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Gabilondo EA, Newell RJ, Chestnut J, Weng J, Jones JL, Maggard PA. Circumventing thermodynamics to synthesize highly metastable perovskites: nano eggshells of SnHfO 3. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:5320-5329. [PMID: 36540127 PMCID: PMC9724691 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00603k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sn(ii)-based perovskite oxides, being the subject of longstanding theoretical interest for the past two decades, have been synthesized for the first time in the form of nano eggshell particle morphologies. All past reported synthetic attempts have been unsuccessful owing to their metastable nature, i.e., by their thermodynamic instability towards decomposition to their constituent oxides. A new approach was discovered that finally provides an effective solution to surmounting this intractable synthetic barrier and which can be the key to unlocking the door to many other predicted metastable oxides. A low-melting KSn2Cl5 salt was utilized to achieve a soft topotactic exchange of Sn(ii) cations into a Ba-containing perovskite, i.e., BaHfO3 with particle sizes of ∼350 nm, at a low reaction temperature of 200 °C. The resulting particles exhibit nanoshell-over-nanoshell morphologies, i.e., with SnHfO3 forming as ∼20 nm thick shells over the surfaces of the BaHfO3 eggshell particles. Formation of the metastable SnHfO3 is found to be thermodynamically driven by the co-production of the highly stable BaCl2 and KCl side products. Despite this, total energy calculations show that Sn(ii) distorts from the A-site asymmetrically and randomly and the interdiffusion has a negligible impact on the energy of the system (i.e., layered vs. solid solution). Additionally, nano eggshell particle morphologies of BaHfO3 were found to yield highly pure SnHfO3 for the first time, thus circumventing the intrinsic ion-diffusion limits occurring at this low reaction temperature. In summary, these results demonstrate that the metastability of many theoretically predicted Sn(ii)-perovskites can be overcome by leveraging the high cohesive energies of the reactants, the exothermic formation of a stable salt side product, and a shortened diffusion pathway for the Sn(ii) cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Gabilondo
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Ryan J Newell
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Jessica Chestnut
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - James Weng
- X-Ray Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL 60439 USA
| | - Jacob L Jones
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Paul A Maggard
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
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Synthesis and densification of BaZrO3 ceramics by reactive cold sintering of Ba(OH)2⋅8H2O-Zr(OH)4 powders. Ann Ital Chir 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gupta SK, Modak B, Tyagi M, Rawat NS, Modak P, Sudarshan K. Harvesting Light from BaHfO 3/Eu 3+ through Ultraviolet, X-ray, and Heat Stimulation: An Optically Multifunctional Perovskite. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:5311-5323. [PMID: 35187346 PMCID: PMC8851442 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Materials with optical multifunctionality such as photoluminescence (PL), radioluminescence, and thermoluminescence (TL) are a boon for a sustainable society. BaHfO3 (barium hafnium oxide [BHO]) under UV irradiation demonstrated visible PL endowed by oxygen vacancies (OVs). Eu3+ doping in BHO (BHOE) introduces f-state impurity levels just below the conduction band for both Eu@Ba and Eu@Hf sites, causing efficient host-to-dopant energy transfer, generating intense 5D0 → 7F1 magnetic dipole transitions (MDT) with internal quantum yield of ∼70%. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance showed the formation of OVs in both BHO and BHOE samples with more vacancies in the doped sample. The positron lifetime measurements suggested that Eu3+ ions are distributed at both Ba2+ and Hf4+ sites. The association of OVs with Hf4+ and Eu3+ ions due to high charge/radius ratio is considered to be responsible for lowering the symmetry around Eu3+ ions to C 4v in BHOE. Density functional theory studies of defect formation energy justified the same. Time-resolved emission spectroscopy showed distinct spectra for Eu@Ba and Eu@Hf sites corresponding to symmetric and asymmetric environments, respectively. This could be highly relevant in designing color tunable phosphor by forcing dopant ions at one specific site because Eu@Ba displayed orange emission whereas Eu@Hf displayed red emission. We could further harness BHOE for X-ray scintillator application by designing a thin film, which showed efficient conversion of high-energy X-ray into visible light. Under beta irradiation; both BHO and BHOE showed distinct TL glow curves as shallow traps were formed in the former and deep traps in the latter, which could have long-term implications in harnessing this material for persistent luminescence. We believe that BHO/BHOE demonstrated an extraordinary credential as a perovskite for multifunctional applications in the area of defect-induced light emission, UV phosphor, X-ray scintillator, and TL crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Gupta
- Radiochemistry
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha
National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Brindaban Modak
- Chemistry
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha
National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Mohit Tyagi
- Technical
Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research
Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha
National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Narender Singh Rawat
- Radiological
Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic
Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha
National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Pampa Modak
- Radiological
Safety Division, Atomic Energy Regulatory
Board, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
- Homi Bhabha
National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Kathi Sudarshan
- Radiochemistry
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha
National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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Walton RI. Perovskite Oxides Prepared by Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Synthesis: A Review of Crystallisation, Chemistry, and Compositions. Chemistry 2020; 26:9041-9069. [PMID: 32267980 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Perovskite oxides with general composition ABO3 are a large group of inorganic materials that can contain a variety of cations from all parts of the Periodic Table and that have diverse properties of application in fields ranging from electronics, energy storage to photocatalysis. Solvothermal synthesis routes to these materials have become increasingly investigated in the past decade as a means of direct crystallisation of the solids from solution. These methods have significant advantages leading to adjustment of crystal form from the nanoscale to the micron-scale, the isolation of compositions not possible using conventional solid-state synthesis and in addition may lead to scalable processes for producing materials at moderate temperatures. These aspects are reviewed, with examples taken from the past decade's literature on the solvothermal synthesis of perovskites with a systematic survey of B-site cations, from transition metals in Groups 4-8 and main group elements in Groups 13, 14 and 15, to solid solutions and heterostructures. As well as hydrothermal reactions, the use of various solvents and solution additives are discussed and some trends identified, along with prospects for developing control and predictability in the crystallisation of complex oxide materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard I Walton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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Patra A, Gogoi G, Qureshi M. Ordered-Disordered BaZrO 3-δ Hollow Nanosphere/Carbon Dot Hybrid Nanocomposite: A New Visible-Light-Driven Efficient Composite Photocatalyst for Hydrogen Production and Dye Degradation. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:10980-10991. [PMID: 31459208 PMCID: PMC6645119 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Perovskites form an interesting class of photocatalytic compounds because of their chemical stability and exotic chemistry. Although barium zirconates have been known for a long time, their photocatalytic study in the literature is very limited. Herein, we have studied the effect of structural disorder, oxygen vacancies and carbon dots (CDs) on photocatalytic activity of BaZrO3-δ (BZO) hollow nanospheres. High alkaline conditions during hydrothermal synthesis lead to the formation of disordered states as well as oxygen vacancies in BZO and create midgap states within the band gap of BZO. The midgap states further shift its absorption onset toward visible light and their presence and effects have been proved by ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electron spin resonance analysis. A composite that consists of CDs shows upconversion photoluminescence and charge-carrier transfer properties to enhance the light absorption of a photocatalyst and its activity. The photocatalytic efficiency of the compounds were examined by H2 evolution and the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye. In this study, loading of 3 wt% CDs on BZO shows the highest hydrogen evolution efficiency (670 μmol/h/g) with an apparent quantum yield of ∼4% and the highest MB dye degradation efficiency (∼90%) among all synthesized composites. The synergistic effect of increased visible light absorption along with enhanced photogenerated charge-carrier transfer efficiency in the presence of CDs and oxygen vacancies in BZO contributes to the enhanced photocatalytic efficacy of hybrid nanomaterials under visible light irradiation.
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Huang Z, Guo J, Wang X, Gao H, Yu J, Zhao Y, Li G. Rational fabrication of size tunable SnO2 hollow microspheres. Chem Res Chin Univ 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-015-4452-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zou Y, Luo Y, Wen N, Ye T, Xu C, Yu J, Wang F, Li G, Zhao Y. Fabricating BaZrO3 hollow microspheres by a simple reflux method. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj01415k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BaZrO3, SrZrO3 and SrHfO3 hollow microparticles were prepared by a reflux method. The concentrated KOH solution used initiated a grain nucleation process to reduce particle sizes, and afforded a high reaction temperature to promote the hollowing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Institute of Nanostructured Materials & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Fiber Modification and Functional Fiber
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin Polytechnic University
- Tianjin 300160, China
| | - Ni Wen
- Institute of Nanostructured Materials & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Fiber Modification and Functional Fiber
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin Polytechnic University
- Tianjin 300160, China
| | - Tiannan Ye
- Institute of Nanostructured Materials & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Fiber Modification and Functional Fiber
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin Polytechnic University
- Tianjin 300160, China
| | - Caiyun Xu
- Institute of Nanostructured Materials & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Fiber Modification and Functional Fiber
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin Polytechnic University
- Tianjin 300160, China
| | - Jianguo Yu
- Institute of Nanostructured Materials & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Fiber Modification and Functional Fiber
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin Polytechnic University
- Tianjin 300160, China
| | - Fengqin Wang
- Institute of Nanostructured Materials & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Fiber Modification and Functional Fiber
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin Polytechnic University
- Tianjin 300160, China
| | - Guodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023, China
| | - Yongnan Zhao
- Institute of Nanostructured Materials & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Fiber Modification and Functional Fiber
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin Polytechnic University
- Tianjin 300160, China
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Lim JS, Lee SY, Park SB. Preparation of fracture-free, uniform, crystallized titania hollow nanospheres by spray pyrolyzing core–shell seeds. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lu Y, Huang H, Ye T, Yu J, Li G, Zhao Y. Fabricating Perovskite BaHfO 3 Hollow Nanospheres through a Mild Reflux Route. CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2013.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongzheng Lu
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Science
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University
| | - Hua Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Fiber Modification and Functional Fiber, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University
| | - Tiannan Ye
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Fiber Modification and Functional Fiber, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University
| | - Jianguo Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Fiber Modification and Functional Fiber, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University
| | - Guodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University
| | - Yongnan Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Fiber Modification and Functional Fiber, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University
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Li S, Wu Z, Li W, Liu Y, Zhuo R, Yan D, Jun W, Yan P. One-pot synthesis of ZnS hollow spheres via a low-temperature, template-free hydrothermal route. CrystEngComm 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce26769a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Chen C, Xu H, Xu L, Zhang F, Dong J, Wang H. One-pot synthesis of homogeneous core–shell Cu2O films with nanoparticle-composed multishells and their photocatalytic properties. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43450h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Liu J, Wan Y, Meng F, Huang X, Liu J. Novel hierarchically-packed tin dioxide sheets for fast adsorption of organic pollutant in aqueous solution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm14032a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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