1
|
Britto S, Parlett CM, Bartlett S, Elliott JD, Ignatyev K, Schroeder SLM. Intermediates during the Nucleation of Platinum Nanoparticles by a Reaction with Ethylene Glycol: Operando X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Studies with a Microfluidic Cell. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:8631-8639. [PMID: 37197382 PMCID: PMC10184164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c08749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Using operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy in a continuous-flow microfluidic cell, we have investigated the nucleation of platinum nanoparticles from aqueous hexachloroplatinate solution in the presence of the reducing agent ethylene glycol. By adjusting flow rates in the microfluidic channel, we resolved the temporal evolution of the reaction system in the first few seconds, generating the time profiles for speciation, ligand exchange, and reduction of Pt. Detailed analysis of the X-ray absorption near-edge structure and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectra with multivariate data analysis shows that at least two reaction intermediates are involved in the transformation of the precursor H2PtCl6 to metallic platinum nanoparticles, including the formation of clusters with Pt-Pt bonding before complete reduction to Pt nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Britto
- Diamond
Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Christopher M.
A. Parlett
- Diamond
Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K.
- Diamond
Light Source, The University of Manchester
at Harwell, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Rutherford
Appleton Laboratory, UK Catalysis Hub, Research
Complex at Harwell, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, U.K.
| | - Stuart Bartlett
- Diamond
Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Joshua D. Elliott
- Diamond
Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Konstantin Ignatyev
- Diamond
Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Sven L. M. Schroeder
- Diamond
Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K.
- School
of Chemical and Process Engineering, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- Rutherford
Appleton Laboratory, ESPRC Future Continuous
Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation (CMAC) Hub, Research Complex
at Harwell, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liang Y, Li T, Lee Y, Zhang Z, Li Y, Si W, Liu Z, Zhang C, Qiao Y, Bai S, Lin Y. Organic Photovoltaic Catalyst with σ-π Anchor for High-Performance Solar Hydrogen Evolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217989. [PMID: 36700554 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Efficient in situ deposition of metallic cocatalyst, like zero-valent platinum (Pt), on organic photovoltaic catalysts (OPCs) is the prerequisite for their high catalytic activities. Here we develop the OPC (Y6CO), by introducing carbonyl in the core, which is available to σ-π coordinate with transition metals, due to the high-energy empty π* orbital of carbonyl. Y6CO exhibits a stronger capability to anchor Pt species and reduce them to metallic state, resulting in more Pt0 deposition, relative to the control OPC without the central σ-π anchor. Single-component and heterojunction nanoparticles (NPs) employing Y6CO show enhanced average hydrogen evolution rates of 230.98 and 323.22 mmol h-1 g[OPC] -1 , respectively, under AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm-2 for 10 h, and heterojunction NPs yield the external quantum efficiencies of ca. 10 % in 500-800 nm. This work demonstrates that σ-π anchoring is one efficient strategy for integrating metallic cocatalyst and OPC for high-performance photocatalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Liang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratories of Organic Solids, Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Photochemistry, and Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tengfei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratories of Organic Solids, Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Photochemistry, and Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuhsuan Lee
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratories of Organic Solids, Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Photochemistry, and Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratories of Organic Solids, Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Photochemistry, and Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yawen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratories of Organic Solids, Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Photochemistry, and Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenqin Si
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratories of Organic Solids, Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Photochemistry, and Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zesheng Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratories of Organic Solids, Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Photochemistry, and Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratories of Organic Solids, Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Photochemistry, and Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Qiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratories of Organic Solids, Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Photochemistry, and Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuming Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratories of Organic Solids, Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Photochemistry, and Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuze Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratories of Organic Solids, Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Photochemistry, and Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The effect of a gas atmosphere on the formation of colloidal platinum nanoparticles in liquid phase synthesis. Colloid Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-023-05077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
|
4
|
