1
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Ding J, Kalluri A, Kumar CV. Highly stable, fluorescent, artificial lipoprotein nanoparticles. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:969-979. [PMID: 38961565 DOI: 10.1111/php.13989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Here, we report a novel kind of protein nanoparticles of 11 nm in size, which have a central protein core surrounded by two layers of lipid. One layer of the lipid was covalently attached to the protein, while the other layer has been physically assembled around the protein core. Particle synthesis is highly modular, while both the size and charge of the protein nanoparticles are controlled in a predictable manner. Circular dichroism studies of the conjugate showed that the protein secondary structure is retained, while biophysical characterizations indicated the particle purity, size, and charge. The conjugate had a high thermal stability to steam sterilization conditions at 121°C (17 psi). After labeling the protein core with few different fluorescent dyes, they were strongly fluorescent with the corresponding colors independent of their size, unlike quantum dots. They are readily digested by proteases, and these water-soluble, non-toxic, highly stable, biocompatible, and biodegradable conjugates are suitable for cell imaging and drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ankarao Kalluri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Challa V Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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2
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Çalbaş B, Keobounnam AN, Korban C, Doratan AJ, Jean T, Sharma AY, Wright TA. Protein-polymer bioconjugation, immobilization, and encapsulation: a comparative review towards applicability, functionality, activity, and stability. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:2841-2864. [PMID: 38683585 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01861j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Polymer-based biomaterials have received a lot of attention due to their biomedical, agricultural, and industrial potential. Soluble protein-polymer bioconjugates, immobilized proteins, and encapsulated proteins have been shown to tune enzymatic activity, improved pharmacokinetic ability, increased chemical and thermal stability, stimuli responsiveness, and introduced protein recovery. Controlled polymerization techniques, increased protein-polymer attachment techniques, improved polymer surface grafting techniques, controlled polymersome self-assembly, and sophisticated characterization methods have been utilized for the development of well-defined polymer-based biomaterials. In this review we aim to provide a brief account of the field, compare these methods for engineering biomaterials, provide future directions for the field, and highlight impacts of these forms of bioconjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berke Çalbaş
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Ashley N Keobounnam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Christopher Korban
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ainsley Jade Doratan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Tiffany Jean
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Aryan Yashvardhan Sharma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Thaiesha A Wright
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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3
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Dinadayala P, Gleizal G, Guinamand S, Bonifassi P, Haensler J. Characterization of antigen adjuvant interactions in polyacrylate adjuvanted vaccines. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 33:101405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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4
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Gomaa Y, Kolluru C, Milewski M, Lee D, Zhang J, Saklatvala R, Prausnitz MR. Development of a thermostable oxytocin microneedle patch. J Control Release 2021; 337:81-89. [PMID: 34265331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin is a nonapeptide hormone used in labor to initiate uterine contractions and to prevent and treat postpartum hemorrhage. Oxytocin is currently administered by injection and requires refrigerated transport and storage, which limits access, especially during home birth in developing countries. Here, we propose a thermostable, simple-to-administer microneedle (MN) patch for rapid delivery of oxytocin suitable for use by healthcare workers with limited training, like traditional birth attendants. Oxytocin (10 IU, 16.8 μg) coated onto stainless steel MN arrays was released into skin within 1-5 min after manual insertion. Among tested excipients, polyacrylic acid was best at stabilizing oxytocin stored at 75% relative humidity, with no significant loss for up to 2 months at 40 °C. Under desiccated conditions, MNs coated with formulations containing trehalose in a mixture of citrate buffer and ethanol retained 75% oxytocin potency at 40 °C for 12 months; the commercial oxytocin product Pitocin® was reduced to 35% potency under these conditions. These findings support development of MN patches for oxytocin administration with improved ease of use, extended thermostability and simplified logistics to enable greater access to this life-saving medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Gomaa
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Chandana Kolluru
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | | | - Dinah Lee
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | | | - Robert Saklatvala
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA; Currently at Kallyope, Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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5
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A microparticulate based formulation to protect therapeutic enzymes from proteolytic digestion: phenylalanine ammonia lyase as case study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3651. [PMID: 32107425 PMCID: PMC7046617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPhenylketonuria is a genetic disorder affecting the metabolism of phenylalanine (phe) due to a deficiency in the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. This disorder is characterized by an elevated phe blood level, which can lead to severe intellectual disabilities in newborns. The current strategy to prevent these devastating consequences is limited to a life-long phe-free diet, which implies major lifestyle changes and restrictions. Recently, an injectable enzyme replacement therapy, Pegvaliase, has been approved for treating phenylketonuria, but is associated with significant side-effects. In this study a phe-metabolizing system suitable for oral delivery is designed to overcome the need for daily injections. Active phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), an enzyme that catalyses phe metabolism, is loaded into mesoporous silica microparticles (MSP) with pore sizes ranging from 10 to 35 nm. The surface of the MSP is lined with a semipermeable barrier to allow permeation of phe while blocking digestive enzymes that degrade PAL. The enzymatic activity can be partially preserved in vitro by coating the MSP with poly(allylamine) and poly(acrylic acid)-bowman birk (protease inhibitor) conjugate. The carrier system presented herein may provide a general approach to overcome gastro-intestinal proteolytic digestion and to deliver active enzymes to the intestinal lumen for prolonged local action.
