1
|
Ristanović Z, Hofmann JP, Richard MI, Jiang T, Chahine GA, Schülli TU, Meirer F, Weckhuysen BM. X-ray Excited Optical Fluorescence and Diffraction Imaging of Reactivity and Crystallinity in a Zeolite Crystal: Crystallography and Molecular Spectroscopy in One. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 128:7622-7626. [PMID: 27478278 PMCID: PMC4950131 DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationships in heterogeneous catalysis are challenging to be measured on a single-particle level. For the first time, one X-ray beam is used to determine the crystallographic structure and reactivity of a single zeolite crystal. The method generates μm-resolved X-ray diffraction (μ-XRD) and X-ray excited optical fluorescence (μ-XEOF) maps of the crystallinity and Brønsted reactivity of a zeolite crystal previously reacted with a styrene probe molecule. The local gradients in chemical reactivity (derived from μ-XEOF) were correlated with local crystallinity and framework Al content, determined by μ-XRD. Two distinctly different types of fluorescent species formed selectively, depending on the local zeolite crystallinity. The results illustrate the potential of this approach to resolve the crystallographic structure of a porous material and its reactivity in one experiment via X-ray induced fluorescence of organic molecules formed at the reactive centers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Ristanović
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Jan P Hofmann
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 993584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands; Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Ingrid Richard
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility 6 rue Jules Horowitz 38043 Grenoble Cedex France; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM 2NP UMR 7334, 13397 Marseille France
| | - Tao Jiang
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Gilbert A Chahine
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility 6 rue Jules Horowitz 38043 Grenoble Cedex France
| | - Tobias U Schülli
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility 6 rue Jules Horowitz 38043 Grenoble Cedex France
| | - Florian Meirer
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Bert M Weckhuysen
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University Universiteitsweg 99 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ristanović Z, Hofmann JP, Richard MI, Jiang T, Chahine GA, Schülli TU, Meirer F, Weckhuysen BM. X-ray Excited Optical Fluorescence and Diffraction Imaging of Reactivity and Crystallinity in a Zeolite Crystal: Crystallography and Molecular Spectroscopy in One. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:7496-500. [PMID: 27145171 PMCID: PMC4950320 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationships in heterogeneous catalysis are challenging to be measured on a single-particle level. For the first time, one X-ray beam is used to determine the crystallographic structure and reactivity of a single zeolite crystal. The method generates μm-resolved X-ray diffraction (μ-XRD) and X-ray excited optical fluorescence (μ-XEOF) maps of the crystallinity and Brønsted reactivity of a zeolite crystal previously reacted with a styrene probe molecule. The local gradients in chemical reactivity (derived from μ-XEOF) were correlated with local crystallinity and framework Al content, determined by μ-XRD. Two distinctly different types of fluorescent species formed selectively, depending on the local zeolite crystallinity. The results illustrate the potential of this approach to resolve the crystallographic structure of a porous material and its reactivity in one experiment via X-ray induced fluorescence of organic molecules formed at the reactive centers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Ristanović
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan P Hofmann
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Ingrid Richard
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38043, Grenoble Cedex, France.,Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP UMR 7334, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Tao Jiang
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gilbert A Chahine
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38043, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Tobias U Schülli
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38043, Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - Florian Meirer
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert M Weckhuysen
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kubarev AV, Janssen KPF, Roeffaers MBJ. Noninvasive Nanoscopy Uncovers the Impact of the Hierarchical Porous Structure on the Catalytic Activity of Single Dealuminated Mordenite Crystals. ChemCatChem 2015; 7:3646-3650. [PMID: 26697122 PMCID: PMC4676926 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Spatial restrictions around catalytic sites, provided by molecular-sized micropores, are beneficial to reaction selectivity but also inherently limit diffusion. The molecular transport can be enhanced by introducing meso- and macropores. However, the impact of this extraframework porosity on the local nanoscale reactivity is relatively unexplored. Herein we show that the area of enhanced reactivity in hierarchical zeolite, examined with super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, is spatially restricted to narrow zones around meso- and macropores, as observed with focused ion-beam-assisted scanning electron microscopy. This comparison indicates that reagent molecules efficiently reach catalytic active sites only in the micropores surrounding extraframework porosity and that extensive macroporosity does not warrant optimal reactivity distribution throughout a hierarchical porous zeolite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Kubarev
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Kris P F Janssen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Maarten B J Roeffaers
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tang J, Zhou Y, Su W, Liu X, Sun Y. Synthesis of Zeolite SSZ-13 for N2 and CO2 Separation. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1260/0263-6174.31.6.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaodi Tang
- High Pressure Adsorption Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yaping Zhou
- High Pressure Adsorption Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Su
- High Pressure Adsorption Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiuwu Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Yan Sun
- High Pressure Adsorption Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wragg DS, Bleken FL, O'Brien MG, Di Michiel M, Fjellvåg H, Olsbye U. The fast Z-scan method for studying working catalytic reactors with high energy X-ray diffraction: ZSM-5 in the methanol to gasoline process. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:8662-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp44343d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
6
|
Aramburo LR, Ruiz-Martínez J, Hofmann JP, Weckhuysen BM. Imaging the effect of a hydrothermal treatment on the pore accessibility and acidity of large ZSM-5 zeolite crystals by selective staining. Catal Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cy20661g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
7
|
Grunwaldt JD, Wagner JB, Dunin-Borkowski RE. Imaging Catalysts at Work: A Hierarchical Approach from the Macro- to the Meso- and Nano-scale. ChemCatChem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201200356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
8
|
Heterogeneities of individual catalyst particles in space and time as monitored by spectroscopy. Nat Chem 2012; 4:873-86. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
9
|
Olsbye U, Svelle S, Bjørgen M, Beato P, Janssens TVW, Joensen F, Bordiga S, Lillerud KP. Umwandlung von Methanol in Kohlenwasserstoffe: Wie Zeolith-Hohlräume und Porengröße die Produktselektivität bestimmen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201103657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
10
|
Olsbye U, Svelle S, Bjørgen M, Beato P, Janssens TVW, Joensen F, Bordiga S, Lillerud KP. Conversion of methanol to hydrocarbons: how zeolite cavity and pore size controls product selectivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:5810-31. [PMID: 22511469 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201103657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 960] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Liquid hydrocarbon fuels play an essential part in the global energy chain, owing to their high energy density and easy transportability. Olefins play a similar role in the production of consumer goods. In a post-oil society, fuel and olefin production will rely on alternative carbon sources, such as biomass, coal, natural gas, and CO(2). The methanol-to-hydrocarbons (MTH) process is a key step in such routes, and can be tuned into production of gasoline-rich (methanol to gasoline; MTG) or olefin-rich (methanol to olefins; MTO) product mixtures by proper choice of catalyst and reaction conditions. This Review presents several commercial MTH projects that have recently been realized, and also fundamental research into the synthesis of microporous materials for the targeted variation of selectivity and lifetime of the catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Unni Olsbye
- Department of Chemistry, inGAP Centre of Research-based Innovation, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
De Cremer G, Sels BF, De Vos DE, Hofkens J, Roeffaers MBJ. Fluorescence micro(spectro)scopy as a tool to study catalytic materials in action. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:4703-17. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cs00047g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|