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Mana T, Kundu J, Lahiri H, Bera S, Kolay J, Sinha S, Mukhopadhyay R. Molecularly resolved, label-free nucleic acid sensing at solid-liquid interface using non-ionic DNA analogues. RSC Adv 2022; 12:9263-9274. [PMID: 35424880 PMCID: PMC8985177 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00386d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based biosensors, where the capture probe is a nucleic acid, e.g., DNA or its synthetic analogue xeno nucleic acid (XNA), offer interesting ways of eliciting clinically relevant information from hybridization/dehybridization signals. In this respect, the application of XNA probes is attractive since the drawbacks of DNA probes might be overcome. Within the XNA probe repertoire, peptide nucleic acid (PNA) and morpholino (MO) are promising since their backbones are non-ionic. Therefore, in the absence of electrostatic charge repulsion between the capture probe and the target nucleic acid, a stable duplex can be formed. In addition, these are nuclease-resistant probes. Herein, we have tested the molecularly resolved nucleic acid sensing capacity of PNA and MO capture probes using a fluorescent label-free single molecule force spectroscopy approach. As far as single nucleobase mismatch discrimination is concerned, both PNA and MO performed better than DNA, while the performance of the MO probe was the best. We propose that the conformationally more rigid backbone of MO, compared to the conformationally flexible PNA, is an advantage for MO, since the probe orientation can be made more upright on the surface and therefore MO can be more effectively accessed by the target sequences. The performance of the XNA probes has been compared to that of the DNA probe, using fixed nucleobase sequences, so that the effect of backbone variation could be investigated. To our knowledge, this is the first report on molecularly resolved nucleic acid sensing by non-ionic capture probes, here, MO and PNA. Improved nucleic acid sensing in terms of single nucleobase mismatch discrimination, as achieved by the surface-confined non-ionic PNA and MO capture probes, is exemplified by single molecule force spectroscopy.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Mana
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Jadavpur Kolkata 700 032 India +91 33 2473 2805 +91 33 2473 4971 extn 1506
| | - Jayanta Kundu
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Jadavpur Kolkata 700 032 India
| | - Hiya Lahiri
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Jadavpur Kolkata 700 032 India +91 33 2473 2805 +91 33 2473 4971 extn 1506
| | - Sudipta Bera
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Jadavpur Kolkata 700 032 India +91 33 2473 2805 +91 33 2473 4971 extn 1506
| | - Jayeeta Kolay
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Jadavpur Kolkata 700 032 India +91 33 2473 2805 +91 33 2473 4971 extn 1506
| | - Surajit Sinha
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Jadavpur Kolkata 700 032 India
| | - Rupa Mukhopadhyay
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Jadavpur Kolkata 700 032 India +91 33 2473 2805 +91 33 2473 4971 extn 1506
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Zhang J, Yan Y, Samai S, Ginger DS. Dynamic Melting Properties of Photoswitch-Modified DNA: Shearing versus Unzipping. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:10706-10713. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b08297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yunqi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Soumyadyuti Samai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David S. Ginger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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3
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Karatay DU, Zhang J, Harrison JS, Ginger DS. Classifying Force Spectroscopy of DNA Pulling Measurements Using Supervised and Unsupervised Machine Learning Methods. J Chem Inf Model 2016; 56:621-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Durmus U. Karatay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jeffrey S. Harrison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David S. Ginger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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Mishra S, Lahiri H, Banerjee S, Mukhopadhyay R. Molecularly resolved label-free sensing of single nucleobase mismatches by interfacial LNA probes. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:3739-49. [PMID: 27025649 PMCID: PMC4856997 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
So far, there has been no report on molecularly resolved discrimination of single nucleobase mismatches using surface-confined single stranded locked nucleic acid (ssLNA) probes. Herein, it is exemplified using a label-independent force-sensing approach that an optimal coverage of 12-mer ssLNA sensor probes formed onto gold(111) surface allows recognition of ssDNA targets with twice stronger force sensitivity than 12-mer ssDNA sensor probes. The force distributions are reproducible and the molecule-by-molecule force measurements are largely in agreement with ensemble on-surface melting temperature data. Importantly, the molecularly resolved detection is responsive to the presence of single nucleobase mismatches in target sequences. Since the labelling steps can be eliminated from protocol, and each force-based detection event occurs within milliseconds' time scale, the force-sensing assay is potentially capable of rapid detection. The LNA probe performance is indicative of versatility in terms of substrate choice - be it gold (for basic research and array-based applications) or silicon (for ‘lab-on-a-chip’ type devices). The nucleic acid microarray technologies could therefore be generally benefited by adopting the LNA films, in place of DNA. Since LNA is nuclease-resistant, unlike DNA, and the LNA-based assay is sensitive to single nucleobase mismatches, the possibilities for label-free in vitro rapid diagnostics based on the LNA probes may be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Mishra
