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Dong Z, Song B, Ma H, Gao X, Zhang W, Yuan J. A strategy to enhance the water solubility of luminescent β-diketonate-Europium(III) complexes for time-gated luminescence bioassays. Talanta 2024; 274:126000. [PMID: 38608630 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Luminescent β-diketonate-europium(III) complexes have been found a wide range of applications in time-gated luminescence (TGL) bioassays, but their poor water solubility is a main problem that limits their effective uses. In this work we propose a simple and general strategy to enhance the water solubility of luminescent β-diketonate-europium(III) complexes that permits facile synthesis and purification. By introducing the fluorinated carboxylic acid group into the structures of β-diketone ligands, two highly water-soluble and luminescent Eu3+ complexes, PBBHD-Eu3+ and CPBBHD-Eu3+, were designed and synthesized. An excellent solubility exceeding 20 mg/mL for PBBHD-Eu3+ was found in a pure aqueous buffer, while it also displayed strong and long-lived luminescence (quantum yield φ = 26%, lifetime τ = 0.49 ms). After the carboxyl groups of PBBHD-Eu3+ were activated, the PBBHD-Eu3+-labeled streptavidin-bovine serum albumin (SA-BSA) conjugate was prepared, and successfully used for the immunoassay of human α-fetoprotein (AFP) and the imaging of an environmental pathogen Giardia lamblia under TGL mode, which demonstrated the practicability of PBBHD-Eu3+ for highly sensitive TGL bioassays. The carboxyl groups of PBBHD can also be easily derivatized with other reactive chemical groups, which enables PBBHD-Eu3+ to meet diverse requirements of biolabeling technique, to provide new opportunities for developing functional europium(III) complex biolabels serving for TGL bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Dong
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Bo Song
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Hua Ma
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiaona Gao
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Wenzhu Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jingli Yuan
- College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe West Road, Jinzhou New District, Dalian, 116600, China.
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2
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Kolesnikov I, lvanova T, Ivanov D, Kireev A, Mamonova D, Golyeva E, Mikhailov M, Manshina A. In-situ laser-induced synthesis of associated YVO4:Eu3+@SiO2@Au-Ag/C nanohybrids with enhanced luminescence. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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Kim KR, Han YD, Chun HJ, Lee KW, Hong DK, Lee KN, C Yoon H. Encapsulation-Stabilized, Europium Containing Nanoparticle as a Probe for Time-Resolved luminescence Detection of Cardiac Troponin I. BIOSENSORS 2017; 7:E48. [PMID: 29057816 PMCID: PMC5746771 DOI: 10.3390/bios7040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of a robust optical signaling probe with a high signal-to-noise ratio is important in the development of immunoassays. Lanthanide chelates are a promising material for this purpose, which provide time-resolved luminescence (TRL) due to their large Stokes shift and long luminescence lifetime. From this, they have attracted considerable interest in the in vitro diagnostics field. However, the direct use of lanthanide chelates is limited because their luminescent signal can be easily affected by various quenchers. To overcome this drawback, strategies that rely on the entrapment of lanthanide chelates inside nanoparticles, thereby enabling the protection of the lanthanide chelate from water, have been reported. However, the poor stability of the lanthanide-entrapped nanoparticles results in a significant fluctuation in TRL signal intensity, and this still remains a challenging issue. To address this, we have developed a Lanthanide chelate-Encapsulated Silica Nano Particle (LESNP) as a new immunosensing probe. In this approach, the lanthanide chelate is covalently crosslinked within the silane monomer during the silica nanoparticle formation. The resulting LESNP is physically stable and retains TRL properties of the parent lanthanide chelate. Using the probe, a highly sensitive, sandwich-based TRL immunoassay for the cardiac troponin I was conducted, exhibiting a limit of detection of 48 pg/mL. On the basis of the features of the LESNP such as TRL signaling capability, stability, and the ease of biofunctionalization, we expect that the LESNP can be widely applied in the development of TRL-based immunosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Ram Kim
- Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Yong Duk Han
- Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Hyeong Jin Chun
- Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Kyung Won Lee
- Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Dong-Ki Hong
- Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Seongnam 13509, Korea.
| | - Kook-Nyung Lee
- Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Seongnam 13509, Korea.
| | - Hyun C Yoon
- Department of Molecular Science & Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea.
