1
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Piovano A, Groppo E. Flexible ligands in heterogeneous catalysts for olefin polymerization: Insights from spectroscopy. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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2
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Liu X, Huang J, Tao L, Yu H, Zhou X, Xue C, Han Q, Zou W, Ji H. Oxygen Atom Transfer Mechanism for
Vanadium‐Oxo
Porphyrin Complexes Mediated Aerobic Olefin Epoxidation. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Hui Liu
- Fine Chemical Industry Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat‐sen University Zhuhai Guangdong 519082 China
| | - Jia‐Ying Huang
- Fine Chemical Industry Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat‐sen University Zhuhai Guangdong 519082 China
| | - Lei‐Ming Tao
- Fine Chemical Industry Research Institute, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong 510275 China
| | - Hai‐Yang Yu
- Fine Chemical Industry Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat‐sen University Zhuhai Guangdong 519082 China
| | - Xian‐Tai Zhou
- Fine Chemical Industry Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat‐sen University Zhuhai Guangdong 519082 China
| | - Can Xue
- Fine Chemical Industry Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat‐sen University Zhuhai Guangdong 519082 China
| | - Qi Han
- Fine Chemical Industry Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat‐sen University Zhuhai Guangdong 519082 China
| | - Wen Zou
- Fine Chemical Industry Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat‐sen University Zhuhai Guangdong 519082 China
| | - Hong‐Bing Ji
- Fine Chemical Industry Research Institute, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong 510275 China
- School of Chemical Engineering Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology Maoming Guangdong 525000 China
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3
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Piovano A, Wada T, Amodio A, Takasao G, Ikeda T, Zhu D, Terano M, Chammingkwan P, Groppo E, Taniike T. Formation of Highly Active Ziegler–Natta Catalysts Clarified by a Multifaceted Characterization Approach. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Piovano
- Department of Chemistry, INSTM and NIS Centre, University of Torino, Via Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Toru Wada
- Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Alessia Amodio
- Department of Chemistry, INSTM and NIS Centre, University of Torino, Via Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Gentoku Takasao
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ikeda
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Dongzhi Zhu
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Minoru Terano
- Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Patchanee Chammingkwan
- Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Elena Groppo
- Department of Chemistry, INSTM and NIS Centre, University of Torino, Via Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Toshiaki Taniike
- Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
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4
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Tracing Poly(Vinyl Acetate) Emulsions by Infrared and Raman Spectroscopies: Identification of Spectral Markers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213609. [PMID: 34771166 PMCID: PMC8588451 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinyl emulsions started to be used by artists in paintings at least since the early 1960s, being now present in several artworks worldwide. However, different vinyl formulations can result in distinct behaviours over time, and if some artworks are currently showing a good condition, others already show damages due to the use of compositions more susceptible to degradation. For this reason, it is fundamental to identify the main components in the vinyl acetate-based (VAc-based) emulsion. This work focuses on the molecular study of VAc-based emulsions by infrared and Raman spectroscopies. It aims at deepening the knowledge on the variability of the composite formulation and on the identification of characteristic bands and spectral profiles (identified as spectral markers) for both polymer and additives. To this end, a broad set of vinyl emulsions was gathered, including reference materials, historical commercial brands in use by Portuguese artists, and commercial brands collected from industrial companies. The entire set includes vinyl homopolymers produced for the purpose of the study and known formulations of vinyl homopolymers and copolymers, with and without plasticisers, according to technical data sheets and previous studies. Furthermore, unknown formulations have been included to validate the usefulness of the identified spectral markers. This set has been studied in the form of solid films deposited in glass slides by infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflection mode (ATR-FTIR) and micro-Raman spectroscopy (µ-Raman), both conducted in situ. As conclusions, the combined use of ATR-FTIR and µ-Raman proved to be very useful as different spectral markers were detected by each technique, confirming their complementarity. Besides the clear identification of vinyl acetate-based emulsions by both techniques, it was also possible to suggest spectral markers for the copolymerisation of vinyl acetate with vinyl versatate by µ-Raman, the stabilisation of the emulsion with poly(vinyl alcohol) by ATR-FTIR, and the addition of phthalates or benzoates plasticisers by both ATR-FTIR and µ-Raman.
