1
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Roy G, Gupta R, Ranjan Sahoo S, Saha S, Asthana D, Chandra Mondal P. Ferrocene as an iconic redox marker: From solution chemistry to molecular electronic devices. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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2
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Salonen J, Mäkilä E. Thermally Carbonized Porous Silicon and Its Recent Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1703819. [PMID: 29484727 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in research on thermally carbonized porous silicon (TCPSi) and its applications is reported. Despite a slow start, thermal carbonization has now started to gain interest mainly due to new emerging areas for applications. These new areas, such as optical sensing, drug delivery, and energy storage, require stable surface chemistry and physical properties. TCPSi is known to have all of these desired properties. Herein, the above-listed properties of TCPSi are summarized, and the carbonization processes, functionalization, and characterization of TCPSi are reviewed. Moreover, some of the emerging fields of TCPSi applications are discussed and recent advances in the fields are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarno Salonen
- Industrial Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Ermei Mäkilä
- Industrial Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
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3
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Pujari S, Filippov AD, Gangarapu S, Zuilhof H. High-Density Modification of H-Terminated Si(111) Surfaces Using Short-Chain Alkynes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:14599-14607. [PMID: 29240433 PMCID: PMC6150740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
H-Si(111)-terminated surfaces were alkenylated via two routes: through a novel one-step gas-phase hydrosilylation reaction with short alkynes (C3 to C6) and for comparison via a two-step chlorination and Grignard alkenylation process. All modified surfaces were characterized by static water contact angles and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Propenyl- and butenyl-coated Si(111) surfaces display a significantly higher packing density than conventional C10-C18 alkyne-derived monolayers, showing the potential of this approach. In addition, propyne chemisorption proceeds via either of two approaches: the standard hydrosilylation at the terminal carbon (lin) at temperatures above 90 °C and an unprecedented reaction at the second carbon (iso) at temperatures below 90 °C. Molecular modeling revealed that the packing energy of a monolayer bonded at the second carbon is significantly more favorable, which drives iso-attachment, with a dense packing of surface-bound iso-propenyl chains at 40% surface coverage, in line with the experiments at <90 °C. The highest density monolayers are obtained at 130 °C and show a linear attachment of 1-propenyl chains with 92% surface coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidharam
P. Pujari
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexei D. Filippov
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Satesh Gangarapu
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, People’s
Republic of China
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King
Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Silva OF, H. de Rossi R, Fernández MA. Important double bond effect on the aggregation behavior of an alkenyl succinic acid derivative. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Fabre
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS/Université de Rennes 1, Matière Condensée et Systèmes Electroactifs MaCSE, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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6
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Höhlein IMD, Kehrle J, Purkait TK, Veinot JGC, Rieger B. Photoluminescent silicon nanocrystals with chlorosilane surfaces--synthesis and reactivity. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:914-918. [PMID: 25474072 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05888g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a new efficient two-step method to covalently functionalize hydride terminated silicon nanocrystals with nucleophiles. First a reactive chlorosilane layer was formed via diazonium salt initiated hydrosilylation of chlorodimethyl(vinyl)silane which was then reacted with alcohols, silanols and organolithium reagents. With organolithium compounds a side reaction is observed in which a direct functionalization of the silicon surface takes place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignaz M D Höhlein
- Wacker-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.
