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Mortara L, Mukhina T, Chaimovich H, Brezesinski G, van der Vegt NFA, Schneck E. Anion Competition at Positively Charged Surfactant Monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:6949-6961. [PMID: 38502024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c04003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Interactions of anions with hydrophobic surfaces of proteins and water-soluble polymers depend on the ability of the ions to shed their hydration shells. At positively charged surfactant monolayers, the interactions of anions are less well understood. Due to the interplay of electrostatic surface forces, hydration effects, and ion-ion interactions in the electrostatic double layer, a comprehensive microscopic picture remains elusive. Herein, we study the interactions of chloride, bromide, and a mixture of these two anions at the aqueous interface of dihexadecyldimethylammonium (DHDA+) and dioctadecyldimethylammonium (DODA+) cationic monolayers. Using molecular dynamics simulations and three surface-sensitive X-ray scattering techniques, we demonstrate that bromide interacts preferentially over chloride with both monolayers. The structure of the two monolayers and their interfacial electron density profiles obtained from the simulations quantitatively reproduce the experimental data. We observe that chloride and bromide form contact ion pairs with the quaternary ammonium groups on both monolayers. However, ion pairing with bromide leads to a greater reduction in the number of water molecules hydrating the anion, resulting in more energetically stable ion pairs. This leads to long-range (>3 nm) lateral correlations between bromide ions on the structured DODA+ monolayer. These observations indicate that ion hydration is the dominant factor determining the interfacial electrolyte structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mortara
- Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
- Physics Department, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - Tetiana Mukhina
- Physics Department, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - Hernan Chaimovich
- Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Gerald Brezesinski
- Physics Department, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | | | - Emanuel Schneck
- Physics Department, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
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Brezesinski G, Schneck E. Investigating Ions at Amphiphilic Monolayers with X-ray Fluorescence. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:8531-8542. [PMID: 30835476 PMCID: PMC6727669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic monolayers formed at the soft air/liquid interface are easy-to-handle and versatile model systems for material and life sciences. Helmuth Möhwald was one of the pioneers in this field. Over the last few decades, total-reflection X-ray fluorescence (TRXF) has become an important analytical tool for the investigation of monolayer interactions with ions. Here, the theoretical background of TRXF is described, and practical aspects are discussed. The experimentally determined fluorescence intensity from the adsorbed ions can be interpreted quantitatively either by a calibration procedure utilizing monolayers with known charge density or by calibration with respect to the bare aqueous surface. Both calibration approaches yield quantitatively consistent results within <10% accuracy. Some examples demonstrating the power of TRXF for the study of ion adsorption to charged and noncharged monolayers as well as for the characterization of the physicochemical properties of novel cationic lipids used for improved gene delivery are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Brezesinski
- Max Planck Institute of
Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Emanuel Schneck
- Max Planck Institute of
Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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3
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Tassler S, Wölk C, Janich C, Dobner B, Brezesinski G. Lysine-based amino-functionalized lipids for gene transfection: the protonation state in monolayers at the air-liquid interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:20271-20280. [PMID: 28726909 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03107f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cationic lipids are considered as non-viral carriers for genetic material used in gene therapy. They have no carcinogenic potential and cause low immune response compared to existing viral systems. The protonation degree of these cationic lipids is a crucial parameter for the binding behavior of polynucleotides (e.g., DNA). Newly synthesized peptide-mimic lysine-based amino-functionalized lipids have been investigated in 2D models as monolayers at the air-liquid interface. Standard surface pressure - area isotherms have been measured to prove the layer stability. Total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TRXF) has been used as a surface sensitive analytical method to estimate the amount of counterions at the head groups. Using a standard sample as a reference, the protonation degree of these cationic lipids can be quantified on buffers with different pH values. It is found that the protonation degree depends linearly on the packing density of the lipid monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Tassler
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Potsdam-Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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Wölk C, Janich C, Bakowsky U, Langner A, Brezesinski G. Malonic acid based cationic lipids - The way to highly efficient DNA-carriers. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 248:20-34. [PMID: 28842122 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cationic lipids play an important role as non-viral nucleic acid carriers in gene therapy since 3 decades. This review will introduce malonic acid derived cationic lipids as nucleic acid carriers which appeared in the literature dealing with lipofection 10years ago. The family of amino-functionalized branched fatty acid amides will be presented as well as different generations of malonic acid diamides. Both groups of cationic lipids yield lipid mixtures with highly efficient nucleic acid transfer activities in in-vitro cell culture models. The DNA transfer screening of lipid libraries with directed structural variations in the lipophilic as well as in the hydrophilic part of the amphiphiles yields structure/activity relationships. Furthermore, the detailed characterizations of selected lipid composites at the air/water interface and in bulk systems are summarized with regard to transfection determining physical-chemical properties. The findings are also discussed in comparison to results obtained with other families of cationic lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wölk
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Pharmacy, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle, Saale, Germany.
