Boulevard 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
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24
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Angelomé PC, Andrini L, Fuertes MC, Requejo FG, Soler-Illia GJ. Large-pore mesoporous titania-silica thin films (Ti1−xSixO2, 0.1≤x≤0.9) with highly interdispersed mixed oxide frameworks. CR CHIM 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Martínez ED, Granja L, Bellino MG, Soler-Illia GJAA. Electrical conductivity in patterned silver–mesoporous titania nanocomposite thin films: towards robust 3D nano-electrodes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:14445-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00824a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Peng J, Mao C, Kim J, Kim DH. From Nanodot to Nanowire: Hybrid Au/Titania Nanoarrays by Block Copolymer Templates. Macromol Rapid Commun 2009; 30:1857-61. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200900209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Revised: 06/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Martínez ED, Bellino MG, Soler-Illia GJAA. Patterned production of silver-mesoporous titania nanocomposite thin films using lithography-assisted metal reduction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2009; 1:746-749. [PMID: 20355998 DOI: 10.1021/am900018j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A simple method that allows selective positioning of nanoparticles into mesoporous monolayer or multilayer thin films is presented. This technique applies UV lithography in order to bring about in situ light-induced reduction of silver in templated cavities of TiO2. The nanoparticle lithography presented here provides a novel approach to hierarchical lithography patterning for multifunctional devices.
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Perlich J, Memesa M, Diethert A, Metwalli E, Wang W, Roth SV, Timmann A, Gutmann JS, Müller-Buschbaum P. Preservation of the Morphology of a Self-Encapsulated Thin Titania Film in a Functional Multilayer Stack: An X-Ray Scattering Study. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:799-805. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200800800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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29
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Fuertes MC, Marchena M, Marchi MC, Wolosiuk A, Soler-Illia GJAA. Controlled deposition of silver nanoparticles in mesoporous single- or multilayer thin films: from tuned pore filling to selective spatial location of nanometric objects. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2009; 5:272-80. [PMID: 19115355 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200800894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticle assemblies are embedded within mesoporous oxide thin films by an in situ mild reduction leading to nanoparticle-mesoporous oxide thin-film composites (NP@MOTF). A quantitative method based on X-ray reflectivity is developed and validated with energy dispersive spectroscopy in order to assess pore filling. The use of dilute formaldehyde solutions leads to control over the formation of silver nanoparticles within mesoporous titania films. Inclusion of silver nanoparticles in mesoporous silica requires more drastic conditions. This difference in reactivity can be exploited to selectively synthesize nanoparticles in a predetermined layer of a multilayered mesoporous stack leading to complex 1D-ordered multilayers with precise spatial location of nanometric objects. The metal oxide nanocomposites synthesized have potential applications in catalysis, optical devices, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and metal enhancement fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Fuertes
- Gerencia de Química, CNEA, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, San Martín, Argentina
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30
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Cui F, Hua Z, Wei C, Li J, Gao Z, Shi J. Highly dispersed Au nanoparticles incorporated mesoporous TiO2 thin films with ultrahigh Au content. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b912016e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Osaka T, Iida H, Tominaka S, Hachisu T. New Trends in Nanoparticles: Syntheses and Their Applications to Fuel Cells, Health Care, and Magnetic Storage. Isr J Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1560/ijc.48.3-4.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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Koh CW, Lee UH, Song JK, Lee HR, Kim MH, Suh M, Kwon YU. Mesoporous Titania Thin Film with Highly Ordered and Fully Accessible Vertical Pores and Crystalline Walls. Chem Asian J 2008; 3:862-7. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200700331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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33
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Perlich J, Schulz L, Abul Kashem MM, Cheng YJ, Memesa M, Gutmann JS, Roth SV, Müller-Buschbaum P. Modification of the morphology of P(S-b-EO) templated thin TiO2 films by swelling with PS homopolymer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:10299-306. [PMID: 17760470 DOI: 10.1021/la701412q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
For the controlled modification of sol-gel-templated polymer nanocomposites, which are transferred to a nanostructured, crystalline TiO2 phase by a calcination process, the addition of a single homopolymer was investigated. For the preparation, the homopolymer polystyrene (PS) is added in different amounts to the diblock copolymer P(S-b-EO) acting as a templating agent. The homopolymer/diblock copolymer blend system is combined with sol-gel chemistry to provide and attach the TiO2 nanoparticles to the diblock copolymer. So-called good-poor solvent-pair-induced phase separation leads to the formation of nanostructures by film preparation via spin coating. The fabricated morphologies are studied as a function of added homopolymer before and after calcination with atomic force microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering. The observed behavior is discussed in the framework of controlling the block copolymer morphologies by the addition of homopolymers. At small homopolymer concentrations, the increase in homopolymer concentration changes the structure size, whereas at high homopolymer concentrations, a change in morphology is triggered. Thus, the behavior of a pure polymer system is transferred to a more complex hybrid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Perlich
- TU München, Physik-Department LS E13, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Chen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Samuel S. Mao
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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35
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Chen X, Mao SS. Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, Modifications, and Applications. Chem Rev 2007; 107:2891-959. [PMID: 17590053 DOI: 10.1021/cr0500535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4421] [Impact Index Per Article: 260.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Chen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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36