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700 032, India
| | - Hiya Lahiri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700 032, India
| | - Siddhartha Banerjee
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700 032, India
| | - Rupa Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700 032, India
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Lahiri H, Mishra S, Mana T, Mukhopadhyay R. Discriminating unalike single nucleobase mismatches using a molecularly resolved, label-free, interfacial LNA-based assay. Analyst 2016; 141:4035-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an00484a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecularly resolved, label-free discrimination of different types of single nucleobase mismatches by LNA probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiya Lahiri
- Department of Biological Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700 032
- India
| | - Sourav Mishra
- Department of Biological Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700 032
- India
| | - Tanushree Mana
- Department of Biological Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700 032
- India
| | - Rupa Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biological Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700 032
- India
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6
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Leistra AN, Han JH, Tang S, Orr BG, Banaszak Holl MM, Choi SK, Sinniah K. Force spectroscopy of multivalent binding of riboflavin-conjugated dendrimers to riboflavin binding protein. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:5785-92. [PMID: 25872803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Putative riboflavin receptors are considered as biomarkers due to their overexpression in breast and prostate cancers. Hence, these receptors can be potentially exploited for use in targeted drug delivery systems where dendrimer nanoparticles with multivalent ligand attachments can lead to greater specificity in cellular interactions. In this study, the single molecule force spectroscopy technique was used to assess the physical strength of multivalent interactions by employing a riboflavin (RF)-conjugated generation 5 PAMAM dendrimer G5(RF)n nanoparticle. By varying the average RF ligand valency (n = 0, 3, 5), the rupture force was measured between G5(RF)n and the riboflavin binding protein (RFBP). The rupture force increased when the valency of RF increased. We observed at the higher valency (n = 5) three binding events that increased in rupture force with increasing loading rate. Assuming a single energy barrier, the Bell-Evans model was used to determine the kinetic off-rate and barrier width for all binding interactions. The analysis of our results appears to indicate that multivalent interactions are resulting in changes to rupture force and kinetic off-rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shengzhuang Tang
- ‡Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bradford G Orr
- ‡Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,⊥Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mark M Banaszak Holl
- ‡Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,§Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,∥Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Seok Ki Choi
- ‡Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,#Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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7
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Nakahara Y, Higashi M, Funayama R, Horii Y, Osuga H, Sakamoto H, Oda M, Kado S, Kimura K. Evaluation of Stretching Properties of [7]Thiaheterohelicene Framework Called “Molecular Spring” Using AFM Force Measurements and Electrostatic State Calculations. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20140346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Nakahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University
| | - Minako Higashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University
| | - Ryoto Funayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University
| | - Yasuo Horii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University
| | - Hideji Osuga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University
| | - Hidefumi Sakamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University
| | - Masato Oda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University
| | - Shinpei Kado
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University
| | - Keiichi Kimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University
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8