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4
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Gangan TU, Sreenadh S, Reddy M. Visible-light excitable highly luminescent molecular plastic materials derived from Eu3+-biphenyl based β-diketonate ternary complex and poly(methylmethacrylate). J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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5
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A Novel Universal Detection Agent for Time-Gated Luminescence Bioimaging. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27564. [PMID: 27282464 PMCID: PMC4901361 DOI: 10.1038/srep27564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Luminescent lanthanide chelates have been used to label antibodies in time-gated luminescence (TGL) bioimaging. However, it is a challenging task to label directly an antibody with lanthanide-binding ligands and achieve control of the target ligand/protein ratios whilst ensuring that affinity and avidity of the antibody remain uncompromised. We report the development of a new indirect detection reagent to label antibodies with detectable luminescence that circumvents this problem by labelling available lysine residues in the linker portion of the recombinant fusion protein Linker-Protein G (LPG). Succinimide-activated lanthanide chelating ligands were attached to lysine residues in LPG and Protein G (without Linker) and the resulting Luminescence-Activating (LA-) conjugates were compared for total incorporation and conjugation efficiency. A higher and more efficient incorporation of ligands at three different molar ratios was observed for LPG and this effect was attributed to the presence of eight readily available lysine residues in the linker region of LPG. These Luminescence-Activating (LA-) complexes were subsequently shown to impart luminescence (upon formation of europium(III) complexes) to cell-specific antibodies within seconds and without the need for any complicated bioconjugation procedures. The potential of this technology was demonstrated by direct labelling of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in TGL bioimaging.
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Cao XM, Wei N, Liu L, Li L, Han ZB. Luminescent lanthanide–organic polyrotaxane framework as a turn-off sensor for nitrobenzene and Fe3+. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25872c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three isomorphous lanthanide–organic polyrotaxane frameworks [Ln(mtpc)1.5(DMA)(H2O)]·2H2O [Ln = Tb (1); Dy (2); Er (3)] were assembled and characterized. 1 acts as a fluorescent probe for nitrobenzene and iron(iii) ions, and the detection limit of nitrobenzene is 15–150 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Man Cao
- College of Chemistry
- Liaoning University
- Shenyang 110036
- P. R. China
| | - Na Wei
- College of Chemistry
- Liaoning University
- Shenyang 110036
- P. R. China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Chemistry
- Liaoning University
- Shenyang 110036
- P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- College of Chemistry
- Liaoning University
- Shenyang 110036
- P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Bo Han
- College of Chemistry
- Liaoning University
- Shenyang 110036
- P. R. China
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7
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Cui Q, He F, Li L, Möhwald H. Controllable metal-enhanced fluorescence in organized films and colloidal system. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 207:164-77. [PMID: 24182686 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, considerable efforts have been devoted to better understand the unique emission properties of fluorophores enhanced by the localized surface plasmon resonance of metal nanoparticles (NPs), due to the widespread applications of fluorescence techniques. It is demonstrated by experiment and theoretical calculation that the enhancement efficiency strongly depends on the morphology of the metal NPs, the spectral overlap between metal and fluorophores, the separation distance between them, and other factors. Among these aspects to be considered are suitable spacer material and assembling methods to control the spatial arrangement of plasmonic NPs and fluorophore with proper optical properties and interactions. In this contribution, we provide a brief overview on recent progress of metal-enhanced fluorescence in organized films and colloidal systems.
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Shi Y, Jiang S, Zhou K, Wang B, Wang B, Gui Z, Hu Y, Yuen RKK. Facile preparation of ZnS/g-C3N4nanohybrids for enhanced optical properties. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44256j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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9
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Rapid and sensitive detection of β-agonists using a portable fluorescence biosensor based on fluorescent nanosilica and a lateral flow test strip. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 50:62-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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10
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Du C, Liu L, Zhang L, Guo J, Guo J, Ma H, He Y. Multi-channel hyperspectral fluorescence detection excited by coupled plasmon-waveguide resonance. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2013; 13:13892-13902. [PMID: 24129023 PMCID: PMC3859097 DOI: 10.3390/s131013892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We propose in this paper a biosensor scheme based on coupled plasmon-waveguide resonance (CPWR) excited fluorescence spectroscopy. A symmetrical structure that offers higher surface electric field strengths, longer surface propagation lengths and depths is developed to support guided waveguide modes for the efficient excitation of fluorescence. The optimal parameters for the sensor films are theoretically and experimentally investigated, leading to a detection limit of 0.1 nM (for a Cy5 solution). Multiplex analysis possible with the fluorescence detection is further advanced by employing the hyperspectral fluorescence technique to record the full spectra for every pixel on the sample plane. We demonstrate experimentally that highly overlapping fluorescence (Cy5 and Dylight680) can be distinguished and ratios of different emission sources can be determined accurately. This biosensor shows great potential for multiplex detections of fluorescence analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Du
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; E-Mails: (C.D.); (J.G.); (J.G.); (H.M.)