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5
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Bossers KW, Valadian R, Garrevoet J, van Malderen S, Chan R, Friederichs N, Severn J, Wilbers A, Zanoni S, Jongkind MK, Weckhuysen BM, Meirer F. Heterogeneity in the Fragmentation of Ziegler Catalyst Particles during Ethylene Polymerization Quantified by X-ray Nanotomography. JACS AU 2021; 1:852-864. [PMID: 34240080 PMCID: PMC8243319 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ziegler-type catalysts are the grand old workhorse of the polyolefin industry, yet their hierarchically complex nature complicates polymerization activity-catalyst structure relationships. In this work, the degree of catalyst framework fragmentation of a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) Ziegler-type catalyst was studied using ptychography X-ray-computed nanotomography (PXCT) in the early stages of ethylene polymerization under mild reaction conditions. An ensemble consisting of 434 fully reconstructed ethylene prepolymerized Ziegler catalyst particles prepared at a polymer yield of 3.4 g HDPE/g catalyst was imaged. This enabled a statistical route to study the heterogeneity in the degree of particle fragmentation and therefore local polymerization activity at an achieved 3-D spatial resolution of 74 nm without requiring invasive imaging tools. To study the degree of catalyst fragmentation within the ensemble, a fragmentation parameter was constructed based on a k-means clustering algorithm that relates the quantity of polyethylene formed to the average size of the spatially resolved catalyst fragments. With this classification method, we have identified particles that exhibit weak, moderate, and strong degrees of catalyst fragmentation, showing that there is a strong heterogeneity in the overall catalyst particle fragmentation and thus polymerization activity within the entire ensemble. This hints toward local mass transfer limitations or other deactivation phenomena. The methodology used here can be applied to all polyolefin catalysts, including metallocene and the Phillips catalysts to gain statistically relevant fundamental insights in the fragmentation behavior of an ensemble of catalyst particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen W. Bossers
- Inorganic
Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roozbeh Valadian
- Inorganic
Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Garrevoet
- Photon
Science at Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg 22603, Germany
| | - Stijn van Malderen
- Photon
Science at Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg 22603, Germany
| | - Robert Chan
- SABIC, P.O. Box 319, 6160
AH Geleen, The Netherlands
| | | | - John Severn
- DSM
Materials Science Center, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Arnold Wilbers
- DSM
Materials Science Center, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Zanoni
- Inorganic
Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten K. Jongkind
- Inorganic
Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic
Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Meirer
- Inorganic
Chemistry & Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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6
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Mohamadi Z, Moradi G, Teimoury HR. Comparison of Mg-ethoxide based Ziegler Natta catalysts using different internal donors employed for ethylene polymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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7
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Panchenko VN, Kostyukov AI, Shabalin AY, Paukshtis EA, Glazneva TS, Kazarian SG. New Insight into Titanium-Magnesium Ziegler-Natta Catalysts Using Photoluminescence Spectroscopy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 74:1209-1218. [PMID: 32347103 PMCID: PMC7577041 DOI: 10.1177/0003702820927434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of study of titanium-magnesium catalysts often used in polymerization processes, by photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) in combination with diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). The interaction of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) with MgCl2 was studied at DBPadded/Mg = 0-1 (mol/mol). The luminescence spectra with excitation at 278 nm and the excitation spectra for main emission bands were recorded. It was shown that DBP adsorbed on magnesium chloride, both in the form of donor-acceptor complexes (D+A-) and in the form of molecular complexes. At DBPadded/Mg <0.15, the formation of D+A- complexes occur predominantly; with an increase