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Nikam AN, Roy A, Raychaudhuri R, Navti PD, Soman S, Kulkarni S, Shirur KS, Pandey A, Mutalik S. Organogels: "GelVolution" in Topical Drug Delivery - Present and Beyond. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:489-518. [PMID: 38757691 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128279479231231092905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Topical drug delivery holds immense significance in dermatological treatments due to its non-invasive nature and direct application to the target site. Organogels, a promising class of topical drug delivery systems, have acquired substantial attention for enhancing drug delivery efficiency. This review article aims to explore the advantages of organogels, including enhanced drug solubility, controlled release, improved skin penetration, non-greasy formulations, and ease of application. The mechanism of organogel permeation into the skin is discussed, along with formulation strategies, which encompass the selection of gelling agents, cogelling agents, and additives while considering the influence of temperature and pH on gel formation. Various types of organogelators and organogels and their properties, such as viscoelasticity, non-birefringence, thermal stability, and optical clarity, are presented. Moreover, the biomedical applications of organogels in targeting skin cancer, anti-inflammatory drug delivery, and antifungal drug delivery are discussed. Characterization parameters, biocompatibility, safety considerations, and future directions in optimizing skin permeation, ensuring long-term stability, addressing regulatory challenges, and exploring potential combination therapies are thoroughly examined. Overall, this review highlights the immense potential of organogels in redefining topical drug delivery and their significant impact on the field of dermatological treatments, thus paving the way for exciting prospects in the domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajinkya Nitin Nikam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Amrita Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Ruchira Raychaudhuri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Prerana D Navti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Soji Soman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Sanjay Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Krishnaraj Somayaji Shirur
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Abhijeet Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
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Kalaw JM, Shigemitsu H, Kida T. 2- O-Methylated β-Cyclodextrin as an Effective Building Block to Construct Supramolecular Assemblies with Various Morphologies and Molecular Arrangements. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:8407-8415. [PMID: 35762563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of supramolecular cyclodextrin (CD) assemblies and control of their assembly mode through guest inclusion in CD cavities have been actively studied. Contrarily, there are limited reports on the control of the assembly mode of guest-free CD molecules by external stimuli. Herein, we report the use of 2-O-methylated β-cyclodextrin (2-Me-β-CD) as an effective building block in fabricating supramolecular assemblies with diverse morphologies and molecular arrangements through assembly mode control by various stimuli, such as temperature and solvent. When methanol and diethyl carbonate were used as good and poor solvents, respectively, 2-Me-β-CD formed an amorphous assembly through solvent evaporation on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. Increasing the drying temperature and using crystalline substrates, such as highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and sapphire, changed the assembly mode of 2-Me-β-CD to a head-to-tail channel assembly. However, when a 2-Me-β-CD/1-propanol solution was mixed with linear alkanes as a poor solvent, 2-Me-β-CD with head-to-head channel assembly was formed as a precipitate. Additionally, when the corresponding cyclic alkane was used as an alternative poor solvent, an organogel composed of 2-Me-β-CD with head-to-head channel assemblies was obtained. The organogel obtained became a precipitate composed of 2-Me-β-CD with cage-type assembly upon heating at 50 °C. Among the supramolecular assemblies fabricated in this study, the head-to-tail channel assembly is a rare molecular assembly of β-CD and its derivatives. It possesses a modified columnar cavity that has potential applications in molecular recognition and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine M Kalaw
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hajime Shigemitsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
- Frontier Research Base for Global Young Researchers, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