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Li H, Sun Z, Jiang S, Lai X, Böckler A, Huang H, Peng F, Liu L, Chen Y. Tadpole-like Unimolecular Nanomotor with Sub-100 nm Size Swims in a Tumor Microenvironment Model. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:8749-8757. [PMID: 31671944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the natural motors capable of performing multiple tasks in complex living environments, synthetic nanomotors emerge as a potential vehicle for revolutionizing biomedical processes. Yet current motors suffer from decreased and even completely hindered motion in a complex physiological environment, shadowing the future of this booming field. To address this problem, a unimolecular nanomotor based on molecular bottlebrush (MBB) of sub-100 nm size is reported. This motor is constructed precisely via controlled radical polymerization and click chemistry and propelled with biocompatible catalase. Such a molecular nanomotor possesses tadpole-like asymmetry and is able to overcome Brownian motion, and demonstrates strong directional propulsion (linear and coiled cyclic trajectories) in a viscous tumor microenvironment gel model at an ultralow hydrogen peroxide level of 2 mM (0.006%). In addition, the molecular nanomotor exhibits superior stability in serum containing cell medium and good biocompatibility in blood. Such molecular bottlebrush based nanomotors may represent a unique platform for overcoming the tissue penetration barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center of Functional Biomaterials, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite Materials and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD Research Center for Functional Biomaterials Engineering and Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Ziyang Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center of Functional Biomaterials, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite Materials and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD Research Center for Functional Biomaterials Engineering and Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Suqiu Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center of Functional Biomaterials, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite Materials and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD Research Center for Functional Biomaterials Engineering and Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Xinyi Lai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center of Functional Biomaterials, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite Materials and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD Research Center for Functional Biomaterials Engineering and Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Andreas Böckler
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center of Functional Biomaterials, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite Materials and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD Research Center for Functional Biomaterials Engineering and Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Huahua Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center of Functional Biomaterials, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite Materials and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD Research Center for Functional Biomaterials Engineering and Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Fei Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center of Functional Biomaterials, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite Materials and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD Research Center for Functional Biomaterials Engineering and Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Lixin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center of Functional Biomaterials, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite Materials and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD Research Center for Functional Biomaterials Engineering and Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Yongming Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center of Functional Biomaterials, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite Materials and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD Research Center for Functional Biomaterials Engineering and Technology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
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7
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Baker SL, Kaupbayeva B, Lathwal S, Das SR, Russell AJ, Matyjaszewski K. Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization for Biorelated Hybrid Materials. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:4272-4298. [PMID: 31738532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Proteins, nucleic acids, lipid vesicles, and carbohydrates are the major classes of biomacromolecules that function to sustain life. Biology also uses post-translation modification to increase the diversity and functionality of these materials, which has inspired attaching various other types of polymers to biomacromolecules. These polymers can be naturally (carbohydrates and biomimetic polymers) or synthetically derived and have unique properties with tunable architectures. Polymers are either grafted-to or grown-from the biomacromolecule's surface, and characteristics including polymer molar mass, grafting density, and degree of branching can be controlled by changing reaction stoichiometries. The resultant conjugated products display a chimerism of properties such as polymer-induced enhancement in stability with maintained bioactivity, and while polymers are most often conjugated to proteins, they are starting to be attached to nucleic acids and lipid membranes (cells) as well. The fundamental studies with protein-polymer conjugates have improved our synthetic approaches, characterization techniques, and understanding of structure-function relationships that will lay the groundwork for creating new conjugated biomacromolecular products which could lead to breakthroughs in genetic and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie L Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , Scott Hall 4N201, 5000 Forbes Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States.,Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Bibifatima Kaupbayeva
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States.,Department of Biological Sciences , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Sushil Lathwal
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Subha R Das
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Alan J Russell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , Scott Hall 4N201, 5000 Forbes Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States.,Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States.,Department of Biological Sciences , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering , Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
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8
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Evgrafova Z, Rothemund S, Voigt B, Hause G, Balbach J, Binder WH. Synthesis and Aggregation of Polymer-Amyloid β Conjugates. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 41:e1900378. [PMID: 31631446 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Modulating the assembly of medically relevant peptides and proteins via macromolecular engineering is an important step in modifying their overall pathological effects. The synthesis of polymer-peptide conjugates composed of the amyloidogenic Alzheimer peptide, Aβ1-40 , and poly(oligo(ethylene glycol)m acrylates) (m = 2,3) with different molecular weights (Mn = 1400-6600 g mol-1 ) is presented here. The challenging conjugation of a synthetic polymer to an in situ aggregating protein is established via two different coupling strategies, only successful for polymers with molecular weights not exceeding 6600 g mol-1 , relying on resin-based synthesis or solution-based coupling chemistries. The conjugates are characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The aggregation of these polymer-Aβ1-40 conjugates, as monitored via thioflavine-T (ThT)-fluorescence spectroscopy, is accelerated mainly upon attaching the polymers. However, the appearance of the observed fibrils is different from those composed of native Aβ1-40, specifically with respect to length and morphology of the obtained aggregates. Instead of long, unbranched fibrils characteristic for Aβ1-40 , bundles of short aggregates are observed for the conjugates. Finally, the ThT kinetics and morphologies of Aβ1-40 fibrils formed in the presence of the conjugates give some mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanna Evgrafova
- Faculty of Natural Science II, Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sven Rothemund
- Core Unit Peptide Technologies, Liebigstraße 21, D-04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bruno Voigt
- Faculty of Natural Science II, Institute of Physics, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Gerd Hause
- Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Biocenter, Weinbergweg 22, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jochen Balbach
- Faculty of Natural Science II, Institute of Physics, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Binder
- Faculty of Natural Science II, Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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9
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McNelles SA, Marando VM, Adronov A. Globular Polymer Grafts Require a Critical Size for Efficient Molecular Sieving of Enzyme Substrates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8448-8453. [PMID: 30893493 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A. McNelles
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyMcMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Victoria M. Marando
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyMcMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Alex Adronov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyMcMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
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10
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McNelles SA, Marando VM, Adronov A. Globular Polymer Grafts Require a Critical Size for Efficient Molecular Sieving of Enzyme Substrates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A. McNelles
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyMcMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Victoria M. Marando
