1
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Shono M, Honda G, Yanagisawa M, Yoshikawa K, Shioi A. Spontaneous Formation of Uniform Cell-Sized Microgels through Water/Water Phase Separation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302193. [PMID: 37224803 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a one-step method is discussed for producing uniform cell-sized microgels using glass capillaries filled with a binary polymer blend of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and gelatin. Upon decreasing temperature, phase separation of the PEG/gelatin blends and gelation of gelatin occur, and then the polymer blend forms linearly aligned, uniformly sized gelatin microgels in the glass capillary. When DNA is added to the polymer solution, gelatin microgels entrapping DNA are spontaneously formed, and the DNA prevents the coalescence of the microdroplets even at temperatures above the melting point. This novel method to form uniform cell-sized microgels may be applicable to other biopolymers. This method is expected to contribute to diverse materials science via biopolymer microgels and biophysics and synthetic biology through cellular models containing biopolymer gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Shono
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Doshisha University, 6100321, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gen Honda
- Komaba Institute for Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Miho Yanagisawa
- Komaba Institute for Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
- Center for Complex Systems Biology, Universal Biology Institute, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 6100394, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, 606 8501, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihisa Shioi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Doshisha University, 6100321, Kyoto, Japan
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2
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de Matos MBC, Miranda BS, Rizky Nuari Y, Storm G, Leneweit G, Schiffelers RM, Kok RJ. Liposomes with asymmetric bilayers produced from inverse emulsions for nucleic acid delivery. J Drug Target 2019; 27:681-689. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1579819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria B. C. de Matos
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Yudha Rizky Nuari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Raymond M. Schiffelers
- Laboratory Clinical Chemistry & Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert J. Kok
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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3
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Takiguchi K, Hayashi M, Kazayama Y, Toyota T, Harada Y, Nishiyama M. Morphological Control of Microtubule-Encapsulating Giant Vesicles by Changing Hydrostatic Pressure. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:288-293. [PMID: 29491204 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For the development of artificial cell-like machinery, liposomes encapsulating cytoskeletons have drawn much recent attention. However, there has been no report showing isothermally reversible morphological changes of liposomes containing cytoskeletons. We succeeded in reversibly changing the shape of cell-sized giant vesicles by controlling the polymerization/depolymerization state of cytoskeletal microtubules that were encapsulated in the vesicles using pressure changes. The result indicates that it is possible to manipulate artificial cell models composed of molecules such as lipids and proteins. The findings obtained in this study will be helpful in clarifying the details of cooperation between cytoskeletal dynamics and morphogenesis of biological membranes and in improving the design and construction of further advanced artificial cell-like machinery, such as drug-delivery systems. In addition, the experimental system used in this study can be applied to research to elucidate the adaptive strategy of living organisms to external stimuli and extreme conditions such as osmotic stress and high-pressure environments like the deep sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingo Takiguchi
- Nagoya University Graduate School of Science.,Structural Biology Research Center, Nagoya University
| | | | - Yuki Kazayama
- The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
| | - Taro Toyota
- The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
| | - Yoshie Harada
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), and HAKUBI Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University
| | - Masayoshi Nishiyama
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), and HAKUBI Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University
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4
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Dhir S, Salahub S, Mathews AS, Kumaran SK, Montemagno CD, Abraham S. Light-induced ATP driven self-assembly of actin and heavy-meromyosin in proteo-tubularsomes as a step toward artificial cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5346-5349. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02691b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work we studied the light induced self-assembly of F-actin and heavy meromyosin (HMM) in tubular vesicles or “tubularsomes” during initiation by ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satarupa Dhir
- Ingenuity Lab
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Sumalee Salahub
- Ingenuity Lab
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Anu Stella Mathews
- Ingenuity Lab
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Surjith Kumar Kumaran
- Ingenuity Lab
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | | | - Sinoj Abraham