| | - Christopher Janich
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Pharmacy, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - Udo Bakowsky
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Langner
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Pharmacy, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - Gerald Brezesinski
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Potsdam-Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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Moehwald H, Brezesinski G. From Langmuir Monolayers to Multilayer Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:10445-10458. [PMID: 27540629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This feature article is intended to describe a route from Langmuir monolayers as the most suitable and well-defined models to polyelectrolyte multilayers. The latter are structurally controlled not with angstrom but with nanometer precision; however, they are very modular with regard to building blocks and function and are robust, therefore promising many diverse applications. There have been many methods developed to structurally characterize Langmuir monolayers; therefore, they serve as models in membrane biophysics and materials science as well as in general physics as two-dimensional model systems. Many of these methods as well as ideas to control interfaces could be taken over to study polyelectrolyte multilayers with their extended internal interfaces. Finally, as an outlook we try to sketch various aspects to transit toward systems with higher structural hierarchy, enabling the coupling of different functions and arriving at responsive three-dimensional systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmuth Moehwald
- Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Gerald Brezesinski
- Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Structural characterization of soft interfaces by standing-wave fluorescence with X-rays and neutrons. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Stefaniu C, Brezesinski G, Möhwald H. Langmuir monolayers as models to study processes at membrane surfaces. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 208:197-213. [PMID: 24612663 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of new sophisticated and highly surface sensitive techniques as synchrotron based X-ray scattering techniques and in-house infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) has revolutionized the monolayer research. Not only the determination of monolayer structures but also interactions between amphiphilic monolayers at the soft air/liquid interface and molecules dissolved in the subphase are important for many areas in material and life sciences. Monolayers are convenient quasi-two-dimensional model systems. This review focuses on interactions between amphiphilic molecules in binary and ternary mixtures as well as on interfacial interactions with interesting biomolecules dissolved in the subphase. The phase state of monolayers can be easily triggered at constant temperature by increasing the packing density of the lipids by compression. Simultaneously the monolayer structure changes are followed in situ by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction or IRRAS. The interactions can be indirectly determined by the observed structure changes. Additionally, the yield of enzymatic reaction can be quantitatively determined, secondary structures of peptides and proteins can be measured and compared with those observed in bulk. In this way, the influence of a confinement on the structural properties of biomolecules can be determined. The adsorption of DNA can be quantified as well as the competing adsorption of ions at charged interfaces. The influence of modified nanoparticles on model membranes can be clearly determined. In this review, the relevance and utility of Langmuir monolayers as suitable models to study physical and chemical interactions at membrane surfaces are clearly demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Stefaniu
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Potsdam-Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Gerald Brezesinski
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Potsdam-Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Helmuth Möhwald
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Potsdam-Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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Stefaniu C, Brezesinski G. X-ray investigation of monolayers formed at the soft air/water interface. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Paiva D, Brezesinski G, Pereira MDC, Rocha S. Langmuir monolayers of monocationic lipid mixed with cholesterol or fluorocholesterol: DNA adsorption studies. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:1920-1925. [PMID: 23356402 DOI: 10.1021/la304012e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Monolayers of the cationic lipid DOTAP (1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane) and cholesterol or heptafluorocholesterol were prepared, and their interaction with DNA was characterized. The mixture of DOTAP with each of the sterols at 1:1 molar ratios leads to monolayers in a liquid expanded state, similarly to that of DOTAP alone. The area per molecule of the mixtures was smaller than that expected according to the additivity rule applicable if the two components are either completely miscible or immiscible within the monolayer. The observed negative deviation from the additivity indicates the existence of additional attractive interactions between the components. The surface potential of DOTAP monolayer is positive (+560 mV). It decreases only slightly after the addition of cholesterol (+540 mV) but drastically after the addition of heptafluorocholesterol (+20 mV) in the 1:1 mixtures at a surface pressure of 35 mN/m. This difference is attributed to the negative dipole moment of the fluorinated component. The adsorption of DNA is similar for both systems, which supports the possibility of using fluorinated cholesterol as helper lipid in DNA transfection vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Paiva