in DBPadded/Mg, the fraction of molecular complexes increases. Molecular complexes are destroyed during the treatment of the support by TiCl4. In this case, the structure of magnesium chloride is disordered and new coordination-unsaturated sites are formed. This work is a first attempt to apply PL spectroscopy in combination with DRIFTS spectroscopy to study titanium-magnesium Ziegler-Natta catalysts. The application of PL spectroscopy to such systems made it possible to detect interactions within and between donor molecules, which would be particularly challenging to achieve using other spectroscopic methods. Both spectroscopic methods provided crucial information about the existence of two types of complexes on the sample surface which is important for tuning the synthesis procedure of the titanium-magnesium catalysts for olefin polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anton I. Kostyukov
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Sergei G. Kazarian
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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8
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Structural Disorder of Mechanically Activated δ-MgCl2 Studied by Synchrotron X-ray Total Scattering and Vibrational Spectroscopy. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10091089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A combination of synchrotron X-ray total scattering and molecular simulation is a powerful approach for reliable determination of the structure of δ-MgCl2 as an indispensable component of heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalysts. Here, the same approach is applied to mechanically activated MgCl2. Four types of mechanically activated MgCl2 samples are prepared using ball-milling in the absence and presence of different donors. The development of structural disorder along the grinding time is compared. It was found that the presence of donors accelerates the formation of δ-MgCl2 in an early stage of grinding, while elongated grinding eventually results in δ-MgCl2 with similar extents of structural disorder in the absence and presence of different donors. The FT-IR investigation consistently verified the morphological similarity between the firmly ground samples. Thus, the structure of δ-MgCl2 is likely governed by mechanical energy when sufficiently ground.
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9
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Jafariyeh‐Yazdi E, Tavakoli A, Abbasi F, Parnian MJ, Heidari A. Bi‐supported Ziegler–Natta TiCl
4
/MCM‐41/MgCl
2
(ethoxide type) catalyst preparation and comprehensive investigations of produced polyethylene characteristics. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elchin Jafariyeh‐Yazdi
- Department of Chemical EngineeringSahand University of Technology Tabriz 51335‐1996 Iran
| | - Akram Tavakoli
- Department of Chemical EngineeringSahand University of Technology Tabriz 51335‐1996 Iran
| | - Farhang Abbasi
- Institute of Polymeric Materials and Faculty of Polymer EngineeringSahand University of Technology Tabriz Iran
| | | | - Amin Heidari
- Institute of Polymeric Materials and Faculty of Polymer EngineeringSahand University of Technology Tabriz Iran
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10
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Zorve P, Linnolahti M. Adsorption of Titanium Tetrachloride on Magnesium Dichloride Clusters. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:9921-9928. [PMID: 31459120 PMCID: PMC6645071 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium dichloride and titanium tetrachloride are key components in heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta olefin polymerization catalysis. We have determined the preferred binding modes of titanium tetrachloride on magnesium dichloride clusters at the M06-2X level of theory, thus accounting for dispersion. A systematic study was carried out to locate the lowest energy isomers of (MgCl2) n (TiCl4) m complexes. Altogether ca. 1000 complexes with n ranging from 1 to 19 and m from 1 to 13 were studied. In line with the previous literature, the results consistently show that adsorption of TiCl4 onto MgCl2 preferably leads to octahedral six-coordination for both Mg and Ti atoms. This can be achieved by mononuclear binding of TiCl4 and binuclear binding of Ti2Cl8 on (110) and (104) surfaces of MgCl2, respectively. The preferred octahedral six-coordination is also achieved by binding of TiCl4 on defect sites, of which the most striking example is trinuclear binding mode at corners of the clusters. Overall, the results highlight the relevance of multinuclear binding of TiCl4 on MgCl2.