- Ingenuity Lab
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
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5
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Schmitt C, Lippert AH, Bonakdar N, Sandoghdar V, Voll LM. Compartmentalization and Transport in Synthetic Vesicles. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2016; 4:19. [PMID: 26973834 PMCID: PMC4770187 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2016.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale vesicles have become a popular tool in life sciences. Besides liposomes that are generated from phospholipids of natural origin, polymersomes fabricated of synthetic block copolymers enjoy increasing popularity, as they represent more versatile membrane building blocks that can be selected based on their specific physicochemical properties, such as permeability, stability, or chemical reactivity. In this review, we focus on the application of simple and nested artificial vesicles in synthetic biology. First, we provide an introduction into the utilization of multicompartmented vesosomes as compartmentalized nanoscale bioreactors. In the bottom-up development of protocells from vesicular nanoreactors, the specific exchange of pathway intermediates across compartment boundaries represents a bottleneck for future studies. To date, most compartmented bioreactors rely on unspecific exchange of substrates and products. This is either based on changes in permeability of the coblock polymer shell by physicochemical triggers or by the incorporation of unspecific porin proteins into the vesicle membrane. Since the incorporation of membrane transport proteins into simple and nested artificial vesicles offers the potential for specific exchange of substances between subcompartments, it opens new vistas in the design of protocells. Therefore, we devote the main part of the review to summarize the technical advances in the use of phospholipids and block copolymers for the reconstitution of membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Schmitt
- Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna H. Lippert
- Max-Planck-Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Navid Bonakdar
- Max-Planck-Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vahid Sandoghdar
- Max-Planck-Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lars M. Voll
- Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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6
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Non-periodic oscillatory deformation of an actomyosin microdroplet encapsulated within a lipid interface. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18964. [PMID: 26754862 PMCID: PMC4709586 DOI: 10.1038/srep18964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Active force generation in living organisms, which is mainly involved in actin cytoskeleton and myosin molecular motors, plays a crucial role in various biological processes. Although the contractile properties of actomyosin have been extensively investigated, their dynamic contribution to a deformable membrane remains unclear because of the cellular complexities and the difficulties associated with in vitro reconstitution. Here, by overcoming these experimental difficulties, we demonstrate the dynamic deformation of a reconstituted lipid interface coupled with self-organized structure of contractile actomyosin. Therein, the lipid interface repeatedly oscillates without any remarkable periods. The oscillatory deformation of the interface is caused by the aster-like three-dimensional hierarchical structure of actomyosin inside the droplet, which is revealed that the oscillation occurs stochastically as a Poisson process.
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7
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Ito H, Nishigami Y, Sonobe S, Ichikawa M. Wrinkling of a spherical lipid interface induced by actomyosin cortex. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 92:062711. [PMID: 26764731 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.062711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Actomyosin actively generates contractile forces that provide the plasma membrane with the deformation stresses essential to carry out biological processes. Although the contractile property of purified actomyosin has been extensively studied, to understand the physical contribution of the actomyosin contractile force on a deformable membrane is still a challenging problem and of great interest in the field of biophysics. Here, we reconstitute a model system with a cell-sized deformable interface that exhibits anomalous curvature-dependent wrinkling caused by the actomyosin cortex underneath the spherical closed interface. Through a shape analysis of the wrinkling deformation, we find that the dominant contributor to the wrinkled shape changes from bending elasticity to stretching elasticity of the reconstituted cortex upon increasing the droplet curvature radius of the order of the cell size, i.e., tens of micrometers. The observed curvature dependence is explained by the theoretical description of the cortex elasticity and contractility. Our present results provide a fundamental insight into the deformation of a curved membrane induced by the actomyosin cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ito
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yukinori Nishigami
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Seiji Sonobe
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Harima Science Park City, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ichikawa
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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8