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyMcMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Alex Adronov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyMcMaster University 1280 Main Street West Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
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Wright TA, Page RC, Konkolewicz D. Polymer conjugation of proteins as a synthetic post-translational modification to impact their stability and activity. Polym Chem 2019; 10:434-454. [PMID: 31249635 PMCID: PMC6596429 DOI: 10.1039/c8py01399c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
For more than 40 years, protein-polymer conjugates have been widely used for many applications, industrially and biomedically. These bioconjugates have been shown to modulate the activity and stability of various proteins while introducing reusability and new activities that can be used for drug delivery, improve pharmacokinetic ability, and stimuli-responsiveness. Techniques such as RDRP, ROMP and "click" have routinely been utilized for development of well-defined bioconjugate and polymeric materials. Synthesis of bioconjugate materials often take advantage of natural amino acids present within protein and peptide structures for a host of coupling chemistries. Polymer modification may elicit increased or decreased activity, activity retention under harsh conditions, prolonged activity in vivo and in vitro, and introduce stimuli responsiveness. Bioconjugation has resulted to modulated thermal stability, chemical stability, storage stability, half-life and reusability. In this review we aim to provide a brief state of the field, highlight a wide range of behaviors caused by polymer conjugation, and provide areas of future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaiesha A Wright
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Richard C Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
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12
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Zhao M, Zacharia NS. Protein encapsulation via polyelectrolyte complex coacervation: Protection against protein denaturation. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:163326. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5040346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhao
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - Nicole S. Zacharia
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
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13
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Gao J, Liu H, Pang L, Guo K, Li J. Biocatalyst and Colorimetric/Fluorescent Dual Biosensors of H 2O 2 Constructed via Hemoglobin-Cu 3(PO 4) 2 Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Nanoflowers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:30441-30450. [PMID: 30106269 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b10968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this article, the three-dimensional hemoglobin (Hb)-Cu3(PO4)2 organic/inorganic hybrid nanoflowers (Hb-Cu3(PO4)2 HNFs) self-assembled by nanopetals were synthesized via a facile one-pot green synthetic method. The compositions and microstructure of the Hb-Cu3(PO4)2 HNFs were well-characterized with X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV-vis spectrometry, respectively. The as-prepared Hb-Cu3(PO4)2 HNFs were to be used as a biocatalyst to construct colorimetric/fluorescent dual biosensors. The experimental results show that the colorimetric/fluorescent dual biosensors exhibited two linear responses in the range of 2-10 ppb and 20-100 ppb for H2O2. The colorimetric and fluorescent detection limits were 0.1 and 0.01 ppb, respectively. Compared with the free Hb, the biocatalytic activity of the Hb-Cu3(PO4)2 HNFs can be improved for 3-4 times under optimal conditions. The sensing performance of these Hb-Cu3(PO4)2 HNF-based dual biosensors can be contributed such that the active sites of Hb molecules were more exposed on the surface of the Cu3(PO4)2 nanopetals. Second, the unique nanopetal-assembled hybrid flowerlike structure was favorable to contact the detected substance with the biosensors. The dual biosensors were successfully applied for the determination of H2O2 in rainwater, tap water, and waste water samples. These results show that the dual biosensors had a potential application in the field of medical analysis, environmental monitoring, and food engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shaanxi University of Science and Technology , Xi'an 710021 , P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shaanxi University of Science and Technology , Xi'an 710021 , P. R. China
| | - Lingyan Pang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shaanxi University of Science and Technology , Xi'an 710021 , P. R. China
| | - Kai Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shaanxi University of Science and Technology , Xi'an 710021 , P. R. China
| | - Junqi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shaanxi University of Science and Technology , Xi'an 710021 , P. R. China
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14
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Liu X, Sun J, Gao W. Site-selective protein modification with polymers for advanced biomedical applications. Biomaterials 2018; 178:413-434. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Zore OV, Pande P, Okifo O, Basu AK, Kasi RM, Kumar CV. Nanoarmoring: strategies for preparation of multi-catalytic enzyme polymer conjugates and enhancement of high temperature biocatalysis. RSC Adv 2017; 7:29563-29574. [PMID: 29403641 PMCID: PMC5796544 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05666d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a general and modular approach for the synthesis of multi enzyme-polymer conjugates (MECs) consisting of five different enzymes of diverse isoelectric points and distinct catalytic properties conjugated within a single universal polymer scaffold. The five model enzymes chosen include glucose oxidase (GOx), acid phosphatase (AP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and lipase (Lip). Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) is used as the model synthetic polymer scaffold that will covalently conjugate and stabilize multiple enzymes concurrently. Parallel and sequential synthetic protocols are used to synthesise MECs, 5-P and 5-S, respectively. Also, five different single enzyme-PAA conjugates (SECs) including GOx-PAA, AP-PAA, LDH-PAA, HRP-PAA and Lip-PAA are synthesized. The composition, structure and morphology of MECs and SECs are confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis, dynamic light scattering, circular dichroism spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The bioreactor comprising MEC functions as a single biocatalyst can carry out at least five different or orthogonal catalytic reactions by virtue of the five stabilized enzymes, which has never been achieved to-date. Using activity assays relevant for each of the enzymes, for example AP, the specific activity of AP at room temperature and 7.4 pH in PB is determined and set at 100%. Interestingly, MECs 5-P and 5-S show specific activities of 1800% and 600%, respectively, compared to 100% specific activity of AP at room temperature (RT). The catalytic efficiencies of 5-P and 5-S are 1.55 × 10-3 and 1.68 × 10-3, respectively, compared to 9.11 × 10-5 for AP under similar RT conditions. Similarly, AP relevant catalytic activities of 5-P and 5-S at 65 °C show 100 and 300%, respectively, relative to native AP activity at RT as the native AP is catalytically inactive at 65 °C The catalytic activity trends suggest: (1) MECs show enhanced catalytic activities compared to native enzymes under similar assay conditions and (2) 5-S is better suited for high temperature biocatalysis, while both 5-S and 5-P are suitable for room temperature biocatalysis. Initial cytotoxicity results show that these MECs are non-lethal to human cells including human embryonic kidney [HEK] cells when treated with doses of 0.01 mg mL-1 for 72 h. This cytotoxicity data is relevant for future biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omkar V. Zore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, U-3136, University of Connecticut Storrs, CT 06269-3069, USA
| | - Paritosh Pande
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA
| | | | - Ashis K. Basu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA
| | - Rajeswari M. Kasi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, U-3136, University of Connecticut Storrs, CT 06269-3069, USA
| | - Challa V. Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, U-3136, University of Connecticut Storrs, CT 06269-3069, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Storrs, CT 06269-3125, USA
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16
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Vicario-de-la-Torre M, Forcada J. The Potential of Stimuli-Responsive Nanogels in Drug and Active Molecule Delivery for Targeted Therapy. Gels 2017; 3:E16. [PMID: 30920515 PMCID: PMC6318695 DOI: 10.3390/gels3020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanogels (NGs) are currently under extensive investigation due to their unique properties, such as small particle size, high encapsulation efficiency and protection of active agents from degradation, which make them ideal candidates as drug delivery systems (DDS). Stimuli-responsive NGs are cross-linked nanoparticles (NPs), composed of polymers, natural, synthetic, or a combination thereof that can swell by absorption (uptake) of large amounts of solvent, but not dissolve due to the constituent structure of the polymeric network. NGs can undergo change from a polymeric solution (swell form) to a hard particle (collapsed form) in response to (i) physical stimuli such as temperature, ionic strength, magnetic or electric fields; (ii) chemical stimuli such as pH, ions, specific molecules or (iii) biochemical stimuli such as enzymatic substrates or affinity ligands. The interest in NGs comes from their multi-stimuli nature involving reversible phase transitions in response to changes in the external media in a faster way than macroscopic gels or hydrogels due to their nanometric size. NGs have a porous structure able to encapsulate small molecules such as drugs and genes, then releasing them by changing their volume when external stimuli are applied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacqueline Forcada
- Bionanoparticles Group, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain.