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11
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Weng Y, Jiang B, Fu Z, Fan Z. Mechanism of internal and external electron donor effects on propylene polymerization with MgCl2
-supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst: New evidences based on active center counting. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Weng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Baiyu Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Zhisheng Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Zhiqiang Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 China
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12
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Blaakmeer ES, Antinucci G, Correa A, Busico V, van Eck ERH, Kentgens APM. Structural Characterization of Electron Donors in Ziegler-Natta Catalysts. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2018; 122:5525-5536. [PMID: 29568341 PMCID: PMC5857925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ziegler-Natta catalysis is a very important industrial process for the production of polyolefins. However, the catalysts are not well-understood at the molecular level. Yet, atomic-scale structural information is of pivotal importance for rational catalyst development. We applied a solid-state NMR/density functional theory tandem approach to gain detailed insight into the interactions between the catalysts' support, MgCl2, and organic electron donors. Because of the heterogeneity of the samples, large line widths are observed in the carbon spectra. Despite this, good agreement between experimental and computational values was reached, and this shows that 1,3-diether based donors coordinate at (110) surface sites, while phthalates are less selective and coordinate at both (104) and (110) surface sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. S.
Merijn Blaakmeer
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Dutch
Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Antinucci
- Dutch
Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Laboratory
of Stereoselective Polymerizations, Federico
II University of Naples, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Correa
- Dutch
Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Laboratory
of Stereoselective Polymerizations, Federico
II University of Naples, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dutch
Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Laboratory
of Stereoselective Polymerizations, Federico
II University of Naples, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Ernst R. H. van Eck
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arno P. M. Kentgens
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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13
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14
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Nissinen VH, Koshevoy IO, Pakkanen TT. Crystalline magnesium chloride-electron donor complexes: new support materials for Ziegler-Natta catalysts. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:4452-4460. [PMID: 28304034 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00193b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, crystalline magnesium chloride-electron donor complexes were prepared by recrystallization of δ-MgCl2 in the presence of chelating electron donors, including two diethers (1,2-dimethoxyethane; DME and 1,3-dimethoxypropane; DMP) and one diamine (N,N'-diethylethylenediamine; DEEDA). The syntheses and crystal structures of such magnesium chloride complexes with chelating ligands have been rarely reported, even though they can provide important information for the selection of electron donors for stereoselective MgCl2-supported Ziegler-Natta catalysts. The synthesized complexes were characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and FTIR and CP/MAS 13C NMR spectroscopy methods. A polymeric complex [MgCl2(DME)]n and molecular complexes [Mg2Cl4(DMP)2(H2O)] and [MgCl2(DEEDA)2] were formed in recrystallizations. In all complexes, the bidentate electron donors are bound in chelate binding mode. The [MgCl2(DME)]n complex, the structure of which consists of a helical polymeric MgCl2 backbone chain and one DME molecule coordinated to each Mg atom, can be considered as a structural model for layered MgCl2. The crystal structure of the [Mg2Cl4(DMP)2(H2O)] complex is composed of a tetrahedral Mg atom with four Cl ligands and a distorted octahedral Mg atom with two DMP molecules, one water molecule, and one Cl ligand. The two types of Mg atoms are connected to each other with a bridging Cl ligand. In the [MgCl2(DEEDA)2] complex, magnesium is octahedrally coordinated by two chloride ligands trans to each other and two DEEDA molecules. The structures of the obtained magnesium chloride-electron donor complexes clearly show how diether and diamine electron donors can dictate the crystal structure of MgCl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- V H Nissinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
| | - I O Koshevoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
| | - T T Pakkanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
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15
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Credendino R, Minenkov Y, Liguori D, Piemontesi F, Melchior A, Morini G, Tolazzi M, Cavallo L. Accurate experimental and theoretical enthalpies of association of TiCl4 with typical Lewis bases used in heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:26996-27006. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04047d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The enthalpy of association of Lewis bases with TiCl4 is analyzed using experimental and computational techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Credendino
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE)