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Chiba M, Miyazaki M, Ishiwata S. Quantitative analysis of the lamellarity of giant liposomes prepared by the inverted emulsion method. Biophys J 2015; 107:346-354. [PMID: 25028876 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The inverted emulsion method is used to prepare giant liposomes by pushing water-in-oil droplets through the oil/water interface into an aqueous medium. Due to the high encapsulation efficiency of proteins under physiological conditions and the simplicity of the protocol, it has been widely used to prepare various cell models. However, the lamellarity of liposomes prepared by this method has not been evaluated quantitatively. Here, we prepared liposomes that were partially stained with a fluorescent dye, and analyzed their fluorescence intensity under an epifluorescence microscope. The fluorescence intensities of the membranes of individual liposomes were plotted against their diameter. The plots showed discrete distributions, which were classified into several groups. The group with the lowest fluorescence intensity was determined to be unilamellar by monitoring the exchangeability of the inner and the outer solutions of the liposomes in the presence of the pore-forming toxin α-hemolysin. Increasing the lipid concentration dissolved in oil increased the number of liposomes ∼100 times. However, almost all the liposomes were unilamellar even at saturating lipid concentrations. We also investigated the effects of lipid composition and liposome content, such as highly concentrated actin filaments and Xenopus egg extracts, on the lamellarity of the liposomes. Remarkably, over 90% of the liposomes were unilamellar under all conditions examined. We conclude that the inverted emulsion method can be used to efficiently prepare giant unilamellar liposomes and is useful for designing cell models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Chiba
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makito Miyazaki
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin'ichi Ishiwata
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan; Waseda Bioscience Research Institute in Singapore (WABIOS), Singapore, Singapore.
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9
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Hamada T, Fujimoto R, Shimobayashi SF, Ichikawa M, Takagi M. Molecular behavior of DNA in a cell-sized compartment coated by lipids. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 91:062717. [PMID: 26172746 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.062717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of long DNA molecules in a cell-sized confined space was investigated. We prepared water-in-oil droplets covered by phospholipids, which mimic the inner space of a cell, following the encapsulation of DNA molecules with unfolded coil and folded globule conformations. Microscopic observation revealed that the adsorption of coiled DNA onto the membrane surface depended on the size of the vesicular space. Globular DNA showed a cell-size-dependent unfolding transition after adsorption on the membrane. Furthermore, when DNA interacted with a two-phase membrane surface, DNA selectively adsorbed on the membrane phase, such as an ordered or disordered phase, depending on its conformation. We discuss the mechanism of these trends by considering the free energy of DNA together with a polyamine in the solution. The free energy of our model was consistent with the present experimental data. The cooperative interaction of DNA and polyamines with a membrane surface leads to the size-dependent behavior of molecular systems in a small space. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the physical mechanism of molecular events and reactions inside a cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Hamada
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Rie Fujimoto
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | | | - Masatoshi Ichikawa
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takagi
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
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10
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Deshpande S, Pfohl T. Real-time dynamics of emerging actin networks in cell-mimicking compartments. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116521. [PMID: 25785606 PMCID: PMC4364982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the cytoskeletal functionality and its relation to other cellular components and properties is a prominent question in biophysics. The dynamics of actin cytoskeleton and its polymorphic nature are indispensable for the proper functioning of living cells. Actin bundles are involved in cell motility, environmental exploration, intracellular transport and mechanical stability. Though the viscoelastic properties of actin-based structures have been extensively probed, the underlying microstructure dynamics, especially their disassembly, is not fully understood. In this article, we explore the rich dynamics and emergent properties exhibited by actin bundles within flow-free confinements using a microfluidic set-up and epifluorescence microscopy. After forming entangled actin filaments within cell-sized quasi two-dimensional confinements, we induce their bundling using three different fundamental mechanisms: counterion condensation, depletion interactions and specific protein-protein interactions. Intriguingly, long actin filaments form emerging networks of actin bundles via percolation leading to remarkable properties such as stress generation and spindle-like intermediate structures. Simultaneous sharing of filaments in different links of the network is an important parameter, as short filaments do not form networks but segregated clusters of bundles instead. We encounter a hierarchical process of bundling and its subsequent disassembly. Additionally, our study suggests that such percolated networks are likely to exist within living cells in a dynamic fashion. These observations render a perspective about differential cytoskeletal responses towards numerous stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Deshpande