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Funayama R, Nakahara Y, Kado S, Tanaka M, Kimura K. A single-molecule force-spectroscopic study on stabilization of G-quadruplex DNA by a telomerase inhibitor. Analyst 2014; 139:4037-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an00439f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The stabilization of G-quadruplex DNA by a telomerase inhibitor was semi-quantitatively evaluated by AFM-based SMFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoto Funayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Systems Engineering
- Wakayama University
- Wakayama 640-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshio Nakahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Systems Engineering
- Wakayama University
- Wakayama 640-8510, Japan
| | - Shinpei Kado
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Systems Engineering
- Wakayama University
- Wakayama 640-8510, Japan
| | - Mutsuo Tanaka
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
- Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Systems Engineering
- Wakayama University
- Wakayama 640-8510, Japan
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9
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Prakash S, Singh Y. Shear unzipping of double-stranded DNA. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2011; 84:031905. [PMID: 22060401 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.84.031905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We use a simple nonlinear scaler displacement model to calculate the distribution of effects created by a shear stress on a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) molecule and the value of shear force F(c) that is required to separate the two strands of a molecule at a given temperature. It is shown that for molecules of base pairs fewer than than 21, the entire single strand moves in the direction of applied force, whereas for molecules having base pairs more than 21, part of the strand moves in the opposite direction under the influence of force acting on the other strand. This result as well as the calculated values of F(c) as a function of length of dsDNA molecules are in very good agreement with the experimental values of Hatch et al. [Phys. Rev. E 78, 011920 (2008)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Prakash
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, India
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Lynch S, Baker H, Byker SG, Zhou D, Sinniah K. Single molecule force spectroscopy on G-quadruplex DNA. Chemistry 2009; 15:8113-6. [PMID: 19603437 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Lynch
- Chemistry & Biochemistry, Calvin College, 1726 Knollcrest Circle SE, Grand Rapids, MI 49546, USA
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11
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Porter-Peden L, Kamper SG, Wal MV, Blankespoor R, Sinniah' K. Estimating kinetic and thermodynamic parameters from single molecule enzyme-inhibitor interactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:11556-11561. [PMID: 18808161 PMCID: PMC2586077 DOI: 10.1021/la801477a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report the application of recently developed microscopic models to estimate the apparent kinetic and thermodynamic parameters in a single molecule force spectroscopy study of the carbonic anhydrase enzyme and a complementary sulfonamide inhibitor. The most probable rupture force for the enzyme-inhibitor interaction shows a nonlinear dependency on the log-loading rate. Estimates for the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were obtained by fitting the nonlinear dependency to linear cubic potential and cusp potential models and compared to the standard Bell-Evans model. The reliability of the estimated parameters was verified by modeling the experimental rupture force distributions by the theoretically predicted distributions at rupture. We also report that linkers that are attached to the enzyme and inhibitor show appreciable effects on the apparent kinetic and thermodynamic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kumar Sinniah'
- CORRESPONDING AUTHOR FOOTNOTE Prof. Kumar Sinniah, Calvin College, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 3201 Burton Street SE, Grand Rapids, MI 49546. Phone: (616) 526-6058, Fax: (616) 526-6501;
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Hatch K, Danilowicz C, Coljee V, Prentiss M. Demonstration that the shear force required to separate short double-stranded DNA does not increase significantly with sequence length for sequences longer than 25 base pairs. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2008; 78:011920. [PMID: 18763995 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.78.011920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the shear force for short double-stranded DNA sequences pulled by either the 3'3' or 5'5' ends and find that the shear force is independent of the pulling technique. For the 50% GC sequences examined, the force is a linear function of DNA length up to 20 base pairs (bp); however, we show that, as predicted by deGennes, the shear force approaches an asymptotic value in the limit where the number of base pairs approaches infinity, where the shear force for a 32 bp sequence is within 5% of the asymptotic value of 61.4 pN . Fits to deGennes' theory suggest that the shear force is distributed over fewer than 10 bp at the end of the sequence, with the rest of the sequence experiencing negligible shear force. The single base pair rupture force and the ratio of the backbone spring constant to the base pair spring constant determined from fits of the data to deGennes' theory are consistent with ab initio predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hatch
