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Biocompatible Solvents and Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants as Sustainable Components to Formulate Environmentally Friendly Organized Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091378. [PMID: 33922597 PMCID: PMC8122929 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we deal with the formation and application of biocompatible water-in-oil microemulsions commonly known as reverse micelles (RMs). These RMs are extremely important to facilitate the dissolution of hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds for biocompatibility in applications in drug delivery, food science, and nanomedicine. The combination of two wisely chosen types of compounds such as biocompatible non-polar solvents and ionic liquids (ILs) with amphiphilic character (surface-active ionic liquids, SAILs) can be used to generate organized systems that perfectly align with the Green Chemistry concepts. Thus, we describe the current state of SAILs (protic and aprotic) to prepare RMs using non-polar but safe solvents such as esters derived from fatty acids, among others. Moreover, the use of the biocompatible solvents as the external phase in RMs and microemulsions/nanoemulsions with the other commonly used biocompatible surfactants is detailed showing the diversity of preparations and important applications. As shown by multiple examples, the properties of the RMs can be modified by changes in the type of surfactant and/or external solvents but a key fact to note is that all these modifications generate novel systems with dissimilar properties. These interesting properties cannot be anticipated or extrapolated, and deep analysis is always required. Finally, the works presented provide valuable information about the use of biocompatible RMs, making them a green and promising alternative toward efficient and sustainable chemistry.
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Structure, activity and dynamics of extra virgin olive oil-in-water nanoemulsions loaded with vitamin D3 and calcium citrate. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Mitsou E, Kalogianni EP, Georgiou D, Stamatis H, Xenakis A, Zoumpanioti M. Formulation and Structural Study of a Biocompatible Water-in-Oil Microemulsion as an Appropriate Enzyme Carrier: The Model Case of Horseradish Peroxidase. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:150-160. [PMID: 30521342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel biocompatible water-in-oil microemulsion was developed using nonionic surfactants and was investigated as a potential enzyme delivery system for pharmaceutical applications. The system was composed of isopropyl myristate/polysorbate 80 (Tween 80)/distilled monoglycerides/water/propylene glycol (PG), had a low total surfactant concentration (8.3% w/w), and was able to incorporate approximately 3% w/w aqueous phase containing horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Structural and activity aspects of the system were studied using a variety of techniques such as dynamic light scattering (DLS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and dynamic interfacial tension. The apparent hydrodynamic diameter of the empty droplets was calculated at about 37 nm. Different enzyme concentrations, ranging from 0.01 to 1.39 μM, were used for both DLS and EPR studies to effectively determine the localization of the macromolecule in the microemulsion. According to the results, for high enzyme concentrations, a participation of HRP in the surfactant monolayer of the microemulsion is evident. The number of reverse micelles in the microemulsion was defined by a theoretical model and was used to clarify how the enzyme concentration affects the number of empty and loaded reverse micelles. To assure that the system allows the enzyme to retain its catalytic activity, an oxidative reaction catalyzed by HRP was successfully carried out with the use of the model substrate 2,2'-azino-bis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid]. The influence of several parameters such as temperature, pH, and PG concentration was examined to optimize the reaction conditions, and a kinetic study was conducted revealing an ordered-Bi-Bi mechanism. Values of all kinetic parameters were determined. The release of the encapsulated enzyme was studied using an adequate receiver phase, revealing the effectiveness of the proposed microemulsion not only as a microreactor but also as a carrier for therapeutic biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Mitsou
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology , National Hellenic Research Foundation , 48, Vassileos Constantinou Avenue , 11635 Athens , Greece
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies , University of Ioannina , 45110 Ioannina , Greece
| | - Eleni P Kalogianni
- Department of Food Technology , Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki , P.O. Box 141, 57400 Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Despoina Georgiou
- Department of Food Technology , Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki , P.O. Box 141, 57400 Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies , University of Ioannina , 45110 Ioannina , Greece
| | - Aristotelis Xenakis
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology , National Hellenic Research Foundation , 48, Vassileos Constantinou Avenue , 11635 Athens , Greece
| | - Maria Zoumpanioti
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology , National Hellenic Research Foundation , 48, Vassileos Constantinou Avenue , 11635 Athens , Greece
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Oberdisse J, Hellweg T. Structure, interfacial film properties, and thermal fluctuations of microemulsions as seen by scattering experiments. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 247:354-362. [PMID: 28751064 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The physics of microemulsions and in particular Dominique Langevin's contributions to the understanding of microemulsion structure and bending properties using scattering techniques are reviewed. Among the many methods used by her and her co-workers, we particularly emphasize optical techniques and small angle neutron scattering (SANS), but also neutron spin echo spectroscopy (NSE). The review is then extended to more recent studies of properties of microemulsions close to surfaces, using reflectometry and grazing-incidence small angle neutron scattering (GISANS).