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Pfohl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Takiguchi K, Negishi M, Tanaka-Takiguchi Y, Hayashi M, Yoshikawa K. Specific transformation of assembly with actin filaments and molecular motors in a cell-sized self-emerged liposome. ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B 2015; 44:325-9. [PMID: 25585806 DOI: 10.1007/s11084-014-9395-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotes, by the same combination of cytoskeleton and molecular motor, for example actin filament and myosin, can generate a variety of movements. For this diversity, the organization of biological machineries caused by the confinement and/or crowding effects of internal living cells, may play very important roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingo Takiguchi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan,
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12
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Rivas G, Vogel SK, Schwille P. Reconstitution of cytoskeletal protein assemblies for large-scale membrane transformation. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2014; 22:18-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Hagiya M, Konagaya A, Kobayashi S, Saito H, Murata S. Molecular robots with sensors and intelligence. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:1681-90. [PMID: 24905779 DOI: 10.1021/ar400318d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONSPECTUS: What we can call a molecular robot is a set of molecular devices such as sensors, logic gates, and actuators integrated into a consistent system. The molecular robot is supposed to react autonomously to its environment by receiving molecular signals and making decisions by molecular computation. Building such a system has long been a dream of scientists; however, despite extensive efforts, systems having all three functions (sensing, computation, and actuation) have not been realized yet. This Account introduces an ongoing research project that focuses on the development of molecular robotics funded by MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan). This 5 year project started in July 2012 and is titled "Development of Molecular Robots Equipped with Sensors and Intelligence". The major issues in the field of molecular robotics all correspond to a feedback (i.e., plan-do-see) cycle of a robotic system. More specifically, these issues are (1) developing molecular sensors capable of handling a wide array of signals, (2) developing amplification methods of signals to drive molecular computing devices, (3) accelerating molecular computing, (4) developing actuators that are controllable by molecular computers, and (5) providing bodies of molecular robots encapsulating the above molecular devices, which implement the conformational changes and locomotion of the robots. In this Account, the latest contributions to the project are reported. There are four research teams in the project that specialize on sensing, intelligence, amoeba-like actuation, and slime-like actuation, respectively. The molecular sensor team is focusing on the development of molecular sensors that can handle a variety of signals. This team is also investigating methods to amplify signals from the molecular sensors. The molecular intelligence team is developing molecular computers and is currently focusing on a new photochemical technology for accelerating DNA-based computations. They also introduce novel computational models behind various kinds of molecular computers necessary for designing such computers. The amoeba robot team aims at constructing amoeba-like robots. The team is trying to incorporate motor proteins, including kinesin and microtubules (MTs), for use as actuators implemented in a liposomal compartment as a robot body. They are also developing a methodology to link DNA-based computation and molecular motor control. The slime robot team focuses on the development of slime-like robots. The team is evaluating various gels, including DNA gel and BZ gel, for use as actuators, as well as the body material to disperse various molecular devices in it. They also try to control the gel actuators by DNA signals coming from molecular computers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masami Hagiya
- Department
of Computer Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan,
| | - Akihiko Konagaya
- Department
of Computational Intelligence and Systems Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuda, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502 Japan
| | - Satoshi Kobayashi
- Department
of Communication Engineering and Informatics, University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu,
Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Hirohide Saito
- Center
for iPS Cell Research and Application/The Hakubi Center for Advanced
Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shyogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Satoshi Murata
- Department
of Bioengineering and Robotics, Tohoku University, 6-6-1 Aobayama, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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14