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Li Y, Lee J, Lal J, An L, Huang Q. Effects of pH on the Interactions and Conformation of Bovine Serum Albumin: Comparison between Chemical Force Microscopy and Small-Angle Neutron Scattering. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:3797-806. [DOI: 10.1021/jp077392h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Li
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China, and Intense Pulsed Neutron Source Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Jooyoung Lee
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China, and Intense Pulsed Neutron Source Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Jyotsana Lal
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China, and Intense Pulsed Neutron Source Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Lijia An
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China, and Intense Pulsed Neutron Source Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China, and Intense Pulsed Neutron Source Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
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14
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Kamper SG, Porter-Peden L, Blankespoor R, Sinniah K, Zhou D, Abell C, Rayment T. Investigating the specific interactions between carbonic anhydrase and a sulfonamide inhibitor by single-molecule force spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:12561-12565. [PMID: 17973506 DOI: 10.1021/la702148v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this communication, we report on the interaction landscape of an active site-specific enzyme-inhibitor complex by single-molecule force spectroscopy. Electrostatic immobilization was employed to orient a carbonic anhydrase enzyme on a positively charged surface so its active site is pointing upward. This approach to immobilization effectively increases the number of specific interactions measured between the zinc ion of the active site on carbonic anhydrase and a sulfonamide inhibitor tethered to an atomic force microscope (AFM) probe. Further, it reduces the time required for data collection and thereby minimizes the possible mechanical damage to the probe and contamination of the enzyme surface. The rupture force measured at various loading rates is interpreted in terms of a single energy barrier for the carbonic anhydrase enzyme-sulfonamide inhibitor complex from which the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were estimated on the basis of microscopic models and were compared to the Bell-Evans model. The dissociation rate for the enzyme-inhibitor complex was found to be significantly faster (~35 times) than the natural spontaneous dissociation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah G Kamper
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, MI 49546, USA
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Kersey FR, Loveless DM, Craig SL. A hybrid polymer gel with controlled rates of cross-link rupture and self-repair. J R Soc Interface 2007; 4:373-80. [PMID: 17251135 PMCID: PMC2359846 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2006.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A family of hybrid polymer gels is described, in which covalent cross-links create a permanent, stiff scaffold onto which reversible metal-ligand coordinative cross-links are added. The reversible metal-ligand interactions are shown to bear mechanical stress within the hybrid gel, and relaxations in response to that applied stress are consistent with the stress-free kinetics of ligand exchange in systems that model the reversible cross-links. The stress-induced dissociation of a model metal-ligand complex is examined by a single-molecule force spectroscopy, and its mechanical response is compared with a previously studied complex. The mechanical response of the individual interactions is relevant to those found in the family of hybrid gels, and the modular platform is therefore suitable for the study of stress-induced molecular dissociations, and their subsequent repair, within a macroscopic material of fixed structure.
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Gil R, Guillerez MG, Poulin JC, Schulz E. Charge-transfer complex study by chemical force spectroscopy: a dynamic force spectroscopic approach. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:542-8. [PMID: 17209605 DOI: 10.1021/la062169h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Charge-transfer interaction, as a reversible and rapid phenomenon, was evidenced by force microscopy. Pull-off forces were measured between a tip grafted with a trinitrofluorenone derivative and a surface functionalized with an electron-rich aromatic anthracene compound in a dodecane environment. The effect of the sweep time on the measured interaction forces is described, together with an extensive study of a competitive influence of free aromatic molecules in dodecane diluted solutions. These forces depend on the nature of the competitor and its concentration as well as on the velocity of tip/sample separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Gil
- Equipe Catalyse Moléculaire, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR 8182, Université Paris-Sud, Bât 420, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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