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Characterization of gold nanoparticles electrochemically deposited on amine-functioned mesoporous silica films and electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose. J Solid State Electrochem 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-007-0272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Yang P, Yang M, Zou S, Xie J, Yang W. Positive and Negative TiO2 Micropatterns on Organic Polymer Substrates. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:1541-52. [PMID: 17243675 DOI: 10.1021/ja063716o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ordered titanium dioxide (TiO2) films have received increasing attention because of their great potential in photocatalysis, energy conversion, and electrooptical techniques. Such films are often fabricated as coatings on various substrates such as silicon or a variety of polymers. Liquid-phase deposition (LPD) of TiO2 films is especially promising for organic substrates due to its very mild reaction conditions. In the present paper, LPD is conducted on a wettability-patterned polypropylene surface to fabricate positive and negative TiO2 micropatterns. A thin layer of ammonium persulfate in an aqueous solution was sandwiched between two biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films, and a photomask was employed to control the irradiation region. Within a short time interval, a high hydrophilicity could be obtained on the irradiation region, and an effective wettability contrast between the irradiated and unirradiated regions could be created to further induce the formation of two types of TiO2 micropatterns. Up until now, most approaches for micropatterning have been based on self-assembled monolayers on surfaces of gold (or other noble metals), silicon, and various polyesters. With the present method, however, there is no longer any limitation in the type of substrate used. Our work demonstrates that an anatase TiO2 film could be selectively deposited on a hydrophilic region, giving rise to a positive pattern with significant bonding strength and good line edge acuity, providing an effective solution toward the microfabrication on various inert polymer substrates. More surprisingly, we find, for the first time, that TiO2 could also be selectively retained on a hydrophobic region to form a negative pattern by simply adjusting the reaction conditions. Further analysis of the mechanism shows that, independent of the deposition conditions, the TiO2 deposition pattern changes gradually, from being initially negative to becoming positive as the deposition time increases. The surface functionality changes (from sulfate to hydroxyl groups) during the deposition, and the resulting difference in the affinity for TiO2 is used to interpret this negative-to-positive pattern change. Such negative patterns refute the conventional opinion that only hydrophilic regions favor the formation of TiO2 films and could be used to fabricate large areas (mm2) of interconnected TiO2 micronetworks. Such networks are difficult to obtain by conventional metallic masks, and the present method is expected to provide new strategies in the fabrication of flexible photomasks and macro/mesoporous TiO2 films. An example is given wherein a patterned photografting of poly(acrylic acid) on the surface of BOPP is achieved by using such a polymer-based photomask. The innovativeness of this method arises from its ability to provide negative patterning, whereas present related approaches have been found only to give positive patterns from an equivalent photomask. Unlike complex photolithography procedures, our irradiation and patterning process does not require the use of positive or negative photoresists, and should thus prove to be a simple, fast, and low-cost method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing 100029, China
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38
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Huang W, Chen H, Zuo JM. One-dimensional self-assembly of metallic nanostructures on single-walled carbon-nanotube bundles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2006; 2:1418-21. [PMID: 17192997 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200600241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Federick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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39
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Shen S, Guo L. Structural, textural and photocatalytic properties of quantum-sized In2S3-sensitized Ti-MCM-41 prepared by ion-exchange and sulfidation methods. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2006.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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40
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41
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Yuan S, Sheng Q, Zhang J, Chen F, Anpo M, Dai W. Synthesis of Pd Nanoparticles in La-doped Mesoporous Titania with Polycrystalline Framework. Catal Letters 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-005-9726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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42
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Shchukin DG, Möhwald H. Urea photosynthesis inside polyelectrolyte capsules: effect of confined media. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:5582-7. [PMID: 15924493 DOI: 10.1021/la050429+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the restricted volume of poly(styrene sulfonate)/poly(allylamine hydrochloride) capsules of different size (2.2, 4.2, and 8.1 microm) on the TiO2-assisted photosynthesis of urea from inorganic precursors (CO2 and NO(3-)) in aqueous solution was demonstrated. Poly(vinyl alcohol) was employed as electron donor to facilitate the photosynthetic process. Decreasing the size of the confined microvolume of polyelectrolyte capsules accelerates the NO(3-) photoreduction, which is a limiting stage of the urea photosynthesis and, correspondingly, increases the efficiency of urea production. The highest yield of urea photosynthesis (37%) was achieved for Cu-modified TiO2 nanoparticles encapsulated inside 2.2 microm poly(styrene sulfonate)/poly(allylamine hydrochloride) capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry G Shchukin
- Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, D14424 Potsdam, Germany.
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43
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Electron Transfer Kinetics at a Liquid Phase Deposited Mesoporous TiO2 Film Seeded with Gold Nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1149/1.1883869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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44
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Ueji M, Harada M, Kimura Y. Au/Rh Nanoparticles Synthesized under High Temperatures and High Pressures. CHEM LETT 2005. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2005.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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45
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Hong Pan J, In Lee W. Selective control of cubic and hexagonal mesophases for titania and silica thin films with spin-coating. NEW J CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.1039/b417310d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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