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Ito H, Yamanaka T, Kato S, Hamada T, Takagi M, Ichikawa M, Yoshikawa K. Dynamical formation of lipid bilayer vesicles from lipid-coated droplets across a planar monolayer at an oil/water interface. SOFT MATTER 2013; 9:9539-9547. [PMID: 26029760 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm51766g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the transfer method has been shown to be useful for preparing cell-sized phospholipid bilayer vesicles, within which desired substances at desired concentrations can be encapsulated, with a desired asymmetric lipid composition. Here, we investigated the transfer process of water-in-oil (W/O) droplets coated by phospholipid monolayers across an oil/water interface by both experimental observation and theoretical modeling. Real-time experimental observation of the transfer revealed that the transfer process is characterized by three kinetic regimes: a precontact process (approaching regime), an early fast process (entering regime), and a late slow process (relaxation regime). In addition, bigger droplets require much more time to transfer than smaller droplets. We propose a theoretical model to interpret this kinetic process. Our theoretical model reproduces the essential aspects of the transfer kinetics, including its size-dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ito
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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15
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Jiménez M, Martos A, Cabré EJ, Raso A, Rivas G. Giant vesicles: a powerful tool to reconstruct bacterial division assemblies in cell-like compartments. Environ Microbiol 2013; 15:3158-68. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Jiménez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas; CSIC; c/Ramiro de Maeztu 9 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Ariadna Martos
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry; Am Klopferspitz 18 D-82152 Martinsried Germany
| | - Elisa J. Cabré
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas; CSIC; c/Ramiro de Maeztu 9 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Ana Raso
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas; CSIC; c/Ramiro de Maeztu 9 28040 Madrid Spain
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry; Am Klopferspitz 18 D-82152 Martinsried Germany
| | - Germán Rivas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas; CSIC; c/Ramiro de Maeztu 9 28040 Madrid Spain
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16
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Cabré EJ, Sánchez-Gorostiaga A, Carrara P, Ropero N, Casanova M, Palacios P, Stano P, Jiménez M, Rivas G, Vicente M. Bacterial division proteins FtsZ and ZipA induce vesicle shrinkage and cell membrane invagination. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:26625-34. [PMID: 23921390 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.491688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Permeable vesicles containing the proto-ring anchoring ZipA protein shrink when FtsZ, the main cell division protein, polymerizes in the presence of GTP. Shrinkage, resembling the constriction of the cytoplasmic membrane, occurs at ZipA densities higher than those found in the cell and is modulated by the dynamics of the FtsZ polymer. In vivo, an excess of ZipA generates multilayered membrane inclusions within the cytoplasm and causes the loss of the membrane function as a permeability barrier. Overproduction of ZipA at levels that block septation is accompanied by the displacement of FtsZ and two additional division proteins, FtsA and FtsN, from potential septation sites to clusters that colocalize with ZipA near the membrane. The results show that elementary constriction events mediated by defined elements involved in cell division can be evidenced both in bacteria and in vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa J Cabré
- From the Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CIB-CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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17
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Rivas G, Alfonso C, Jiménez M, Monterroso B, Zorrilla S. Macromolecular interactions of the bacterial division FtsZ protein: from quantitative biochemistry and crowding to reconstructing minimal divisomes in the test tube. Biophys Rev 2013; 5:63-77. [PMID: 28510160 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-013-0115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The division of Escherichia coli is an essential process strictly regulated in time and space. It requires the association of FtsZ with other proteins to assemble a dynamic ring during septation, forming part of the functionally active division machinery, the divisome. FtsZ reversibly interacts with FtsA and ZipA at the cytoplasmic membrane to form a proto-ring, the first molecular assembly of the divisome, which is ultimately joined by the rest of the division-specific proteins. In this review we summarize the quantitative approaches used to study the activity, interactions, and assembly properties of FtsZ under well-defined solution conditions, with the aim of furthering our understanding of how the behavior of FtsZ is controlled by nucleotides and physiological ligands. The modulation of the association and assembly properties of FtsZ by excluded-volume effects, reproducing in part the natural crowded environment in which this protein has evolved to function, will be described. The subsequent studies on the reactivity of FtsZ in membrane-like systems using biochemical, biophysical, and imaging technologies are reported. Finally, we discuss the experimental challenges to be met to achieve construction of the minimum protein set needed to initiate bacterial division, without cells, in a cell-like compartment. This integrated approach, combining quantitative and synthetic strategies, will help to support (or dismiss) conclusions already derived from cellular and molecular analysis and to complete our understanding on how bacterial division works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Rivas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), c/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos Alfonso