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7
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Höhlein IMD, Angı A, Sinelnikov R, Veinot JGC, Rieger B. Functionalization of Hydride-Terminated Photoluminescent Silicon Nanocrystals with Organolithium Reagents. Chemistry 2014; 21:2755-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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8
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Yzambart G, Fabre B, Roisnel T, Dorcet V, Ababou-Girard S, Meriadec C, Lorcy D. Assembly of Platinum Diimine Dithiolate Complexes onto Hydrogen-Terminated Silicon Surfaces. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5000369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Yzambart
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Fabre
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Dorcet
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Soraya Ababou-Girard
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, Département
Matériaux et Nanosciences, Campus de Beaulieu, UMR 6251 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Cristelle Meriadec
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, Département
Matériaux et Nanosciences, Campus de Beaulieu, UMR 6251 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Dominique Lorcy
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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9
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Collins G, O'Dwyer C, Morris M, Holmes JD. Palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions for the functionalization of Si surfaces: superior stability of alkenyl monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:11950-11958. [PMID: 23968278 DOI: 10.1021/la402480f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira coupling reactions were studied as reaction protocols for organic modification of Si surfaces. These synthetically useful protocols allow for surface modification of alkene, alkyne, and halide terminated surfaces. Surface oxidation and metal contamination were assessed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The nature of the primary passivation layer was an important factor in the oxidation resistance of the Si surface during the secondary functionalization. Specifically, the use of alkynes as the primary functionalization layer gave superior stability compared to alkene analogues. The ability to utilize Pd-catalyzed coupling chemistries on Si surfaces opens great versatility for potential molecular and nanoscale electronics and sensing/biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Collins
- Department of Chemistry and the Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork , Cork, Ireland
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10
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Fabre B, Li Y, Scheres L, Pujari SP, Zuilhof H. Light-Activated Electroactive Molecule-Based Memory Microcells Confined on a Silicon Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201304688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Fabre B, Li Y, Scheres L, Pujari SP, Zuilhof H. Light-Activated Electroactive Molecule-Based Memory Microcells Confined on a Silicon Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12024-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201304688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Green K, Gauthier N, Sahnoune H, Halet JF, Paul F, Fabre B. Covalent Immobilization of Redox-Active Fe(κ2-dppe)(η5-C5Me5)-Based π-Conjugated Wires on Oxide-Free Hydrogen-Terminated Silicon Surfaces. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om4006017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katy Green
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus
de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Gauthier
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus
de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Hiba Sahnoune
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus
de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Jean-François Halet
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus
de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Paul
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus
de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Fabre
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus
de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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13
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Green K, Gauthier N, Sahnoune H, Argouarch G, Toupet L, Costuas K, Bondon A, Fabre B, Halet JF, Paul F. Synthesis and Characterization of Redox-Active Mononuclear Fe(κ2-dppe)(η5-C5Me5)-Terminated π-Conjugated Wires. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400515g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katy Green
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Gauthier
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Hiba Sahnoune
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Gilles Argouarch
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Loic Toupet
- Institut de Physique de Rennes,
UMR 6251 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Karine Costuas
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Arnaud Bondon
- RMN-ILP, UMR 6026 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, IFR 140, PRISM, CS 34317,
Campus de Villejean, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Fabre
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Jean-François Halet
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Frédéric Paul
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques
de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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14