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
- Thuwal
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Y. Minenkov
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE)
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
- Thuwal
- Saudi Arabia
| | - D. Liguori
- Basell Italia Srl
- G. Natta Research Center
- 44100 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - F. Piemontesi
- Basell Italia Srl
- G. Natta Research Center
- 44100 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - A. Melchior
- Dipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura dell’Università di Udine
- Laboratori di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche
- 33100 Udine
- Italy
| | - G. Morini
- Basell Italia Srl
- G. Natta Research Center
- 44100 Ferrara
- Italy
| | - M. Tolazzi
- Dipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura dell’Università di Udine
- Laboratori di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche
- 33100 Udine
- Italy
| | - L. Cavallo
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE)
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
- Thuwal
- Saudi Arabia
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16
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Wang J, Cheng R, He X, Liu Z, Zhao N, Liu B. Vanadium Modification Effects on the (SiO2/MgO/MgCl2)•TiClxZiegler-Natta Polyethylene Catalyst. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201500056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Ruihua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xuelian He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Ning Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Boping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Meilong Road 130 Shanghai 200237 China
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17
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Bui MPN, Makamba H, Seo SS. Characterization of Paraoxon-ethyl and Parathion-ethyl Complexes with β-Cyclodextrin Modified Zirconium Oxide Thin Films by Infrared Spectroscopy. ANAL LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1113418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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van de Loosdrecht J, Ciobîcă IM, Gibson P, Govender NS, Moodley DJ, Saib AM, Weststrate CJ, Niemantsverdriet JW. Providing Fundamental and Applied Insights into Fischer–Tropsch Catalysis: Sasol–Eindhoven University of Technology Collaboration. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ionel M. Ciobîcă
- Sasol Technology
Netherlands BV, Vlierstraat 111, 7544 GG, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Gibson
- Sasol, Group Technology, 1 Klasie Havenga Street, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa
| | - N. S. Govender
- Sasol, Group Technology, 1 Klasie Havenga Street, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa
| | - Denzil J. Moodley
- Sasol, Group Technology, 1 Klasie Havenga Street, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa
| | - Abdool M. Saib
- Sasol, Group Technology, 1 Klasie Havenga Street, Sasolburg 1947, South Africa
| | - C. J. Weststrate
- Laboratory
for Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - J. W. Niemantsverdriet
- Laboratory
for Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Wang J, Cheng R, He X, Liu Z, Zhao N, Liu B. Introduction of chromium species into the (SiO2/MgO/MgCl2)·TiClx Ziegler–Natta catalyst for better catalytic performance. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dong X, Zhang L, Liu Z, Yang M, Duan Z, Hou K, Liu B, Kim IL. MgCl2-supported TiCl4catalysts containing diethyl norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylate internal electron donor for 1-butene polymerization: Effects of internal electron donor configuration. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Dong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Hebei University of Technology; Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Hebei University of Technology; Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Zhibo Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Hebei University of Technology; Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Hebei University of Technology; Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Zhongyu Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Hebei University of Technology; Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Kaihu Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Hebei University of Technology; Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Binyuan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Hebei University of Technology; Tianjin 300130 China
| | - IL Kim
- BK21 PLUS Centre for Advanced Chemical Technology; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Pusan National University; Busan 609-735 Korea
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Pirinen S, Koshevoy IO, Denifl P, Pakkanen TT. A Single-Crystal Model for MgCl2–Electron Donor Support Materials: [Mg3Cl5(THF)4Bu]2 (Bu = n-Butyl). Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400407p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sami Pirinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Igor O. Koshevoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Peter Denifl
- Borealis Polymers Oy, P.O. Box 330, FI-06101 Porvoo, Finland
| | - Tuula T. Pakkanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
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22
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Groppo E, Seenivasan K, Barzan C. The potential of spectroscopic methods applied to heterogeneous catalysts for olefinpolymerization. Catal Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cy20559a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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23
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