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Adams T, Tumpa NF, Acharya M, Nguyen QH, Shuchi N, Baliukonis M, Starnes SE, Hofmann T, Walter MG. Achieving Smart Photochromics Using Water-Processable, High-Contrast, Oxygen-Sensing, and Photoactuating Thiazolothiazole-Embedded Polymer Films. ACS APPLIED OPTICAL MATERIALS 2024; 2:704-713. [PMID: 38808252 PMCID: PMC11129348 DOI: 10.1021/acsaom.4c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Water-soluble dipyridinium thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole (TTz) compounds are incorporated into inexpensive poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/borax films and exhibit fast (<1 s), high-contrast photochromism, photofluorochromism, and oxygen sensing. Under illumination, the films change from clear/yellow TTz2+ to purple TTz•+ and then blue TTz0. The contrast and speed of the photochromism are dependent on the polymer matrix redox properties and the concentration of TTz2+. The photoreduced films exhibit strong, near-infrared light (1000-1500 nm) absorbances in addition to visible color changes. Spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to establish the complex dielectric function for the TTz2+ and TTz0 states. Incorporating non-photochromic dyes yields yellow-to-green and pink-to-purple photochromism. Additionally, when illuminated, reversible photoactuation occurs, causing mechanical contraction in the TTz-embedded films. The blue film returns to its colorless state via exposure to O2, making the films able to sense oxygen and leak direction for smart packaging. These films show potential for use in self-tinting smart windows, eyeglasses, displays, erasable memory devices, fiber optic communication, and oxygen sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler
J. Adams
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Naz F. Tumpa
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Maithili Acharya
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Quy H. Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Nuren Shuchi
- Department
of Physics and Optical Science, University
of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Mia Baliukonis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Sarah E. Starnes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Tino Hofmann
- Department
of Physics and Optical Science, University
of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Michael G. Walter
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
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Gan M, Xiao T, Liu Z, Wang Y. Layered photochromic films stacked from spiropyran-modified montmorillonite nanosheets. RSC Adv 2019; 9:12325-12330. [PMID: 35515825 PMCID: PMC9063510 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01480b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets are a class of fascinating host material that demonstrates a high specific surface area for the immobilization of functional molecules. Herein, we describe a layered photochromic film using montmorillonite 2D nanosheets immobilized with spiropyran units, which demonstrates a remarkable and reversible photochromic behavior. The synthesis of the layered photochromic film includes the intercalation and exfoliation of montmorillonite powders into 2D nanosheets using a spiropyran-modified surfactant and a subsequent vacuum filtration. The photochromic units of spiropyran-modified quaternary ammonium groups are immobilized on the surface of montmorillonite 2D nanosheets through an electrostatic interaction after exchanging with the native cations in montmorillonite during the intercalation and exfoliation. The photoisomerization of the spiropyran units between closed-ring spiropyran and open-ring merocyanine upon visible/UV irradiation contributes to the photochromic behavior of the layered film. The color contrast between the coloration and decoloration states of photochromic film is optimized by increasing the amount of spiropyran-modified cationic surfactant during the intercalation and exfoliation process. Our layered films with a visual photochromic behavior may promote their applications for optical data storage, optical switching and chemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Gan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Tianliang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Yao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
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Nishikiori H, Shimamura S, Fujii T. Reaction of spironaphthoxazine with acid. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Nishikiori H, Teshima K, Fujii T. Chelation ability of spironaphthoxazine with metal ions in silica gel. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2012; 11:1164-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c2pp05345d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Paramonov SV, Lokshin V, Fedorova OA. Spiropyran, chromene or spirooxazine ligands: Insights into mutual relations between complexing and photochromic properties. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Kinashi K, Nakamura S, Imamura M, Ishida K, Ueda Y. The mechanism for negative photochromism of spiropyran in silica. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kinashi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering; Kyoto Institute of Technology; Matsugasaki, Sakyo; Kyoto; 606-8585; Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakamura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; Kobe University; Rokko, Nada; Kobe; 657-8501; Japan
| | - Masaki Imamura
- Synchrotron Light Application Center; Saga University; 1 Honjo; Saga; 840-8502; Japan
| | - Kenji Ishida
- Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; Kobe University; Rokko, Nada; Kobe; 657-8501; Japan
| | - Yasukiyo Ueda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; Kobe University; Rokko, Nada; Kobe; 657-8501; Japan
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Nishikiori H, Takamura T, Shimamura S, Fujii T. Photochromic behavior of spironaphthoxazine in metal ion-containing solutions. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sasai R, Iyi N, Kusumoto H. Luminous Change of Rhodamine 3B Incorporated into Titanate Nanosheet/Decyltrimethylammonium Hybrids under Humid Atmosphere. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2011. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Kinashi K, Nakamura S, Ono Y, Ishida K, Ueda Y. Reverse photochromism of spiropyran in silica. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nishikiori H, Tanaka N, Takagi K, Fujii T. Chelation of spironaphthoxazine with zinc ions and its photochromic behavior during the sol–gel–xerogel transitions of alkyl silicon alkoxide. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2007.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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