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Liu Y, Xu L. Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Two-Dimensional Monolayer Films of Gold Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Determination of Melamine. ANAL LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2023.2174132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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2
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Reduction of Ag+ irreversibly adsorbed on cyanide-modified Pt(111). J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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3
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Gorenskaia E, Turner KL, Martín S, Cea P, Low PJ. Fabrication of metallic and non-metallic top electrodes for large-area molecular junctions. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:9055-9074. [PMID: 34042128 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00917f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecular junctions have proven invaluable tools through which to explore the electronic properties of molecules and molecular monolayers. In seeking to develop a viable molecular electronics based technology it becomes essential to be able to reliably create larger area molecular junctions by contacting molecular monolayers to both bottom and top electrodes. The assembly of monolayers onto a conducting substrate by self-assembly, Langmuir-Blodgett and other methods is well established. However, the deposition of top-contact electrodes without film penetration or damage from the growing electrode material has proven problematic. This Review highlights the challenges of this area, and presents a selective overview of methods that have been used to solve these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gorenskaia
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Kelly L Turner
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Santiago Martín
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain and Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain and Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA). Universidad de Zaragoza, Edificio I+D+i. 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Cea
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain and Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain and Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA). Universidad de Zaragoza, Edificio I+D+i. 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Paul J Low
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
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4
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Yao Z, Buck M, Bühl M. Density Functional Theory Study of Pd Aggregation on a Pyridine-Terminated Self-Assembled Monolayer. Chemistry 2020; 26:10555-10563. [PMID: 32428284 PMCID: PMC7497155 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
By using density functional theory calculations, the initial steps towards Pd metal cluster formation on a pyridine-terminated self-assembled monolayer (SAM) consisting of 3-(4-(pyridine-4-yl)phenyl)propane-1-thiol on an Au(1 1 1) surface are investigated. Theoretical modelling allows the investigation of structural details of the SAM surface and the metal/SAM interface at the atomic level, which is essential for elucidating the nature of Pd-SAM and Pd-Pd interactions at the liquid/solid interface and gaining insight into the mechanism of metal nucleation in the initial stage of electrodeposition. The structural flexibility of SAM molecules was studied first and the most stable conformation was identified, planar molecules in a herringbone packing, as the model for Pd adsorption. Two binding sites are found for Pd atoms on the pyridine end group of the SAM. The strong interaction between Pd atoms and pyridines illustrates the importance of SAM functionalisation in the metal nucleation process. Consistent with an energetic driving force of approximately -0.3 eV per Pd atom towards Pd aggregation suggested by static calculations, a spontaneous Pd dimerisation is observed in ab initio molecular dynamic studies of the system. Nudged elastic band calculations suggest a potential route with a low energy barrier of 0.10 eV for the Pd atom diffusion and then dimerisation on top of the SAM layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yao
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
| | - Manfred Buck
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
| | - Michael Bühl
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
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5
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She Z, Yao Z, Ménard H, Tobish S, Lahaye D, Champness NR, Buck M. Coordination controlled electrodeposition and patterning of layers of palladium/copper nanoparticles on top of a self-assembled monolayer. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:13773-13782. [PMID: 31305824 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03927a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A scheme for the generation of bimetallic nanoparticles is presented which combines electrodeposition of one type of metal, coordinated to a self-assembled monolayer (SAM), with another metal deposited from the bulk electrolyte. In this way PdCu nanoparticles are generated by initial complexation of Pd2+ to a SAM of 3-(4-(pyridine-4-yl)phenyl)propane-1-thiol (PyP3) on Au/mica and subsequent reduction in an acidic aqueous CuSO4 electrolyte. Cyclic voltammetry reveals that the onset of Cu deposition is triggered by Pd reduction. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) shows that layers of connected particles are formed with an average thickness of less than 3 nm and lateral dimensions of particles in the range of 2 to 5 nm. In X-ray photoelectron spectra a range of binding energies for the Pd 3d signal is observed whereas the Cu 2p signal appears at a single binding energy, even though chemically different Cu species are present: normal and more noble Cu. Up to three components are seen in the N 1s signal, one originating from protonated pyridine moieties, the others reflecting the SAM-metal interaction. It is suggested that the coordination controlled electrodeposition yields layers of particles composed of a Pd core and a Cu shell with a transition region of a PdCu alloy. Deposited on top of the PyP3 SAM, the PdCu particles exhibit weak adhesion which is exploited for patterning by selective removal of particles employing scanning probe techniques. The potential for patterning down to the sub-10 nm scale is demonstrated. Harnessing the deposition contrast between native and PdCu loaded PyP3 SAMs, structures thus created can be developed into patterned continuous layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe She
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Zhen Yao
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
| | - Hervé Ménard
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Forensic Science, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Sven Tobish
- Drochaid Research Services, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Dorothée Lahaye
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Neil R Champness
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Manfred Buck
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK.