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Le Liu
- Laboratory of Advanced Power Source, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; E-Mail:
| | - Lin Zhang
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; E-Mail:
| | - Jun Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; E-Mails: (C.D.); (J.G.); (J.G.); (H.M.)
| | - Jihua Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; E-Mails: (C.D.); (J.G.); (J.G.); (H.M.)
| | - Hui Ma
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; E-Mails: (C.D.); (J.G.); (J.G.); (H.M.)
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yonghong He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; E-Mails: (C.D.); (J.G.); (J.G.); (H.M.)
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11
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Deng W, Xie F, Baltar HTMCM, Goldys EM. Metal-enhanced fluorescence in the life sciences: here, now and beyond. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:15695-708. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50206f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Darvill D, Centeno A, Xie F. Plasmonic fluorescence enhancement by metal nanostructures: shaping the future of bionanotechnology. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:15709-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50415h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Divya V, Sankar V, Raghu KG, Reddy MLP. A mitochondria-specific visible-light sensitized europium β-diketonate complex with red emission. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:12317-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51117k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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15
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Reddy MLP, Divya V, Pavithran R. Visible-light sensitized luminescent europium(iii)-β-diketonate complexes: bioprobes for cellular imaging. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:15249-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52238e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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16
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Deng W, Goldys EM. Plasmonic approach to enhanced fluorescence for applications in biotechnology and the life sciences. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:10152-10163. [PMID: 22568517 DOI: 10.1021/la300332x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
One of the most rapidly growing areas of physics and nanotechnology is concerned with plasmonic effects on the nanometer scale; these have applications in sensing and imaging technologies. Nanoplasmonic colloids such as Ag and Au have been attracting active interest, and there has been a recent explosion in the use of these metallic nanostructures to modify the spectral properties of fluorophores favorably and to enhance the fluorescence emission intensity. In this feature article, we summarize our work over a range of nanoplasmonics-assisted biological applications such as flow cytometry, immunoassays, cell imaging and bioassays where we use custom-designed plasmonic nanostructures (Ag and Au) to enhance fluorescence signatures. This fluorophore-metal effect offers unique advantages in providing improved photostability and enhanced fluorescence signals. We discuss the plasmonic enhancement of lanthanide fluorophores whose long and microsecond lifetimes offer the advantage of background-free fluorescence detection, but low photon cycling rates lead to poor brightness. We also show that plasmonic colloids are capable of enhancing the emission of fluorescent nanoparticles, including upconverting nanocrystals and lanthanide nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Deng
- MQ BioFocus Research Centre, Macquarie University, North Ryde 2113 NSW, Australia
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17
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Zhang L, Wang Y, Ye Z, Jin D, Yuan J. New Class of Tetradentate β-Diketonate-Europium Complexes That Can Be Covalently Bound to Proteins for Time-Gated Fluorometric Application. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1244-51. [DOI: 10.1021/bc300075t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yanjiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Jin
- MQ Photonics Centre, Faculty
of Science, Macquarie University, NSW 2109,
Sydney, Australia
| | - Jingli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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18
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Tian L, Dai Z, Zhang L, Zhang R, Ye Z, Wu J, Jin D, Yuan J. Preparation and time-gated luminescence bioimaging applications of long wavelength-excited silica-encapsulated europium nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:3551-3557. [PMID: 22552488 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30233k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Silica-encapsulated luminescent lanthanide nanoparticles have shown great potential as biolabels for various time-gated luminescence bio-detections in recent years. The main problem of these nano-biolabels is their short excitation wavelengths within the UV region. In this work, a new type of silica-encapsulated luminescent europium nanoparticle, with a wide excitation range from UV to visible light in aqueous solutions, has been prepared using a conjugate of (3-isocyanatopropyl)triethoxysilane bound to a visible light-excited Eu(3+) complex, 2,6-bis(1',1',1',2',2',3',3'-heptafluoro-4',6'-hexanedion-6'-yl)-dibenzothiophene-Eu(3+)-2-(N,N-diethylanilin-4-yl)-4,6-bis(pyrazol-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazine (IPTES-BHHD-Eu(3+)-BPT conjugate), as a functionalized precursor. The nanoparticles, which are prepared by the copolymerization of the IPTES-BHHD-Eu(3+)-BPT conjugate, tetraethyl orthosilicate and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane in a water-in-oil reverse microemulsion consisting of Triton X-100, n-octanol, cyclohexane and water in the presence of aqueous ammonia, are monodisperse, spherical and uniform in size. Their diameter is 42 ± 3 nm and they are strongly luminescent with a wide excitation range from UV to ∼475 nm and a long luminescence lifetime of 346 μs. The nanoparticles were successfully used for streptavidin labeling and the time-gated luminescence imaging detection of two environmental pathogens, cryptosporidium muris and cryptosporidium parvium, in water samples. The results demonstrated the practical utility of the new nanoparticles as visible light-excited biolabels for time-gated luminescence bioassay applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