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Pujari SP, van Andel E, Yaffe O, Cahen D, Weidner T, van Rijn CJM, Zuilhof H. Mono-fluorinated alkyne-derived SAMs on oxide-free Si(111) surfaces: preparation, characterization and tuning of the Si workfunction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:570-580. [PMID: 23286894 DOI: 10.1021/la303403v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Organic monolayers derived from ω-fluoro-1-alkynes of varying carbon chain lengths (C(10)-C(18)) were prepared on Si(111) surfaces, resulting in changes of the physical and electronic properties of the surface. Analysis of the monolayers using XPS, Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy, ellipsometry and static water contact angle measurements provided information regarding the monolayer thickness, the tilt angle, and the surface coverage. Additionally, PCFF molecular mechanics studies were used to obtain information on the optimal packing density and the layer thickness, which were compared to the experimentally found data. From the results, it can be concluded that the monolayers derived from longer chain lengths are more ordered, possess a lower tilt angle, and have a higher surface coverage than monolayers derived from shorter chains. We also demonstrate that by substitution of an H by F atom in the terminal group, it is possible to controllably modify the surface potential and energy barrier for charge transport in a full metal/monolayer-semiconductor (MOMS) junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidharam P Pujari
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Pujari SP, Spruijt E, Cohen Stuart MA, van Rijn CJM, Paulusse JMJ, Zuilhof H. Ultralow adhesion and friction of fluoro-hydro alkyne-derived self-assembled monolayers on H-terminated Si(111). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:17690-17700. [PMID: 23234602 DOI: 10.1021/la303893u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
New fluorine-containing terminal alkynes were synthesized and self-assembled onto Si(111) substrates to obtain fluorine-containing organic monolayers. The monolayers were analyzed in detail by ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (FT-IRRAS), static water contact angle measurements (CA), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The SAMs exhibit excellent hydrophobicity, with static water contact angles of up to 119° and low critical surface tensions of 5-20 mN/m depending on the number of F atoms per molecule. IRRAS confirmed the formation of highly ordered monolayers, as indicated by the antisymmetric and symmetric stretching vibrations of the CH(2) moieties at 2918-2920 and 2850-2851 cm(-1), respectively. Upon increasing the number of fluorine atoms in the alkyne chains from 0 to 17, the adhesion of bare silica probes to the SAMs in air decreases from 11.6 ± 0.20 mJ/m(2) for fluorine-free (F0) alkyne monolayers to as low as 3.2 ± 0.03 mJ/m(2) for a heptadecafluoro-hexadecyne (F17)-based monolayer. Likewise, the friction coefficient decreases from 5.7 × 10(-2) to 1.2 × 10(-2). The combination of high ordering, excellent hydrophobicity, low adhesion, and low friction makes these fluoro-hydro alkyne-derived monolayers highly promising candidates for use in high-performance microelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidharam P Pujari
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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16
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Weeks SL, Macco B, van de Sanden MCM, Agarwal S. Gas-phase hydrosilylation of plasma-synthesized silicon nanocrystals with short- and long-chain alkynes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:17295-17301. [PMID: 23173936 DOI: 10.1021/la3030952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Surface passivation of Si nanocrystals (NCs) is necessary to enable their utilization in novel photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices. Herein, we report the surface passivation of plasma-synthesized, H-terminated Si NCs via gas-phase hydrosilylation using a combination of short- and long-chain alkynes. Specifically, using in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, we show that a sequential exposure of the Si NC surface to acetylene and phenylacetylene results in a surface alkenyl coverage of ∼58%, which is close to the theoretical maximum of ∼55% and ∼60% predicted for alkyl- and alkenyl-terminated Si(111) surfaces, respectively. We attribute this unprecedented high surface hydrocarbon coverage to the combination of short- and long-chain alkynes that reduce the steric hindrance on the surface, higher reactivity of 1-alkynes versus 1-alkenes of the same chain length, and the smaller van der Waals radius of the alkenyl groups compared to the alkyl groups. Unlike 1-alkenes, 1-alkynes also react with the surface to form the 1,1- and 1,2-bridge structures via the bis-hydrosilylation reaction. However, our data clearly show that this reaction pathway cannot account for the enhanced surface coverage in the sequential exposure experiments, since exposure of the surface to just acetylene or phenylacetylene results in an almost identical surface coverage due to the 1,1- and 1,2-bridge sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L Weeks
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, 80401, United States
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Li Y, Calder S, Yaffe O, Cahen D, Haick H, Kronik L, Zuilhof H. Hybrids of organic molecules and flat, oxide-free silicon: high-density monolayers, electronic properties, and functionalization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:9920-9929. [PMID: 22587009 DOI: 10.1021/la3010568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Since the first report of Si-C bound organic monolayers on oxide-free Si almost two decades ago, a substantial amount of research has focused on studying the fundamental mechanical and electronic properties of these Si/molecule surfaces and interfaces. This feature article covers three closely related topics, including recent advances in achieving high-density organic monolayers (i.e., atomic coverage >55%) on oxide-free Si(111) substrates, an overview of progress in the fundamental understanding of the energetics and electronic properties of hybrid Si/molecule systems, and a brief summary of recent examples of subsequent functionalization on these high-density monolayers, which can significantly expand the range of applicability. Taken together, these topics provide an overview of the present status of this active area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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18