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Ma M, Feng Z, Zhao M, Du Z, Li Z, Chen W, Wang X, Xing P, Hao A. Fabrication of macrocyclic organogel utilizing solvent balance and its application in vascular supporting materials. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Formation of well-defined supramolecular microstructures consisting of γ-cyclodextrin and polyether —rods, cubes, plates, and nanosheets—guided by guest polymer structure. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Esposito CL, Kirilov P, Roullin VG. Organogels, promising drug delivery systems: an update of state-of-the-art and recent applications. J Control Release 2018; 271:1-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Luan X, Zhang Y, Wu J, Jonkheijm P, Li G, Jiang L, Huskens J, An Q. Bio-inspired Dynamic Gradients Regulated by Supramolecular Bindings in Receptor-Embedded Hydrogel Matrices. ChemistryOpen 2016; 5:331-8. [PMID: 27547643 PMCID: PMC4981054 DOI: 10.1002/open.201600030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinetics of supramolecular bindings are fundamentally important for molecular motions and spatial-temporal distributions in biological systems, but have rarely been employed in preparing artificial materials. This report proposes a bio-inspired concept to regulate dynamic gradients through the coupled supramolecular binding and diffusion process in receptor-embedded hydrogel matrices. A new type of hydrogel that uses cyclodextrin (CD) as both the gelling moiety and the receptors is prepared as the diffusion matrices. The diffusible guest, 4-aminoazobenzene, quickly and reversibly binds to matrices-bound CD during diffusion and generates steeper gradients than regular diffusion. Weakened bindings induced through UV irradiation extend the gradients. Combined with numerical simulation, these results indicate that the coupled binding-diffusion could be viewed as slowed diffusion, regulated jointly by the binding constant and the equilibrium receptor concentrations, and gradients within a bio-relevant extent of 4 mm are preserved up to 90 h. This report should inspire design strategies of biomedical or cell-culturing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Luan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid WastesNational Laboratory of Mineral MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and TechnologyChina University of GeosciencesBeijing100083P. R. China
| | - Yihe Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid WastesNational Laboratory of Mineral MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and TechnologyChina University of GeosciencesBeijing100083P. R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of ScienceChina University of GeosciencesBeijing100083P. R. China
| | - Pascal Jonkheijm
- Molecular Nanofabrication GroupMESA+Institute of NanotechnologyUniversity of Twente, 7500 AEEnschedeThe Netherlands
| | - Guangtao Li
- Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - Jurriaan Huskens
- Molecular Nanofabrication GroupMESA+Institute of NanotechnologyUniversity of Twente, 7500 AEEnschedeThe Netherlands
| | - Qi An
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid WastesNational Laboratory of Mineral MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and TechnologyChina University of GeosciencesBeijing100083P. R. China
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Yang Y, Chen X, Huang D, Ye W. Supramolecular gel based on the cyclodextrin inclusion assembly of Ag-Fe3O4 nanodimers and Pluronic F127. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ogoshi T, Yamagishi TA. New Synthetic Host Pillararenes: Their Synthesis and Application to Supramolecular Materials. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20120245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Ogoshi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University
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Xin F, Xing P, Li S, Hou Y, Hao A. A facile method to construct dual-responsive organogels with color changes. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43242d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Xing P, Chu X, Li S, Hou Y, Ma M, Yang J, Hao A. Self-recovering β-cyclodextrin gel controlled by good/poor solvent environments. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42587h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Stimuli-responsive supramolecular organogels that exhibit a succession of micro-morphologies. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Liu W, Xing P, Xin F, Hou Y, Sun T, Hao J, Hao A. Novel Double Phase Transforming Organogel Based on β-Cyclodextrin in 1,2-Propylene Glycol. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:13106-13. [DOI: 10.1021/jp306462z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface
Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry
of Education, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Pengyao Xing
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface
Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry
of Education, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Feifei Xin
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface
Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry
of Education, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yuehui Hou
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface
Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry
of Education, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface
Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry
of Education, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface
Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry
of Education, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Aiyou Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface
Chemistry (Shandong University), Ministry
of Education, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
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Aoki T, Ogoshi T, Yamagishi TA. Chemically Responsive Supramolecular Structural Change of Pillar[5]arene Nanotubes. CHEM LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2011.795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Kida T, Kishimoto K, Hatano K, Muraoka M, Nakatsuji Y, Akashi M. Acetylated Cyclodextrins as New Organogelators. CHEM LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2010.1206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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