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6
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Wattanavichean N, Gilby M, Nichols RJ, Arnolds H. Detection of Metal–Molecule–Metal Junction Formation by Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2019; 91:2644-2651. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nungnit Wattanavichean
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Gilby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Nichols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Heike Arnolds
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
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7
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Reduction of Pd2+ pre-adsorbed on cyanide-modified Pt(111) electrodes: Adlayer metallization vs. metal-on-metal deposition. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.08.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Ünal ÖF, Yeşildağ A, Ekinci D. Synthesis of gold nanoparticles on diazonium-generated heteroaryl films and their electrocatalytic activities. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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9
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Kang JS, Sohn Y, Pradhan D, Leung KT. Bimetallic Au@M (M = Ag, Pd, Fe, and Cu) Nanoarchitectures Mediated by 1,4-Phenylene Diisocyanide Functionalization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:2849-2855. [PMID: 29400974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization with gold has attracted a lot of attention in many application areas such as energy, nanomedicine, and catalysts. Here, we demonstrate electrochemical hybridization of two different metals by using bare and 1,4-phenylene diisocyanide (PDI) functionalized gold nanoislands (GNIs) supported on a Si substrate. As pristine GNIs are not tightly locked on the Si surface, bimetallic Au@M (M = Ag, Pd, Fe, and Cu) core-shell type nanostructures are produced by an electric-field-induced clustering of GNIs and metal deposition. On the other hand, upon functionalization of GNIs by PDI, 3D island growth on the functionalized GNI template is observed as PDI acts as a protector against the electric-field-induced clustering. Depth-profiling X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals no discernible difference in the interfacial electronic structures of hybrid metals prepared by using pristine and PDI-functionalized GNI templates. This work demonstrates a new approach to produce a secured template and to manipulate growth of hybrid nanoparticles on this template supported on a Si substrate by using electrodeposition and organic functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Soo Kang
- WATLab and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Youngku Sohn
- WATLab and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Debabrata Pradhan
- WATLab and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Kam Tong Leung
- WATLab and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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10
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Herrer L, Sebastian V, Martín S, González-Orive A, Pérez-Murano F, Low PJ, Serrano JL, Santamaría J, Cea P. High surface coverage of a self-assembled monolayer by in situ synthesis of palladium nanodeposits. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:13281-13290. [PMID: 28858363 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03365f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nascent metal|monolayer|metal devices have been fabricated by depositing palladium, produced through a CO-confined growth method, onto a self-assembled monolayer of an amine-terminated oligo(phenylene ethynylene) derivative on a gold bottom electrode. The high surface area coverage (85%) of the organic monolayer by densely packed palladium particles was confirmed by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The electrical properties of these nascent Au|monolayer|Pd assemblies were determined from the I-V curves recorded with a conductive-AFM using the Peak Force Tunneling AFM (PF-TUNA™) mode. The I-V curves together with the electrochemical experiments performed rule out the formation of short-circuits due to palladium penetration through the monolayer, suggesting that the palladium deposition strategy is an effective method for the fabrication of molecular junctions without damaging the organic layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Herrer
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain. and Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquilor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain and Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Victor Sebastian
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain. and Networking Biomedical Research Center of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain and Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología del Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquilor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Santiago Martín
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alejandro González-Orive
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain. and Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquilor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain and Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francesc Pérez-Murano
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Paul J Low
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - José Luis Serrano
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain. and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Santamaría