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17
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Williams C, Dougherty ML, Makaroff K, Stapleton J, Konkolewicz D, Berberich JA, Page RC. Strategies for Biophysical Characterization of Protein–Polymer Conjugates. Methods Enzymol 2017; 590:93-114. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Riccardi CM, Kasi RM, Kumar CV. Nanoarmoring of Enzymes by Interlocking in Cellulose Fibers With Poly(Acrylic Acid). Methods Enzymol 2017; 590:475-500. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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19
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Riccardi C, Kumar C. Preface. Methods Enzymol 2017; 590:xv-xix. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(17)30134-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Paciello A, Amalfitano G, Garziano A, Urciuolo F, Netti PA. Hemoglobin-Conjugated Gelatin Microsphere as a Smart Oxygen Releasing Biomaterial. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:2655-2666. [PMID: 27594116 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel micrometric biomaterial acting as a cyclic oxygen releasing system is designed. Human hemoglobin (Hb) is conjugated to the surface of gelatin microspheres (GM) to produce gelatin hemoglobin oxygen depot (G-HbOD). G-HbOD is obtained by means of two different conjugation strategies. The degree of conjugation of GM surfaces in terms of free amino groups by using HPLC is first evaluated. By following the strategy A (G-HbOD_A), Hb is conjugated to GM by means of the formation of a polyurethane linker. In the strategy B (G-HbOD_B) the conjugation occurs via amide bound formation. Physical and morphological differences between G-HbOD_A and G-HbOD_B are investigated by means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Differences in oxygen uptake/release kinetics are found depending on the conjugation strategy and it is proved that G-HbOD works under repeated cycles in microfluidic chip. Moreover, G-HbOD is also able to work as oxygen depot in the early stages of 3D cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Paciello
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Largo Barsanti e Matteucci n. 53 80125 Napoli Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB); University of Naples Federico II; P.le Tecchio 80 80125 Napoli Italy
| | - Giuseppe Amalfitano
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Largo Barsanti e Matteucci n. 53 80125 Napoli Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB); University of Naples Federico II; P.le Tecchio 80 80125 Napoli Italy
| | - Alessandro Garziano
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Largo Barsanti e Matteucci n. 53 80125 Napoli Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB); University of Naples Federico II; P.le Tecchio 80 80125 Napoli Italy
| | - Francesco Urciuolo
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Largo Barsanti e Matteucci n. 53 80125 Napoli Italy
| | - Paolo A. Netti
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Largo Barsanti e Matteucci n. 53 80125 Napoli Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB); University of Naples Federico II; P.le Tecchio 80 80125 Napoli Italy
- Department of Chemical; Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMAPI); University of Napoli Federico II; P.le Tecchio 80 80125 Napoli Italy
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21
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Wiarachai O, Vilaivan T, Iwasaki Y, Hoven VP. Clickable and Antifouling Platform of Poly[(propargyl methacrylate)-ran-(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)] for Biosensing Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:1184-1194. [PMID: 26695478 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A functional copolymer platform, namely, poly[(propargyl methacrylate)-ran-(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)] (PPgMAMPC), was synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization. In principle, the alkyne moiety of propargyl methacrylate (PgMA) should serve as an active site for binding azide-containing molecules via a click reaction, i.e., Cu-catalyzed azide/alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), the hydrophilic monomeric unit, should enable the copolymer to suppress nonspecific adsorption. The copolymers were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and (1)H NMR spectroscopies. Thiol-terminated, PPgMAMPC-SH, obtained by aminolysis of PPgMAMPC, was immobilized on a gold-coated substrate using a "grafting to" approach via self-assembly. Azide-containing species, namely, biotin and peptide nucleic acid (PNA), were then immobilized on the alkyne-containing copolymeric platform via CuAAC. The potential use of surface-attached PPgMAMPC in biosensing applications was shown by detection of specific target molecules, i.e., streptavidin (SA) and DNA, by the developed sensing platform using a surface plasmon resonance technique. The copolymer composition strongly influenced the performance of the developed sensing platform in terms of signal-to-noise ratio in the case of the biotin-SA system and hybridization efficiency and mismatch discrimination for the PNA-DNA system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yasuhiko Iwasaki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University , 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita-shi, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
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22
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Garcia DR, Lavignac N. Poly(amidoamine)–BSA conjugates synthesised by Michael addition reaction retained enzymatic activity. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01771a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A bioconjugate synthesised using a “grafted to” method and Michael addition reaction retained the activity of the native protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. R. Garcia
- Medway School of Pharmacy
- Universities of Kent and Greenwich at Medway
- Chatham Maritime
- UK
| | - N. Lavignac
- Medway School of Pharmacy
- Universities of Kent and Greenwich at Medway
- Chatham Maritime
- UK
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23
