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Månsson A. The potential of myosin and actin in nanobiotechnology. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:292584. [PMID: 36861886 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the late 1990s, efforts have been made to utilize cytoskeletal filaments, propelled by molecular motors, for nanobiotechnological applications, for example, in biosensing and parallel computation. This work has led to in-depth insights into the advantages and challenges of such motor-based systems, and has yielded small-scale, proof-of-principle applications but, to date, no commercially viable devices. Additionally, these studies have also elucidated fundamental motor and filament properties, as well as providing other insights obtained from biophysical assays in which molecular motors and other proteins are immobilized on artificial surfaces. In this Perspective, I discuss the progress towards practically viable applications achieved so far using the myosin II-actin motor-filament system. I also highlight several fundamental pieces of insights derived from the studies. Finally, I consider what may be required to achieve real devices in the future or at least to allow future studies with a satisfactory cost-benefit ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alf Månsson
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Science, Linnaeus University, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
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Adamatzky A, Huber F, Schnauß J. Computing on actin bundles network. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15887. [PMID: 31685834 PMCID: PMC6828718 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51354-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin filaments are conductive to ionic currents, mechanical and voltage solitons. These travelling localisations can be utilised to generate computing circuits from actin networks. The propagation of localisations on a single actin filament is experimentally unfeasible to control. Therefore, we consider excitation waves propagating on bundles of actin filaments. In computational experiments with a two-dimensional slice of an actin bundle network we show that by using an arbitrary arrangement of electrodes, it is possible to implement two-inputs-one-output circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Adamatzky
- Unconventional Computing Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.
| | - Florian Huber
- Netherlands eScience Center, Science Park 140, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jörg Schnauß
- Soft Matter Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), DNA Nanodevices Group, Leipzig, Germany
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Kumar S, Mansson A. Covalent and non-covalent chemical engineering of actin for biotechnological applications. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:867-888. [PMID: 28830772 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The cytoskeletal filaments are self-assembled protein polymers with 8-25nm diameters and up to several tens of micrometres length. They have a range of pivotal roles in eukaryotic cells, including transportation of intracellular cargoes (primarily microtubules with dynein and kinesin motors) and cell motility (primarily actin and myosin) where muscle contraction is one example. For two decades, the cytoskeletal filaments and their associated motor systems have been explored for nanotechnological applications including miniaturized sensor systems and lab-on-a-chip devices. Several developments have also revolved around possible exploitation of the filaments alone without their motor partners. Efforts to use the cytoskeletal filaments for applications often require chemical or genetic engineering of the filaments such as specific conjugation with fluorophores, antibodies, oligonucleotides or various macromolecular complexes e.g. nanoparticles. Similar conjugation methods are also instrumental for a range of fundamental biophysical studies. Here we review methods for non-covalent and covalent chemical modifications of actin filaments with focus on critical advantages and challenges of different methods as well as critical steps in the conjugation procedures. We also review potential uses of the engineered actin filaments in nanotechnological applications and in some key fundamental studies of actin and myosin function. Finally, we consider possible future lines of investigation that may be addressed by applying chemical conjugation of actin in new ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi 110042, India; Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - Alf Mansson
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden.
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Yuan J, Pillarisetti A, Goldman YE, Bau HH. Orienting actin filaments for directional motility of processive myosin motors. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:79-84. [PMID: 23240631 DOI: 10.1021/nl303500k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To utilize molecular motors in manmade systems, it is necessary to control the motors' motion. We describe a technique to orient actin filaments so that their barbed ends point in the same direction, enabling same-type motors to travel unidirectionally. Myosin-V and myosin-VI were observed to travel, respectively, toward and away from the filaments' barbed ends. When both motors were present, they occasionally passed each other while "walking" in opposite directions along single actin filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhou Yuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Translational actomyosin research: fundamental insights and applications hand in hand. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2012; 33:219-33. [PMID: 22638606 PMCID: PMC3413815 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-012-9298-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review describes the development towards actomyosin based nanodevices taking a starting point in pioneering studies in the 1990s based on conventional in vitro motility assays. References are given to parallel developments using the kinesin–microtubule motor system. The early developments focused on achieving cargo-transportation using actin filaments as cargo-loaded shuttles propelled by surface-adsorbed heavy meromyosin along micro- and nanofabricated channels. These efforts prompted extensive studies of surface–motor interactions contributing with new insights of general relevance in surface and colloid chemistry. As a result of these early efforts, a range of complex devices have now emerged, spanning applications in medical diagnostics, biocomputation and formation of complex nanostructures by self-organization. In addition to giving a comprehensive account of the developments towards real-world applications an important goal of the present review is to demonstrate important connections between the applied studies and fundamental biophysical studies of actomyosin and muscle function. Thus the manipulation of the motor proteins towards applications has resulted in new insights into methodological aspects of the in vitro motiliy assay. Other developments have advanced the understanding of the dynamic materials properties of actin filaments.
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Agarwal A, Hess H. Molecular Motors as Components of Future Medical Devices and Engineered Materials. J Nanotechnol Eng Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1115/1.3212823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A new frontier in the development of prosthetic devices is the design of nanoscale systems which replace, augment, or support individual cells. Similar to cells, such devices will require the ability to generate mechanical movement, either for transport or actuation. Here, the development of nanoscale transport systems, which integrate biomolecular motors, is reviewed. To date, close to 100 publications have explored the design of such “molecular shuttles” based on the integration of synthetic molecules, nano- and microparticles, and micropatterned structures with kinesin and myosin motors and their associated cytoskeletal filaments, microtubules, and actin filaments. Tremendous progress has been made in addressing the key challenges of guiding, loading, and controlling the shuttles, providing a foundation for the exploration of applications in medicine and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Agarwal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Henry Hess
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
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Brough B, Christman KL, Wong TS, Kolodziej CM, Forbes JG, Wang K, Maynard HD, Ho CM. Surface initiated actin polymerization from top-down manufactured nanopatterns. SOFT MATTER 2007; 3:541-546. [PMID: 32900015 DOI: 10.1039/b618524j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Protocols to fabricate high aspect-ratio biologically-based nanostructures using a top-down fabricated polymer platform and surface-initiated actin polymerization were developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branden Brough
- Center for Scalable and Integrated NanoManufacturing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Engineering IV, Room 38-137J, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1597, USA. and Muscle Proteomics and Nanotechnology Section, Lab of Muscle Biology B50, Room 1140, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Karen L Christman
- Center for Scalable and Integrated NanoManufacturing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA. and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tak Sing Wong
- Center for Scalable and Integrated NanoManufacturing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Engineering IV, Room 38-137J, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1597, USA.
| | - Christopher M Kolodziej
- Center for Scalable and Integrated NanoManufacturing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA. and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Forbes
- Muscle Proteomics and Nanotechnology Section, Lab of Muscle Biology B50, Room 1140, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Kuan Wang
- Muscle Proteomics and Nanotechnology Section, Lab of Muscle Biology B50, Room 1140, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Heather D Maynard
- Center for Scalable and Integrated NanoManufacturing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA. and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chih-Ming Ho
- Center for Scalable and Integrated NanoManufacturing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Engineering IV, Room 38-137J, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1597, USA.
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