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain. and Networking Biomedical Research Center of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, 28029 Madrid, Spain and Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología del Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquilor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Cea
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain. and Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Campus Río Ebro, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquilor, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain and Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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11
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Paradinas M, Munuera C, Buck M, Ocal C. In-Situ Scrutiny of the Relationship between Polymorphic Phases and Properties of Self-Assembled Monolayers of a Biphenyl Based Thiol. J Phys Chem B 2017; 122:657-665. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b05958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markos Paradinas
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Munuera
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manfred Buck
- EaStCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY169ST, U.K
| | - Carmen Ocal
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193-Barcelona, Spain
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12
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González MCR, Orive AG, Salvarezza RC, Creus AH. Electrodeposition of gold nanoparticles on aryl diazonium monolayer functionalized HOPG surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 18:1953-60. [PMID: 26685776 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06415e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticle electrodeposition on a modified HOPG surface with a monolayer organic film based on aryl diazonium chemistry has been studied. This organic monolayer is electrochemically grown with the use of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), a radical scavenger. The electrodeposition of gold on this modified surface is highly favored resulting in an AuNP surface density comparable to that found on glassy carbon. AuNPs grow only in the areas covered by the organic monolayer leaving free clean HOPG zones. A progressive mechanism for the nucleation and growth is followed giving hemispherical AuNPs, homogeneously distributed on the surface and their sizes can be well controlled by the applied electrodeposition potential. By using AFM, C-AFM and electrochemical measurements with the aid of two redox probes, namely Fe(CN)6(4-)/Fe(CN)6(3-) and dopamine, relevant results about the electrochemical modified surface as well as the gold nanoparticles electrodeposited on them are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C R González
- Área de Química Física, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto de Materiales y Nanotecnología, Avda. Francisco Sánchez s/n, 38071-La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
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13
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14
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<i>n</i>-Alkane Monolayer on a Au(111) Template for Metal Growth<i><sup> </sup></i>. E-JOURNAL OF SURFACE SCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2015.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Martín S, Pera G, Ballesteros LM, Hope AJ, Marqués-González S, Low PJ, Pérez-Murano F, Nichols RJ, Cea P. Towards the Fabrication of the Top-Contact Electrode in Molecular Junctions by Photoreduction of a Metal Precursor. Chemistry 2014; 20:3421-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Wang C, Lu W, Tong Y, Zheng Y, Yang Y. The application of ionic liquid-based system in the extraction of palladium: synthesis, characterization and computer calculation of palladium complexes. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07563c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The extraction is less H+ dependent with less ionic liquid loss and palladium complex crystals can also be quickly prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregated Materials of Education Ministry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Lu
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Jinan 250062, P. R. China
| | - Yu Tong
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregated Materials of Education Ministry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregated Materials of Education Ministry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yanzhao Yang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregated Materials of Education Ministry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100, P. R. China
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17