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Chatzidaki MD, Papadimitriou K, Alexandraki V, Tsirvouli E, Chakim Z, Ghazal A, Mortensen K, Yaghmur A, Salentinig S, Papadimitriou V, Tsakalidou E, Xenakis A. Microemulsions as Potential Carriers of Nisin: Effect of Composition on Structure and Efficacy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:8988-8998. [PMID: 27501392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsions based on either refined olive oil (ROO) or sunflower oil (SO), distilled monoglycerides (DMG), and ethanol were used as nisin carriers in order to ensure its effectiveness as a biopreservative. This work presents experimental evidence on the effects of ethanol concentration, hydration, the nature of oil, and the addition of nisin on the nanostructure of the proposed inverse microemulsions as revealed by electrical conductivity measurements, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Modeling of representative SAXS profiles was applied to gain further insight into the effects of ethanol and solubilized water content on the inverse swollen micelles' size and morphology. With increasing ethanol content, the overall size of the inverse micelles decreased, whereas hydration resulted in an increase in the micellar size due to the penetration of water into the hydrophilic core of the inverse swollen micelles (hydration-induced swelling behavior). The dynamic properties of the surfactant monolayer were also affected by the nature of the used vegetable oil, the ethanol content, and the presence of the bioactive molecule, as evidenced by EPR spin probing experiments. According to simulation on the experimental spectra, two populations of spin probes at different polarities were revealed. The antimicrobial effect of the encapsulated nisin was evaluated using the well diffusion assay (WDA) technique against Lactococccus lactis. It was found that this encapsulated bacteriocin induced an inhibition of the microorganism growth. The effect was more pronounced at higher ethanol concentrations, but no significant difference was observed between the two used vegetable oils (ROO and SO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Chatzidaki
- Institute of Biology Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
- MTM, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Örebro University , Örebro, Sweden
| | - Konstantinos Papadimitriou
- Laboratory of Dairy Research, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens , Athens, Greece
| | - Voula Alexandraki
- Laboratory of Dairy Research, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens , Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Tsirvouli
- Institute of Biology Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Zena Chakim
- Institute of Biology Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Salentinig
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Department of Materials Meet Life, Empa. Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Vassiliki Papadimitriou
- Institute of Biology Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Effie Tsakalidou
- Laboratory of Dairy Research, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens , Athens, Greece
| | - Aristotelis Xenakis
- Institute of Biology Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
- MTM, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Örebro University , Örebro, Sweden
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Kalaitzaki A, Emo M, Stébé MJ, Xenakis A, Papadimitriou V. Biocompatible nanodispersions as delivery systems of food additives: A structural study. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Das A, Mitra RK. Formulation and characterization of a biocompatible microemulsion composed of mixed surfactants: lecithin and Triton X-100. Colloid Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-013-3110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Dielectric relaxation behavior of ternary systems of water/toluene/Triton X-100: the effects of water and oil contents on microemulsion structure. Colloid Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-013-3095-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Xue L, Zhao Y, Yu L, Sun Y, Yan K, Li Y, Huang X, Qu Y. Choline acetate enhanced the catalytic performance of Candida rogusa lipase in AOT reverse micelles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 105:81-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kyriazi A, Papadimitriou V, Sotiroudis TG, Xenakis A. Development and characterization of a digestion model based on olive oil microemulsions. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201200340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Graphene oxide in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) reverse micelle: A befitting soft nanocomposite for improving efficiency of surface-active enzymes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 395:111-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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