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), c/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Jiménez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), c/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Monterroso
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), c/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Zorrilla
- Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano" (CSIC), c/Serrano 119, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Abstract
Liposome structures have a wide range of applications in biology, biochemistry, and biophysics. As a result, several methods for forming liposomes have been developed. This review provides a critical comparison of existing microfluidic technologies for forming liposomes and, when applicable, a comparison with their analogous macroscale counterparts. The properties of the generated liposomes, including size, size distribution, lamellarity, membrane composition, and encapsulation efficiency, form the basis for comparison. We hope that this critique will allow the reader to make an informed decision as to which method should be used for a given biological application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk van Swaay
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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Giustini M, Giuliani AM, Gennaro G. Natural or synthetic nucleic acids encapsulated in a closed cavity of amphiphiles. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra23208e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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20
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Martos A, Jiménez M, Rivas G, Schwille P. Towards a bottom-up reconstitution of bacterial cell division. Trends Cell Biol 2012; 22:634-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Hamada T, Yoshikawa K. Cell-Sized Liposomes and Droplets: Real-World Modeling of Living Cells. MATERIALS 2012. [PMCID: PMC5449011 DOI: 10.3390/ma5112292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in studies concerning cell-sized vesicles, such as liposomes with a lipid bilayer and water-in-oil droplets covered by a lipid monolayer, aim to realize the real-world modeling of living cells. Compartmentalization with a membrane boundary is essential for the organization of living systems. Due to the relatively large surface/volume ratio in microconfinement, the membrane interface influences phenomena related to biological functions. In this article, we mainly focus on the following subjects: (i) conformational transition of biopolymers in a confined space; (ii) molecular association on the membrane surface; and (iii) remote control of cell-sized membrane morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Hamada
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1, Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (T.H.); (K.Y.); Tel./Fax: +81-761-51-1670 (T.H.); +81-774-65-6243 (K.Y.)
| | - Kenichi Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3, Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (T.H.); (K.Y.); Tel./Fax: +81-761-51-1670 (T.H.); +81-774-65-6243 (K.Y.)
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22
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Deshpande S, Pfohl T. Hierarchical self-assembly of actin in micro-confinements using microfluidics. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2012; 6:34120. [PMID: 24032070 PMCID: PMC3461805 DOI: 10.1063/1.4752245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We present a straightforward microfluidics system to achieve step-by-step reaction sequences in a diffusion-controlled manner in quasi two-dimensional micro-confinements. We demonstrate the hierarchical self-organization of actin (actin monomers-entangled networks of filaments-networks of bundles) in a reversible fashion by tuning the [Formula: see text] ion concentration in the system. We show that actin can form networks of bundles in the presence of [Formula: see text] without any cross-linking proteins. The properties of these networks are influenced by the confinement geometry. In square microchambers we predominantly find rectangular networks, whereas triangular meshes are predominantly found in circular chambers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Deshpande
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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23
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Yoda T, Vestergaard MC, Hamada T, Le PTM, Takagi M. Thermo-induced Vesicular Dynamics of Membranes Containing Cholesterol Derivatives. Lipids 2012; 47:813-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-012-3695-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Vogel SK, Schwille P. Minimal systems to study membrane-cytoskeleton interactions. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2012; 23:758-65. [PMID: 22503237 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the context of minimal systems design, there are two areas in which the reductionist approach has been particularly successful: studies of molecular motors on cytoskeletal filaments, and of protein-lipid interactions in model membranes. However, a minimal cortex, that is, the interface between membrane and cytoskeleton, has just begun to be functionally reconstituted. A key property of living cells is their ability to change their shape in response to extracellular and intracellular stimuli. Although studied in live cells since decades, the mutual dependence between cytoskeleton and membrane dynamics in these large-scale transformations is still poorly understood. Here we report on inspiring recent in vitro work in this direction, and the promises it holds for a better understanding of key cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven K Vogel
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
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