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Jacob H, Kathirvel K, Petersen F, Strunskus T, Bannwarth A, Meyer S, Tuczek F. Grafting of functionalized [Fe(III)(salten)] complexes to Au(111) surfaces via thiolate groups: surface spectroscopic characterization and comparison of different linker designs. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:8534-8543. [PMID: 23751117 DOI: 10.1021/la400663y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Functionalization of surfaces with spin crossover complexes is an intensively studied topic. Starting from dinuclear iron(III)-salten complexes [Fe(salten)(pyS)]2(BPh4)2 and [Fe(thiotolylsalten)(NCS)]2 with disulfide-containing bridging ligands, corresponding mononuclear complexes [Fe(salten)(pyS)](+) and [Fe(thiotolylsalten)(NCS)] are covalently attached to Au(111) surfaces (pySH, pyridinethiol; salten, bis(3-salicylidene-aminopropyl)amine). The adsorbed monolayers are investigated by infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) in combination with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS). Comparison of the surface vibrational spectra with bulk data allows us to draw conclusions with respect to the geometry of the adsorbed complexes. An anomaly is observed in the spectra of the surface-adsorbed monolayer of [Fe(salten)(pyS)](+), which suggests that the salten ligand is partially decoordinated from the Fe(III) center and one of its phenolate arms binds to the Au(111) surface. For complex [Fe(thiotolylsalten)(NCS)] that is bound to the Au(111) surface via a thiolate-functionalized salten ligand, this anomaly is not observed, which indicates that the coordination sphere of the complex in the bulk is retained on the surface. The implications of these results with respect to the preparation of surface-adsorbed monolayers of functional transition-metal complexes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Jacob
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Max-Eyth-Strasse 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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18
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Muglali MI, Erbe A, Chen Y, Barth C, Koelsch P, Rohwerder M. Modulation of electrochemical hydrogen evolution rate by araliphatic thiol monolayers on gold. Electrochim Acta 2013; 90. [PMID: 24235778 DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.11.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electroreductive desorption of a highly ordered self-assembled monolayer (SAM) formed by the araliphatic thiol (4-(4-(4-pyridyl)phenyl)phenyl)methanethiol leads to a concurrent rapid hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The desorption process and resulting interfacial structure were investigated by voltammetric techniques, in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry, and in situ vibrational sum-frequency-generation (SFG) spectroscopy. Voltammetric experiments on SAM-modified electrodes exhibit extraordinarily high peak currents, which di er between Au(111) and polycrystalline Au substrates. Association of reductive desorption with HER is shown to be the origin of the observed excess cathodic charges. The studied SAM preserves its two-dimensional order near Au surface throughout a fast voltammetric scan even when the vertex potential is set several hundred millivolt beyond the desorption potential. A model is developed for the explanation of the observed rapid HER involving ordering and pre-orientation of water present in the nanometer-sized reaction volume between desorbed SAM and the Au electrode, by the structurally extremely stable monolayer, leading to the observed catalysis of the HER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutlu I Muglali
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Department of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
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19
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Richter S, Poppenberg J, Traulsen CHH, Darlatt E, Sokolowski A, Sattler D, Unger WES, Schalley CA. Deposition of Ordered Layers of Tetralactam Macrocycles and Ether Rotaxanes on Pyridine-Terminated Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:16289-97. [DOI: 10.1021/ja306212m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Richter
- Institut für Chemie und
Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Poppenberg
- Institut für Chemie und
Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph H.-H. Traulsen
- Institut für Chemie und
Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Erik Darlatt
- BAM-Bundesanstalt für
Materialforschung und -prüfung, Unter den Eichen 44-46, 12203
Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Sokolowski
- Institut für Chemie und
Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Sattler
- Institut für Chemie und
Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E. S. Unger
- BAM-Bundesanstalt für
Materialforschung und -prüfung, Unter den Eichen 44-46, 12203
Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph A. Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und
Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Traulsen CHH, Darlatt E, Richter S, Poppenberg J, Hoof S, Unger WES, Schalley CA. Intermixed terpyridine-functionalized monolayers on gold: nonlinear relationship between terpyridyl density and metal ion coordination properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:10755-10763. [PMID: 22741945 DOI: 10.1021/la301644r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Aiming at the functionalization of surfaces with terpyridine anchors for the coordinative deposition of additional layers, mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were prepared from binary solutions of 12-(2,2':6',2″-terpyridine-4'-yl)dodecane-1-thiol (TDT) and 1-decanethiol (DT). The SAMs and the order of the constituting molecules were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS), and time-of-flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The composition of the (TDT/DT)-SAMs and with it the surface density of terpyridyl groups correlates linearly with the relative concentrations of the two compounds in the solution used for depositing them. In marked contrast, the amount of terpyridine-coordinated Pd(II) ions significantly deviates from this trend with an optimum at a 1:3 ratio of TDT/DT. This