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Bhakta S, Seraji MSI, Suib SL, Rusling JF. Antibody-like Biorecognition Sites for Proteins from Surface Imprinting on Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:28197-206. [PMID: 26636440 PMCID: PMC4749148 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Natural antibodies are used widely for important applications such as biomedical analysis, cancer therapy, and directed drug delivery, but they are expensive and may have limited stability. This study describes synthesis of antibody-like binding sites by molecular imprinting on silica nanoparticles (SiNP) using a combination of four organosilane monomers with amino acid-like side chains providing hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and H-bonding interactions with target proteins. This approach provided artificial antibody (AA) nanoparticles with good selectivity and specificity to binding domains on target proteins in a relatively low-cost synthesis. The AAs were made by polymer grafting onto SiNPs for human serum albumin (HSA) and glucose oxidase (GOx). Binding affinity, selectivity, and specificity was compared to several other proteins using adsorption isotherms and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The Langmuir-Freundlich adsorption model was used to obtain apparent binding constants (KLF) from binding isotherms of HSA (6.7 × 10(4)) and GOx (4.7 × 10(4)) to their respective AAs. These values were 4-300 fold larger compared to a series of nontemplate proteins. SPR binding studies of AAs with proteins attached to a gold surface confirmed good specificity and revealed faster binding for the target proteins compared to nontarget proteins. Target proteins retained their secondary structures upon binding. Binding capacity of AAHSA for HSA was 5.9 mg HSA/g compared to 1.4 mg/g for previously report imprinted silica beads imprinted with poly(aminophenyl)boronic acid. Also, 90% recovery for HSA spiked into 2% calf serum was found for AAHSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehasis Bhakta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | | | - Steven L. Suib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3136, United States
| | - James F. Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3136, United States
- Department of Surgery and Neag Cancer Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland at Galway, Galway, Ireland
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24
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Investigation into the Relaxation Dynamics of Polymer-Protein Conjugates Reveals Surprising Role of Polymer Solvation on Inherent Protein Flexibility. Biomacromolecules 2015; 17:141-7. [PMID: 26568153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fully biodegradable protein-polymer conjugates, namely, MBP-PMeEP (maltose binding protein-poly methyl-ethylene phosphonate), have been investigated in order to understand the role of polymer solvation on protein flexibility. Using elastic and quasi-elastic incoherent neutron scattering, in combination with partially deuterated conjugate systems, we are able to disentangle the polymer dynamics from the protein dynamics and meaningfully address the coupling between both components. We highlight that, in the dry state, the protein-polymer conjugates lack any dynamical transition in accordance with the generally observed behavior for dry proteins. In addition, we observe a larger flexibility of the conjugated protein, compared to the native protein, as well as a lack of polymer-glass transition. Only upon water hydration does the conjugate recover its dynamical transition, leading to the conclusion that exclusive polymer solvation is insufficient to unfreeze fluctuations on the picosecond-nanosecond time scale in biomolecules. Our results also confirm the established coupling between polymer and protein dynamics in the conjugate.
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25
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Rios JL, Lu G, Seo NE, Lambert T, Putnam D. Prolonged Release of Bioactive Model Proteins from Anionic Microgels Fabricated with a New Microemulsion Approach. Pharm Res 2015; 33:879-92. [PMID: 26620311 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1834-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Therapeutic proteins have become an integral part of health care. However, their controlled delivery remains a challenge. Protein function depends on a delicate three dimensional structure, which can be damaged during the fabrication of controlled release systems. This study presents a microgel-based controlled release system capable of high loading efficiencies, prolonged release and retention of protein function. METHODS A new DMSO/Pluronic microemulsion served as a reaction template for the crosslinking of poly(acrylic acid) and oligo (ethylene glycol) to form microgels. Poly(acylic acid) molecular weights and microgel crosslinking densities were altered to make a series of microgels. Microgel capacity to capture and retain proteins of different sizes and isoelectric points, to control their release rate (over ~30 days) and to maintain the biofunctionality of the released proteins were evaluated. RESULTS Microgels of different sizes and morphologies were synthesized. Loading efficiencies of 100% were achieved with lysozyme in all formulations. The loading efficiency of all other proteins was formulation dependent. Release of lysozyme was achieved for up to 30 days and the released lysozyme retained over 90% of its activity. CONCLUSIONS High loading efficiencies and prolonged release of different proteins was achieved. Furthermore, lysozyme's functionality remained uncompromised after encapsulation and release. This work begins to lay the foundation for a broad platform for the delivery of therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Rios
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 147 Weill Hall, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Gongcheng Lu
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 147 Weill Hall, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Na Eun Seo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Tamara Lambert
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - David Putnam
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 147 Weill Hall, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA.
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA.
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26
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"Stable-on-the-Table" Biosensors: Hemoglobin-Poly (Acrylic Acid) Nanogel BioElectrodes with High Thermal Stability and Enhanced Electroactivity. SENSORS 2015; 15:23868-85. [PMID: 26393601 PMCID: PMC4610568 DOI: 10.3390/s150923868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In our efforts toward producing environmentally responsible but highly stable bioelectrodes with high electroactivities, we report here a simple, inexpensive, autoclavable high sensitivity biosensor based on enzyme-polymer nanogels. Met-hemoglobin (Hb) is stabilized by wrapping it in high molecular weight poly(acrylic acid) (PAA, MW 450k), and the resulting nanogels abbreviated as Hb-PAA-450k, withstood exposure to high temperatures for extended periods under steam sterilization conditions (122 °C, 10 min, 17–20 psi) without loss of Hb structure or its peroxidase-like activities. The bioelectrodes prepared by coating Hb-PAA-450k nanogels on glassy carbon showed well-defined quasi-reversible redox peaks at −0.279 and −0.334 V in cyclic voltammetry (CV) and retained >95% electroactivity after storing for 14 days at room temperature. Similarly, the bioelectrode showed ~90% retention in electrochemical properties after autoclaving under steam sterilization conditions. The ultra stable bioelectrode was used to detect hydrogen peroxide and demonstrated an excellent detection limit of 0.5 μM, the best among the Hb-based electrochemical biosensors. This is the first electrochemical demonstration of steam-sterilizable, storable, modular bioelectrode that undergoes reversible-thermal denaturation and retains electroactivity for protein based electrochemical applications.