- LEPAE, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Wojciechowski K, Gutberlet T, Konovalov O. Anion-specificity at water–air interface probed by total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TRXF). Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Dabkowska AP, Barlow DJ, Campbell RA, Hughes AV, Quinn PJ, Lawrence MJ. Effect of Helper Lipids on the Interaction of DNA with Cationic Lipid Monolayers Studied by Specular Neutron Reflection. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:2391-401. [DOI: 10.1021/bm300639n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. P. Dabkowska
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
Science, School of Biomedical Sciences, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH,
U.K
| | - D. J. Barlow
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
Science, School of Biomedical Sciences, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH,
U.K
| | - R. A. Campbell
- Institut Laue-Langevin, B.P. 156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - A. V. Hughes
- ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 OQX, U.K
| | - P. J. Quinn
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
Science, School of Biomedical Sciences, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH,
U.K
| | - M. J. Lawrence
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
Science, School of Biomedical Sciences, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH,
U.K
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Bohinc K, Brezesinski G, May S. Modeling the influence of adsorbed DNA on the lateral pressure and tilt transition of a zwitterionic lipid monolayer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:10613-21. [PMID: 22751623 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40923b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Certain lipid monolayers at the air-water interface undergo a second-order transition from a tilted to an untilted liquid-crystalline state of their lipid hydrocarbon chains at sufficiently large lateral pressure. Recent experimental observations demonstrate that in the presence of divalent cations DNA adsorbs onto a zwitterionic lipid monolayer and decreases the tilt transition pressure. Lowering of the tilt transition pressure indicates that the DNA condenses the lipid monolayer laterally. To rationalize this finding we analyze a theoretical model that combines a phenomenological Landau approach with an extension of the Poisson-Boltzmann model to zwitterionic lipids. Based on numerical calculations of the mean-field electrostatic free energy of a zwitterionic lipid monolayer-DNA complex in the presence of divalent cations, we analyze the thermodynamic equilibrium of DNA adsorption. We find that adsorbed DNA induces a 10% reduction of the electrostatic contribution to the lateral pressure exerted by the monolayer. This result implies a small but notable decrease in the tilt transition pressure. Additional mechanisms due to ion-ion correlations and headgroup reorientations are likely to further enhance this decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klemen Bohinc
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Tsuji
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Department of Applied Chemistry & Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshio Takahashi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Systems Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Kouichi Hayashi
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Chul-Un Ro
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253 Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon, 402-751, Korea
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Hoernke M, Koksch B, Brezesinski G. Amyloidogenic peptides at hydrophobic-hydrophilic interfaces: coordination affinities and the chelate effect dictate the competitive binding of Cu2+ and Zn2+. Chemphyschem 2011; 12:2225-9. [PMID: 21751332 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hoernke
- Department of Interfaces, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, Potsdam, Germany.
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Mulet X, Kaasgaard T, Conn CE, Waddington LJ, Kennedy DF, Weerawardena A, Drummond CJ. Nanostructured nonionic thymidine nucleolipid self-assembly materials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:18415-18423. [PMID: 21058676 DOI: 10.1021/la103370q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Three nucleoside lipids have been synthesized: 3'-oleoylthymidine, 3',5'-dioleoylthymidine, and 3'-phytanoylthymidine. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction have been employed to characterize the physical properties of these neat lipids. Polarizing optical microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, and cryo-transmission electron microscopy techniques have been used to investigate the phase behavior in aqueous systems. Both oleoyl-based nucleoside lipids adopted a lamellar crystalline phase in the neat form at room temperature, and the phytanoyl derivative exhibited a fluid isotropic phase. Under excess water conditions, the presence of one branched (phytanoyl) or one unsaturated (oleoyl) chain promoted the formation of a liquid-crystalline lamellar phase at physiological temperatures. In contrast, the 3',5'-dioleoylthymidine derivative is nonswelling and does not exhibit lyotropic liquid-crystalline phase behavior. The nucleolipids' propensity for DNA-type binding and recognition has been evaluated by using a monolayer system to measure surface pressure-area isotherms in a Langmuir trough and indicates that the nucleoside base is available for nonspecific hydrogen bonding in the monolayer liquid expanded state for the single-chain nucleolipids but not for the dual-chain amphiphile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Mulet
- CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Bag 10, Clayton South MDC, VIC 3169, Australia
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