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19
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Chall S, Saha A, Biswas SK, Datta A, Bhattacharya SC. Single step aqueous synthesis of pure rare earth nanoparticles in biocompatible polymer matrices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm30971h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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20
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Mantion A, Graf P, Florea I, Haase A, Thünemann AF, Mašić A, Ersen O, Rabu P, Meier W, Luch A, Taubert A. Biomimetic synthesis of chiral erbium-doped silver/peptide/silica core-shell nanoparticles (ESPN). NANOSCALE 2011; 3:5168-5179. [PMID: 22031101 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10930h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Peptide-modified silver nanoparticles have been coated with an erbium-doped silica layer using a method inspired by silica biomineralization. Electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering confirm the presence of an Ag/peptide core and silica shell. The erbium is present as small Er(2)O(3) particles in and on the silica shell. Raman, IR, UV-Vis, and circular dichroism spectroscopies show that the peptide is still present after shell formation and the nanoparticles conserve a chiral plasmon resonance. Magnetic measurements find a paramagnetic behavior. In vitro tests using a macrophage cell line model show that the resulting multicomponent nanoparticles have a low toxicity for macrophages, even on partial dissolution of the silica shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Mantion
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
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Hagan AK, Zuchner T. Lanthanide-based time-resolved luminescence immunoassays. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:2847-64. [PMID: 21556751 PMCID: PMC3102841 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The sensitive and specific detection of analytes such as proteins in biological samples is critical for a variety of applications, for example disease diagnosis. In immunoassays a signal in response to the concentration of analyte present is generated by use of antibodies labeled with radioisotopes, luminophores, or enzymes. All immunoassays suffer to some extent from the problem of the background signal observed in the absence of analyte, which limits the sensitivity and dynamic range that can be achieved. This is especially the case for homogeneous immunoassays and surface measurements on tissue sections and membranes, which typically have a high background because of sample autofluorescence. One way of minimizing background in immunoassays involves the use of lanthanide chelate labels. Luminescent lanthanide complexes have exceedingly long-lived luminescence in comparison with conventional fluorophores, enabling the short-lived background interferences to be removed via time-gated acquisition and delivering greater assay sensitivity and a broader dynamic range. This review highlights the potential of using lanthanide luminescence to design sensitive and specific immunoassays. Techniques for labeling biomolecules with lanthanide chelate tags are discussed, with aspects of chelate design. Microtitre plate-based heterogeneous and homogeneous assays are reviewed and compared in terms of sensitivity, dynamic range, and convenience. The great potential of surface-based time-resolved imaging techniques for biomolecules on gels, membranes, and tissue sections using lanthanide tracers in proteomics applications is also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. K. Hagan
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - T. Zuchner
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Jin D, Piper JA. Time-Gated Luminescence Microscopy Allowing Direct Visual Inspection of Lanthanide-Stained Microorganisms in Background-Free Condition. Anal Chem 2011; 83:2294-300. [DOI: 10.1021/ac103207r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Jin
- Advanced Cytometry Laboratories at Macquarie, MQ Biofocus Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, NSW 2109 Australia
| | - James A. Piper
- Advanced Cytometry Laboratories at Macquarie, MQ Biofocus Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, NSW 2109 Australia
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Yao J, Schachermeyer S, Yin Y, Zhong W. Cation exchange in ZnSe nanocrystals for signal amplification in bioassays. Anal Chem 2010; 83:402-8. [PMID: 21117624 DOI: 10.1021/ac102688s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
ZnSe nanocrystals (NCs), possessing low native luminescence but high biocompatibility, were employed as labeling tags in bioassays. They were able to amplify each target recognition event thousands of times through a cation-exchange reaction (CXAmp) that released over 3000 encapsulated Zn(2+) from one single NC. The freed cations in turn triggered strong fluorescence from the Zn-responsive dyes. The present study demonstrated that CXAmp with ZnSe delivered superior detection performance in comparison to the conventional labeling methods. The overall fluorescence intensity of CXAmp using 5 nM ZnSe NCs was 30 times higher than that from 5 nM core-shell CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs). The limit of detection (LOD) obtained with ZnSe-based CXAmp was 10-fold lower than with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeling, and the detection sensitivity, represented by the slope of the signal-versus-concentration curve, was 20-fold higher. When applied to detect immunoglobulin E (IgE) in a sandwich format, a LOD of 1 ng/mL was achieved. The highly sensitive CXAmp also allowed detection of the total IgE content in dilute human serum, in which the abundant matrix proteins exhibited less interference and more accurate quantification could be performed. Besides high signal amplification efficiency and good biocompatibility, CXAmp with ZnSe could be easily adapted to common laboratory settings and act as a universal labeling system for reliable detection of low-abundance targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
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