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Zubkov VV, Komarov PV. Simulating the ultrathin layer structure of dichloromethane on a solid substrate by means of density functional theory and molecular dynamics. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024412070357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Rijksen B, Pujari SP, Scheres L, van Rijn CJM, Baio JE, Weidner T, Zuilhof H. Hexadecadienyl monolayers on hydrogen-terminated Si(111): faster monolayer formation and improved surface coverage using the enyne moiety. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:6577-6588. [PMID: 22448743 DOI: 10.1021/la204770r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To further improve the coverage of organic monolayers on hydrogen-terminated silicon (H-Si) surfaces with respect to the hitherto best agents (1-alkynes), it was hypothesized that enynes (H-C≡C-HC═CH-R) would be even better reagents for dense monolayer formation. To investigate whether the increased delocalization of β-carbon radicals by the enyne functionality indeed lowers the activation barrier, the kinetics of monolayer formation by hexadec-3-en-1-yne and 1-hexadecyne on H-Si(111) were followed by studying partially incomplete monolayers. Ellipsometry and static contact angle measurements indeed showed a faster increase of layer thickness and hydrophobicity for the hexadec-3-en-1-yne-derived monolayers. This more rapid monolayer formation was supported by IRRAS and XPS measurements that for the enyne show a faster increase of the CH2 stretching bands and the amount of carbon at the surface (C/Si ratio), respectively. Monolayer formation at room temperature yielded plateau values for hexadec-3-en-1-yne and 1-hexadecyne after 8 and 16 h, respectively. Additional experiments were performed for 16 h at 80° to ensure full completion of the layers, which allows comparison of the quality of both layers. Ellipsometry thicknesses (2.0 nm) and contact angles (111-112°) indicated a high quality of both layers. XPS, in combination with DFT calculations, revealed terminal attachment of hexadec-3-en-1-yne to the H-Si surface, leading to dienyl monolayers. Moreover, analysis of the Si2p region showed no surface oxidation. Quantitative XPS measurements, obtained via rotating Si samples, showed a higher surface coverage for C16 dienyl layers than for C16 alkenyl layers (63% vs 59%). The dense packing of the layers was confirmed by IRRAS and NEXAFS results. Molecular mechanics simulations were undertaken to understand the differences in reactivity and surface coverage. Alkenyl layers show more favorable packing energies for surface coverages up to 50-55%. At higher coverages, this packing energy rises quickly, and there the dienyl packing becomes more favorable. When the binding energies are included the difference becomes more pronounced, and dense packing of dienyl layers becomes more favorable by 2-3 kcal/mol. These combined data show that enynes provide the highest-quality organic monolayers reported on H-Si up to now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Rijksen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University , Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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20
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Yzambart G, Fabre B, Lorcy D. Multiredox tetrathiafulvalene-modified oxide-free hydrogen-terminated Si(100) surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:3453-3459. [PMID: 22272686 DOI: 10.1021/la204375a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) monolayers covalently bound to oxide-free hydrogen-terminated Si(100) surfaces have been prepared from the hydrosilylation reaction involving a TTF-terminated ethyne derivative. FTIR spectroscopy characterization using similarly modified porous Si(100) substrates revealed the presence of vibration bands assigned to the immobilized TTF rings and the Si-C═C- interfacial bonds. Cyclic voltammetry measurements showed the presence of two reversible one-electron systems ascribed to TTF/TTF(.+) and TTF(.+)/TTF(2+) redox couples at ca. 0.40 and 0.75 V vs SCE, respectively, which compare well with the values determined for the electroactive molecule in solution. The amount of immobilized TTF units could be varied in the range from 1.7 × 10(-10) to 5.2 × 10(-10) mol cm(-2) by diluting the TTF-terminated chains with inert n-decenyl chains. The highest coverage obtained for the single-component monolayer is consistent with a densely packed TTF monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Yzambart
- Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS/Université de Rennes 1, MaCSE, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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Huck LA, Buriak JM. Toward a Mechanistic Understanding of Exciton-Mediated Hydrosilylation on Nanocrystalline Silicon. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 134:489-97. [DOI: 10.1021/ja208604r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence A. Huck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, and National Research Council Canada, National Institute for Nanotechnology, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Jillian M. Buriak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, and National Research Council Canada, National Institute for Nanotechnology, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
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Shestopalov AA, Morris CJ, Vogen BN, Hoertz A, Clark RL, Toone EJ. Soft-lithographic approach to functionalization and nanopatterning oxide-free silicon. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:6478-6485. [PMID: 21520913 DOI: 10.1021/la200373g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report a simple, reliable high-throughput method for patterning passivated silicon with reactive organic monolayers and demonstrate selective functionalization of the patterned substrates with both small molecules and proteins. The approach completely protects silicon from chemical oxidation, provides precise control over the shape and size of the patterned features in the 100 nm domain, and gives rapid, ready access to chemically discriminated patterns that can be further functionalized with both organic and biological molecules.
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Rijksen B, van Lagen B, Zuilhof H. Mimicking the Silicon Surface: Reactivity of Silyl Radical Cations toward Nucleophiles. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:4998-5008. [DOI: 10.1021/ja110844e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Rijksen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barend van Lagen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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