indicates a major fraction of the terpyridines in TDT-rich SAMs not to be accessible for Pd(II) ion coordination. In agreement, NEXAFS spectroscopy reveals the alkyl backbones in TDT-rich SAMs not to be ordered, while they are preferentially upright oriented in the optimal 1:3-(TDT/DT)-SAMs. We interpret this in terms of terpyridine backfolding in TDT-rich SAMs, while they are located in accessible positions on top of the SAM in the 1:3-(TDT/DT)-SAM. While the alkyl backbones in the 1:3-(TDT/DT)-SAM are ordered, NEXAFS spectroscopy shows the terpyridyl groups not to have a preferential orientation in this SAM and thus retain enough flexibility to adjust to molecules that are deposited on top of the mixed SAM. In conclusion, the novel SAM does not undergo phase separation and consists predominantly of intermixed phases with adjustable surface density of quite flexible terpyridine anchor groups. The terpyridine-Pd(II) anchors are not only available for a future deposition of the next layer, but the metal ions also represent a sensitive probe for the accessibility of the terpyridyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph H-H Traulsen
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie der Freien Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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She Z, DiFalco A, Hähner G, Buck M. Electron-beam patterned self-assembled monolayers as templates for Cu electrodeposition and lift-off. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 3:101-13. [PMID: 22428101 PMCID: PMC3304313 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.3.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of 4'-methylbiphenyl-4-thiol (MBP0) adsorbed on polycrystalline gold substrates served as templates to control electrochemical deposition of Cu structures from acidic solution, and enabled the subsequent lift-off of the metal structures by attachment to epoxy glue. By exploiting the negative-resist behaviour of MBP0, the SAM was patterned by means of electron-beam lithography. For high deposition contrast a two-step procedure was employed involving a nucleation phase around -0.7 V versus Cu(2+)/Cu and a growth phase at around -0.35 V versus Cu(2+)/Cu. Structures with features down to 100 nm were deposited and transferred with high fidelity. By using substrates with different surface morphologies, AFM measurements revealed that the roughness of the substrate is a crucial factor but not the only one determining the roughness of the copper surface that is exposed after lift-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe She
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Andrea DiFalco
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Georg Hähner
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Manfred Buck
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, U.K
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Muglali MI, Bashir A, Birkner A, Rohwerder M. Hydrogen as an optimum reducing agent for metallization of self-assembled monolayers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32111d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Su X, Zhan X, Hinds BJ. Pt monolayer deposition onto carbon nanotube mattes with high electrochemical activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm15395e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Muglali MI, Liu J, Bashir A, Borissov D, Xu M, Wang Y, Wöll C, Rohwerder M. On the complexation kinetics for metallization of organic layers: palladium onto a pyridine-terminated araliphatic thiol film. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:4703-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40072c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kučera J, Gross A. Reduced Pd density of states in Pd/SAM/Au junctions: the role of adsorbed hydrogen atoms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:2353-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp22740a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kučera
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
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Maeda H, Sakamoto R, Nishimori Y, Sendo J, Toshimitsu F, Yamanoi Y, Nishihara H. Bottom-up fabrication of redox-active metal complex oligomer wires on an H-terminated Si(111) surface. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:8644-6. [PMID: 21725533 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc12832a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Linear and branched Fe(tpy)(2) complex oligomer wires were quantitatively formed on hydrogen-terminated silicon wafers by means of hydrosilylation of ethynylterpyridine and following stepwise coordination reactions, and the redox property of surface-attached species and its photosensitivity can be controlled by the doping density of the silicon wafers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Feng G, Niu T, You X, Wan Z, Kong Q, Bi S. Studies on the effect of electrode pretreatment on the coverage of self-assembled monolayers of dodecanethiol on gold by electrochemical reductive desorption determination. Analyst 2011; 136:5058-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15642j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Muglali MI, Bashir A, Terfort A, Rohwerder M. Electrochemical investigations on stability and protonation behavior of pyridine-terminated aromatic self-assembled monolayers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:15530-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21469a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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