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27
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Wang S, Yuan F, Chen K, Chen G, Tu K, Wang H, Wang LQ. Synthesis of Hemoglobin Conjugated Polymeric Micelle: A ZnPc Carrier with Oxygen Self-Compensating Ability for Photodynamic Therapy. Biomacromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Wang
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Fang Yuan
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Kui Chen
- Center
for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Gaojian Chen
- Center
for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Kehua Tu
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hongjun Wang
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Li-Qun Wang
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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28
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Yang Q, Wu J, Ping Xu Z, Chen D. A new design of ionic complexation and its application for efficient protection of proteins. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01469c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Well designed LCCT ionic complexation can efficiently protect proteins at higher temperatures and automatically release bioavailable proteins at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P. R. China
| | - Jiaojiao Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P. R. China
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- The University of Queensland
- St Lucia
- Australia
| | - Daoyong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P. R. China
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29
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Tan H, Zhao L, Liu W, Ren L, Xu S, Chen L, Li W. Synthesis of thermo-responsive polymer–protein conjugates through disulfide bonding. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06813k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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30
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Wu Y, Cui W, Zhou S, Ma F. The binding behavior of itraconazole with hemoglobin: studies from multi-spectroscopic techniques. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 131:407-412. [PMID: 24835944 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.04.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between hemoglobin (Hb) and itraconazole (ITZ) are investigated in details using UV-vis spectra, circular dichroism spectroscopy, steady state fluorescence, three-dimensional fluorescence spectra, synchronous fluorescence and time-resolved fluorescence spectra at molecular level. The UV-vis studies represent that ITZ can access into heme group and lead to it explored in aqueous medium. CD spectra suggest ITZ could combine with amino acid residues in polypeptide chain and cause a partial unfolding of Hb (reducing of the α-helix content). Steady state fluorescence/synchronous fluorescence (taking into account inner filter effects) and three-dimensional fluorescence/time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy results reveal that ITZ alters polarity and conformation around the fluorophore molecule. The interaction processes are static quenching mechanisms. The negative of ΔH(0) and ΔS(0) indicate that hydrogen bonds and van der Waals are the main force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfan Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weiding Cui
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Suming Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Fei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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31
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Riccardi CM, Cole KS, Benson KR, Ward JR, Bassett KM, Zhang Y, Zore OV, Stromer B, Kasi RM, Kumar CV. Toward “Stable-on-the-Table” Enzymes: Improving Key Properties of Catalase by Covalent Conjugation with Poly(acrylic acid). Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:1501-10. [DOI: 10.1021/bc500233u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina M. Riccardi
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and §Institute of Materials
Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Kyle S. Cole
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and §Institute of Materials
Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Kyle R. Benson
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and §Institute of Materials
Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Jessamyn R. Ward
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and §Institute of Materials
Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Kayla M. Bassett
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and §Institute of Materials
Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Yiren Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and §Institute of Materials
Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Omkar V. Zore
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and §Institute of Materials
Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Bobbi Stromer
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and §Institute of Materials
Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Rajeswari M. Kasi
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and §Institute of Materials
Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Challa V. Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and §Institute of Materials
Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
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32
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Zore OV, Lenehan PJ, Kumar CV, Kasi RM. Efficient biocatalysis in organic media with hemoglobin and poly(acrylic acid) nanogels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:5176-5184. [PMID: 24785134 DOI: 10.1021/la501034b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that the stability and aqueous catalytic activity of met-hemoglobin (Hb) was improved when covalently conjugated with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). In the current study, the Hb-PAA-water interface was modified to improve Hb catalytic efficiency in organic solvents (0-80% v/v organic solvent; remainder is the conjugate, the substrate, and water). The protein-polymer-solvent interface modification was achieved by esterifying the carboxylic acid groups of Hb-PAA with ethanol (EtOH) or 1-propanol (1-prop) after activation with carbodiimide. The resulting esters (Hb-PAA-Eth and Hb-PAA-1-prop, respectively) showed high peroxidase-like catalytic activities in acetonitrile (ACN), dimethylformamide (DMF), EtOH, and methanol (MeOH). Catalytic activities depended on the log(P) values of the solvents, which is a measure of solvent lipophilicity. The highest weighted-average activities were noted in MeOH for all three conjugates, and the lowest average activities were noted in DMF for two of the conjugates. Interestingly, the average activities of the conjugates were higher than that of Hb in all solvents except in ACN. The ratio of the catalytic rate constant (kcat) to the Michaelis constant (KM), the catalytic efficiency, for Hb-PAA-Eth in MeOH was the highest noted, and it is ~3-fold higher than that of Hb in buffer; conjugates offered higher efficiencies than Hb at most solvent compositions. This is the very first general, versatile, modular strategy of coupling the enhanced stability of Hb with improved activity in organic solvents via the chemical manipulation of the polymer shell around Hb and provides a robust approach to efficient biocatalysis in organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omkar V Zore
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and §Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut , Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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33
