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Scala-Benuzzi M, Fernández SN, Giménez G, Ybarra G, Soler-Illia GJAA. Ordered Mesoporous Electrodes for Sensing Applications. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:24128-24152. [PMID: 37457464 PMCID: PMC10339336 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors have become increasingly relevant in fields such as medicine, environmental monitoring, and industrial process control. Selectivity, specificity, sensitivity, signal reproducibility, and robustness are among the most important challenges for their development, especially when the target compound is present in low concentrations or in complex analytical matrices. In this context, electrode modification with Mesoporous Thin Films (MTFs) has aroused great interest in the past years. MTFs present high surface area, uniform pore distribution, and tunable pore size. Furthermore, they offer a wide variety of electrochemical signal modulation possibilities through molecular sieving, electrostatic or steric exclusion, and preconcentration effects which are due to mesopore confinement and surface functionalization. In order to fully exploit these advantages, it is central to develop reproducible routes for sensitive, selective, and robust MTF-modified electrodes. In addition, it is necessary to understand the complex mass and charge transport processes that take place through the film (particularly in the mesopores, pore surfaces, and interfaces) and on the electrode in order to design future intelligent and adaptive sensors. We present here an overview of MTFs applied to electrochemical sensing, in which we address their fabrication methods and the transport processes that are critical to the electrode response. We also summarize the current applications in biosensing and electroanalysis, as well as the challenges and opportunities brought by integrating MTF synthesis with electrode microfabrication, which is critical when moving from laboratory work to in situ sensing in the field of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- María
L. Scala-Benuzzi
- INTI-Micro
y Nanotecnologías, Instituto Nacional
de Tecnología Industrial, Av. Gral. Paz 5445, 1560 San Martín, Buenos
Aires, Argentina
- Instituto
de Nanosistemas, Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, UNSAM-CONICET, Av. 25 de Mayo 1169, 1650 San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sol N. Fernández
- INTI-Micro
y Nanotecnologías, Instituto Nacional
de Tecnología Industrial, Av. Gral. Paz 5445, 1560 San Martín, Buenos
Aires, Argentina
- Instituto
de Nanosistemas, Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, UNSAM-CONICET, Av. 25 de Mayo 1169, 1650 San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto
de Calidad Industrial (INCALIN-UNSAM), Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia, 1650 San Martín, Provincia
de Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Gustavo Giménez
- INTI-Micro
y Nanotecnologías, Instituto Nacional
de Tecnología Industrial, Av. Gral. Paz 5445, 1560 San Martín, Buenos
Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Ybarra
- INTI-Micro
y Nanotecnologías, Instituto Nacional
de Tecnología Industrial, Av. Gral. Paz 5445, 1560 San Martín, Buenos
Aires, Argentina
| | - Galo J. A. A. Soler-Illia
- Instituto
de Nanosistemas, Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías, UNSAM-CONICET, Av. 25 de Mayo 1169, 1650 San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Zhu Y, Droguet L, Deng J, Wang X, Li L, Dufil Y, Deschannels M, Jommongkol R, Pareseecharoen C, Grimaud A, Tarascon JM, Fontaine O. Visualizing Water Reduction with Diazonium Grafting on a Glassy Carbon Electrode Surface in a Water-in-Salt Electrolyte. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:23899-23907. [PMID: 37129997 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous batteries are regaining interest, thanks to the extended working stability voltage window in a highly concentrated electrolyte, namely the water-in-salt electrolyte. A solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) forms on the negative electrode to prevent water access to the electrode surface. However, we further reported that the formed SEI layer was not uniform on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode. The SEI after passivation will also show degradation during the remaining time of open-circuit voltage (OCV); hence, it calls for a more stable passivation layer to cover the electrode surface. Here, a surface modification was successfully achieved via artificial diazonium grafting using monomers, such as poly(ethylene glycol), α-methoxy, ω-allyloxy (PEG), and allyl glycidyl cyclocarbonate (AGC), on glassy carbon. Physical and electrochemical measurements indicated that the hydrophobic layer composed of PEG or AGC species was well grafted on the electrode surface. The grafted hydrophobic coatings could protect the electrode surface from the water molecules in the bulk electrolyte and then suppress the free water decomposition (from LSV) but still migrating lithium ions. Furthermore, multiple cycles of CV with one-hour resting OCV identified the good stability of the hydrophobic grafting layer, which is a highlight compared with our precious work. These findings relying on the diazonium grafting design may offer a new strategy to construct a stable artificial SEI layer that can well protect the electrode surface from the free water molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachao Zhu
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Lea Droguet
- College de France, 75005 Paris, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), CNRS FR 3459, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Jie Deng
- Institute for Advanced Study & College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, 610106 Chengdu, China
| | - Xuanze Wang
- Molecular Electrochemistry for Energy Laboratory, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), 21210 Rayong, Thailand