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Wang S, Yuan F, Chen G, Tu K, Wang H, Wang LQ. Dextran-based thermo-responsive hemoglobin–polymer conjugates with oxygen-carrying capacity. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06397j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft copolymer dextran-g-poly(NIPAAm) was synthesized via SET-LRP and covalently attached to bovine hemoglobin to form thermo-responsive protein–polymer conjugates as novel oxygen carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Gaojian Chen
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research
- Soochow University
- Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Kehua Tu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Zhejiang University
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Zhejiang University
| | - Li-Qun Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Zhejiang University
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Deshapriya IK, Kumar CV. Nanobio interfaces: charge control of enzyme/inorganic interfaces for advanced biocatalysis. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:14001-14016. [PMID: 24102555 DOI: 10.1021/la403165y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Specific approaches to the rational design of nanobio interfaces for enzyme and protein binding to nanomaterials are vital for engineering advanced, functional nanobiomaterials for biocatalysis, sensing, and biomedical applications. This feature article presents an overview of our recent discoveries on structural, functional, and mechanistic details of how enzymes interact with inorganic nanomaterials and how they can be controlled in a systematic manner using α-Zr(IV)phosphate (α-ZrP) as a model system. The interactions of a number of enzymes having a wide array of surface charges, sizes, and functional groups are investigated. Interactions are carefully controlled to screen unfavorable repulsions and enhance favorable interactions for high affinity, structure retention, and activity preservation. In specific cases, catalytic activities and substrate selectivities are improved over those of the pristine enzymes, and two examples of high activity near the boiling point of water have been demonstrated. Isothermal titration calorimetric studies indicated that enzyme binding is coupled to ion sequestration or release to or from the nanobio interface, and binding is controlled in a rational manner. We learned that (1) bound enzyme stabilities are improved by lowering the entropy of the denatured state; (2) maximal loadings are obtained by matching charge footprints of the enzyme and the nanomaterial surface; (3) binding affinities are improved by ion sequestration at the nanobio interface; and (4) maximal enzyme structure retention is obtained by biophilizing the nanobio interface with protein glues. The chemical and physical manipulations of the nanobio interface are significant not only for understanding the complex behaviors of enzymes at biological interfaces but also for desiging better functional nanobiomaterials for a wide variety of practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inoka K Deshapriya
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Institute of Material Science , 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06226, United States
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Kryger MBL, Smith AAA, Wohl BM, Zelikin AN. Macromolecular prodrugs for controlled delivery of ribavirin. Macromol Biosci 2013; 14:173-85. [PMID: 24105953 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ribavirin (RBV)-containing polymers are synthesized based on poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) and poly(acrylic acid), two polymers with extensive characterization in biomedicine. The copolymers are shown to exhibit a minor to negligible degree of association with erythrocytes, thus effectively eliminating the origin of the main side effects of RBV. The therapeutic benefit of macromolecular RBV prodrugs is illustrated by matched efficacy in suppressing production of nitric oxide by stimulated cultured macrophages as compared to pristine RBV with no associated cytotoxicity, which is in stark contrast to an RBV-based treatment which results in a significant decrease in cell viability. These results contribute to the development of antiviral polymer therapeutics and delivery of RBV in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mille B L Kryger
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Gustav WiedsVej 14, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Grotzky A, Altamura E, Adamcik J, Carrara P, Stano P, Mavelli F, Nauser T, Mezzenga R, Schlüter AD, Walde P. Structure and enzymatic properties of molecular dendronized polymer-enzyme conjugates and their entrapment inside giant vesicles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:10831-10840. [PMID: 23895383 DOI: 10.1021/la401867c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Macromolecular hybrid structures were prepared in which two types of enzymes, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and bovine erythrocytes Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), were linked to a fluorescently labeled, polycationic, dendronized polymer (denpol). Two homologous denpols of first and second generation were used and compared, and the activities of HRP and SOD of the conjugates were measured in aqueous solution separately and in combination. In the latter case the efficiency of the two enzymes in catalyzing a two-step cascade reaction was evaluated. Both enzymes in the two types of conjugates were highly active and comparable to free enzymes, although the efficiency of the enzymes bound to the second-generation denpol was significantly lower (up to a factor of 2) than the efficiency of HRP and SOD linked to the first-generation denpol. Both conjugates were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), confirming the expected increase in object size compared to free denpols and demonstrating the presence of enzyme molecules localized along the denpol chains. Finally, giant phospholipid vesicles with diameters of up to about 20 μm containing in their aqueous interior pool a first-generation denpol-HRP conjugate were prepared. The HRP of the entrapped conjugate was shown to remain active toward externally added, membrane-permeable substrates, an important prerequisite for the development of vesicular multienzyme reaction systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Grotzky
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Kryger MBL, Wohl BM, Smith AAA, Zelikin AN. Macromolecular prodrugs of ribavirin combat side effects and toxicity with no loss of activity of the drug. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:2643-5. [PMID: 23431562 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc00315a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemi-enzymatic synthesis of ribavirin acrylate and subsequent RAFT co-polymerization with acrylic acid afforded a formulation of a broad spectrum antiviral drug which avoids accumulation in erythrocytes, the origin of the main side effect of ribavirin. In cultured macrophages the macromolecular prodrugs exhibited decreased toxicity while maintaining the anti-inflammatory action of ribavirin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mille B L Kryger
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), The iNANO House, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Thilakarathne VK, Briand VA, Kasi RM, Kumar CV. Tuning hemoglobin-poly(acrylic acid) interactions by controlled chemical modification with triethylenetetramine. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:12783-92. [PMID: 23030246 DOI: 10.1021/jp307206h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein-polymer interactions play a very important role in a number of applications, but details of these interactions are not fully understood. Chemical modification was introduced here to tune protein-polymer interactions in a systematic manner, where methemoglobin (Hb) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) served as a model system. Under similar conditions of pH and ionic strength, the influence of protein charge on Hb/PAA interaction was studied using chemically modified Hb by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). A small fraction of COOH groups of Hb were amidated with triethylenetetramine (TETA) or ammonium chloride to produce the corresponding charge ladders of Hb-TETA and Hb-ammonia derivatives, respectively. All the Hb/PAA complexes produced here are bioactive, entirely soluble in water, and indicated the retention of Hb structure to a significant extent. Binding of Hb to PAA was exothermic (ΔH < 0). The binding of Hb-TETA charge ladder to PAA indicated decrease of ΔH from -8 ± 0.2 to -89 ± 4 kcal/mol, at a rate of -3.8 kcal/mol per unit charge introduced via modification. The Hb-ammonia charge ladder, in contrast, showed a decrease of ΔH from -8 ± 0.2 to -17 ± 1.5 kcal/mol, at much slower rate of -1.0 kcal/mol per unit charge. Thus, the amine used for the modification played a strong role in tuning Hb/PAA interactions, even after correcting for the charge, synergistically. Charge clustering may be responsible for this synergy, and this interesting observation may be exploited to construct protein/polymer platforms for advanced biomacromolecular applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vindya K Thilakarathne
- Department of Chemistry, U-3060, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, USA
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Briand VA, Thilakarathne V, Kasi RM, Kumar CV. Novel surface plasmon resonance sensor for the detection of heme at biological levels via highly selective recognition by apo-hemoglobin. Talanta 2012; 99:113-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Chen K, Merkel TJ, Pandya A, Napier ME, Luft JC, Daniel W, Sheiko S, DeSimone JM. Low modulus biomimetic microgel particles with high loading of hemoglobin. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:2748-59. [PMID: 22852860 DOI: 10.1021/bm3007242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized extremely deformable red blood cell-like microgel particles and loaded them with bovine hemoglobin (Hb) to potentiate oxygen transport. With similar shape and size as red blood cells (RBCs), the particles were fabricated using the PRINT (particle replication in nonwetting templates) technique. Low cross-linking of the hydrogel resulted in very low mesh density for these particles, allowing passive diffusion of hemoglobin throughout the particles. Hb was secured in the particles through covalent conjugation of the lysine groups of Hb to carboxyl groups in the particles via EDC/NHS coupling. Confocal microscopy of particles bound to fluorescent dye-labeled Hb confirmed the uniform distribution of Hb throughout the particle interior, as opposed to the surface conjugation only. High loading ratios, up to 5 times the amount of Hb to polymer by weight, were obtained without a significant effect on particle stability and shape, though particle diameter decreased slightly with Hb conjugation. Analysis of the protein by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy showed that the secondary structure of Hb was unperturbed by conjugation to the particles. Methemoglobin in the particles could be maintained at a low level and the loaded Hb could still bind oxygen, as studied by UV-vis spectroscopy. Hb-loaded particles with moderate loading ratios demonstrated excellent deformability in microfluidic devices, easily deforming to pass through restricted pores half as wide as the diameter of the particles. The suspension of concentrated particles with a Hb concentration of 5.2 g/dL showed comparable viscosity to that of mouse blood, and the particles remained intact even after being sheared at a constant high rate (1000 1/s) for 10 min. Armed with the ability to control size, shape, deformability, and loading of Hb into RBC mimics, we will discuss the implications for artificial blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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Zhou Y, Sharma N, Deshmukh P, Lakhman RK, Jain M, Kasi RM. Hierarchically Structured Free-Standing Hydrogels with Liquid Crystalline Domains and Magnetic Nanoparticles as Dual Physical Cross-Linkers. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:1630-41. [DOI: 10.1021/ja208349x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, §Department of Physics, and ∥Institute of
Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Nitin Sharma
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, §Department of Physics, and ∥Institute of
Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Prashant Deshmukh
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, §Department of Physics, and ∥Institute of
Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Rubinder Kaur Lakhman
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, §Department of Physics, and ∥Institute of
Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Menka Jain
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, §Department of Physics, and ∥Institute of
Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Rajeswari M. Kasi
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, §Department of Physics, and ∥Institute of
Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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42
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Zhao Y, Dong H, Li Y, Fu X. Living radical polymerization of acrylates and acrylamides mediated by a versatile cobalt porphyrin complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:3506-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc00114d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Jung B, Theato P. Chemical Strategies for the Synthesis of Protein–Polymer Conjugates. BIO-SYNTHETIC POLYMER CONJUGATES 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2012_169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Mudhivarthi VK, Cole KS, Novak MJ, Kipphut W, Deshapriya IK, Zhou Y, Kasi RM, Kumar CV. Ultra-stable hemoglobin–poly(acrylic acid) conjugates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm34434c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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45
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Ding F, Liu W, Sun Y, Yang XL, Sun Y, Zhang L. Analysis of conjugation of chloramphenicol and hemoglobin by fluorescence, circular dichroism and molecular modeling. J Mol Struct 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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46
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Zhang L, Xu X, Luo Z, Zhang Y, Shen D, Peng L, Song J. Cu(ii)- and disulfide bonds-induced stabilization during the guanidine hydrochloride- and thermal-induced denaturation of NAD-glycohydrolase from the venom of Agkistrodon acutus. Metallomics 2011; 4:166-73. [PMID: 22045055 DOI: 10.1039/c1mt00135c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
NAD-glycohydrolase (AA-NADase) from Agkistrodon acutus venom is a unique multicatalytic enzyme with both NADase and AT(D)Pase-like activities. Among all identified NADases, only AA-NADase is a disulfide-linked dimer and contains Cu(2+). Cu(2+) and disulfide bonds are essential for its multicatalytic activity. In this study, the effects of Cu(2+) and disulfide-bonds on guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl)- and thermal-induced unfolding of AA-NADase have been investigated by fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Cu(2+) and disulfide bonds not only increase the free energy change during the GdnHCl-induced unfolding as determined by fluorescence, but also increase the overall enthalpy change and the transition temperature during the thermal-induced unfolding as determined by CD and DSC. The slope of the GdnHCl-induced unfolding curve at its midpoint and the heat capacity of thermal-induced unfolding are slightly affected by Cu(2+) but significantly decrease after reduction of three disulfide-bonds. This work suggests that Cu(2+) stabilizes the folded state by increasing the enthalpy of unfolding, while disulfide-bonds stabilize the folded state by increasing the enthalpy of unfolding and stabilizing the packing of hydrophobic residues. Thus both Cu(2+) and disulfide bonds play a structural role in its multicatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
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