| | - Luming Li
- Institute for Advanced Study & College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, 610106 Chengdu, China
| | - Yannick Dufil
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Rossukon Jommongkol
- Molecular Electrochemistry for Energy Laboratory, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), 21210 Rayong, Thailand
| | - Chayaporn Pareseecharoen
- Molecular Electrochemistry for Energy Laboratory, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), 21210 Rayong, Thailand
| | - Alexis Grimaud
- College de France, 75005 Paris, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), CNRS FR 3459, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Marie Tarascon
- College de France, 75005 Paris, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), CNRS FR 3459, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Fontaine
- Molecular Electrochemistry for Energy Laboratory, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), 21210 Rayong, Thailand
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Al Dine W, Mehdi A, BouMalham I, Herro Z, Vioux A, Brun N, Fontaine O. Self-Limited Grafting of Sub-Monolayers via Diels-Alder Reaction on Glassy Carbon Electrodes: An Electrochemical Insight. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:20540-20546. [PMID: 31858038 PMCID: PMC6906774 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The grafting of molecular monolayers is critical for the functionalization of surfaces. In molecular electrochemistry, the surface modification of electrodes and the way molecules are attached to the electrode surface are highly critical to electron transfers and electrochemical reactions. In this paper, sub-monolayers were covalently grafted onto glassy carbon (GC) electrodes via Diels-Alder cycloaddition with two soluble dienophiles, that is, propargyl bromide and ethynyl ferrocene. Such an approach is clean (no by-product, no catalyst/additive) and occurs under mild conditions by heating at 50 °C in toluene for few hours. The as-modified electrodes were thoroughly characterized by FTIR, XPS, and cyclic voltammetry using both millimetric GC electrodes and ultra-microelectrodes. Cyclic voltammetry gave access to surface coverage and clearly evidenced the covalent grafting of sub-monolayers. The grafting of functional sub-monolayers via Diels-Alder cycloaddition could be easily extended to various functionalities and carbons to prepare electrochemical sensors or electrocatalytic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa
Nasser Al Dine
- ICGM,
Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
- Plateforme
de Recherche en Nanoscience et Nanotechnologie, Faculté des
Sciences 2, Université Libanaise, B.P 90656 Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Ahmad Mehdi
- ICGM,
Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Ibrahim BouMalham
- Laboratoire
Energétique et Réactivité à l’Echelle
Nanométrique (EREN), Faculté des Sciences IV, Université Libanaise, Haouch el-Omara, 1801 Zahlé, Lebanon
| | - Ziad Herro
- Plateforme
de Recherche en Nanoscience et Nanotechnologie, Faculté des
Sciences 2, Université Libanaise, B.P 90656 Fanar, Lebanon
| | - André Vioux
- ICGM,
Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Brun
- ICGM,
Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Fontaine
- ICGM,
Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
- Réseau
sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l’énergie (RS2E), FR CNRS, 80039 Amiens, France
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Peinetti AS, Gilardoni RS, Mizrahi M, Requejo FG, González GA, Battaglini F. Numerical Simulation of the Diffusion Processes in Nanoelectrode Arrays Using an Axial Neighbor Symmetry Approximation. Anal Chem 2016; 88:5752-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sol Peinetti
- INQUIMAE-CONICET,
Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica
y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo S. Gilardoni
- INQUIMAE-CONICET,
Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica
y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Mizrahi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Físicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, INIFTA (CONICET y Dto. Química, Fac. Cs Ex, UNLP), 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Felix G. Requejo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Físicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas, INIFTA (CONICET y Dto. Química, Fac. Cs Ex, UNLP), 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Graciela A. González
- INQUIMAE-CONICET,
Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica
y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Battaglini
- INQUIMAE-CONICET,
Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica
y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Faustini M, Grosso D. Self-assembled inorganic nanopatterns (INPs) made by sol-gel dip-coating: Applications in nanotechnology and nanofabrication. CR CHIM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Peinetti AS, Herrera S, González GA, Battaglini F. Synthesis of atomic metal clusters on nanoporous alumina. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:11317-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47170e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Pt||ZrO2 nanoelectrode array synthesized through the sol–gel process: evaluation of their sensing capability. J Solid State Electrochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-012-1966-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Electrochemical approaches for the fabrication and/or characterization of pure and hybrid templated mesoporous oxide thin films: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:1497-512. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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