Shen X, Wu D, Zhang H, Liu X, Cao L, Yao T. Application of Time-Resolved Synchrotron X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy in an Energy Conversion Reaction. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:645-652. [PMID: 36637141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The rational design of high-efficiency catalysts is hindered by the knowledge of active sites, which always experience dynamic transformations within different time scales. In this regard, tracking these time-dependent processes is essential to building the correlation between the active site and catalytic performance. Achieving this goal requires powerful characterization techniques to overcome the obstacle induced by the time mismatch. By virtue of the local structure sensitivity, synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) comprising step-scanning XAS, quick-scanning XAS, and energy-dispersive XAS has been widely applied to record structural evolution events. In this Perspective, we highlight the substantial accomplishments achieved by these time-resolved XAS techniques. Their principles, advantages, and limitations involved in monitoring energy-involving electrocatalysis were also introduced. Meanwhile, the key challenges that we are encountering and the further directions of time-resolved XAS are also provided. We sincerely hope that these insights could offer a reliable guideline for other researchers to design more efficient in situ experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Shen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Dan Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Xiaokang Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Linlin Cao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - Tao Yao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Atom hybridization of metallic elements: Emergence of subnano metallurgy for the post-nanotechnology. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
6
|
Kim J, Kang D, Kang S, Kim BH, Park J. Coalescence dynamics of platinum group metal nanoparticles revealed by liquid-phase TEM. iScience 2022; 25:104699. [PMID: 35880046 PMCID: PMC9307684 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Coalescence, one of the major pathways observed in the growth of nanoparticles, affects the structural diversity of the synthesized nanoparticles in terms of sizes, shapes, and grain boundaries. As coalescence events occur transiently during the growth of nanoparticles and are associated with the interaction between nanoparticles, mechanistic understanding is challenging. The ideal platform to study coalescence events may require real-time tracking of nanoparticle growth trajectories with quantitative analysis for coalescence events. Herein, we track nanoparticle growth trajectories using liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy (LTEM) to investigate the role of coalescence in nanoparticle formation and their morphologies. By evaluating multiple coalescence events for different platinum group metals, we reveal that the surface energy and ligand binding energy determines the rate of the reshaping process and the resulting final morphology of coalesced nanoparticles. The coalescence mechanism, based on direct LTEM observation explains the structures of noble metal nanoparticles that emerge in colloidal synthesis. Image processing of in situ liquid cell TEM image Size-dependent coalescence behaviors of metal nanoparticles Different kinetics of Pt and Pd nanoparticles owing to their different surface energies Reshaping kinetics determines the final morphology of coalesced nanoparticles
Collapse
|
7
|
Glebov EM. Femtochemistry methods for studying the photophysics and photochemistry of halide complexes of platinum metals. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
8
|
Nucleation/growth of the platinum nanoparticles under the liquid phase synthesis. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
9
|
He C, Sankarasubramanian S, Ells A, Parrondo J, Gumeci C, Kodali M, Matanovic I, Yadav AK, Bhattacharyya K, Dale N, Atanassov P, Ramani VK. Self-Anchored Platinum-Decorated Antimony-Doped-Tin Oxide as a Durable Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng He
- Center for Solar Energy and Energy Storage and Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Shrihari Sankarasubramanian
- Center for Solar Energy and Energy Storage and Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Andrew Ells
- Center for Solar Energy and Energy Storage and Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Javier Parrondo
- Nissan Technical Center North America, Farmington Hills, Michigan 48331, United States
| | - Cenk Gumeci
- Nissan Technical Center North America, Farmington Hills, Michigan 48331, United States
| | - Mounika Kodali
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National Fuel Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Ivana Matanovic
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Ashok Kumar Yadav
- Atomic & Molecular Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400094, India
| | | | - Nilesh Dale
- Nissan Technical Center North America, Farmington Hills, Michigan 48331, United States
| | - Plamen Atanassov
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National Fuel Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Vijay K. Ramani
- Center for Solar Energy and Energy Storage and Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yoshimune W, Kuwaki A, Kusano T, Matsunaga T, Nakamura H. In Situ Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Studies on the Growth Mechanism of Anisotropic Platinum Nanoparticles. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:10866-10874. [PMID: 34056240 PMCID: PMC8153930 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Shape-controlled platinum nanoparticles exhibit extremely high oxygen reduction activity. Platinum nanoparticles were synthesized by the reduction of a platinum complex in the presence of a soft template formed by organic surfactants in oleylamine. The formation of platinum nanoparticles was investigated using in situ small-angle X-ray scattering experiments. Time-resolved measurements revealed that different particle shapes appeared during the reaction. After the nuclei were generated, they grew into anisotropic rod-shaped nanoparticles. The shape, size, number density, reaction yield, and specific surface area of the nanoparticles were successfully determined using small-angle X-ray scattering profiles. Anisotropic platinum nanoparticles appeared at a low reaction temperature (∼100 °C) after a short reaction time (∼30 min). The aspect ratio of these platinum nanoparticles was correlated with the local packing motifs of the surfactant molecules and their stability. Our findings suggest that the interfacial structure between the surfactant and platinum nuclei can be important as a controlling factor for tailoring the aspect ratio of platinum nanoparticles and further optimizing the fuel cell performance.
Collapse
|
11
|
Meng J, You JB, Arends GF, Hao H, Tan X, Zhang X. Microfluidic device coupled with total internal reflection microscopy for in situ observation of precipitation. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2021; 44:57. [PMID: 33877477 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In situ observation of precipitation or phase separation induced by solvent addition is important in studying its dynamics. Combined with optical and fluorescence microscopy, microfluidic devices have been leveraged in studying the phase separation in various materials including biominerals, nanoparticles, and inorganic crystals. However, strong scattering from the subphases in the mixture is problematic for in situ study of phase separation with high temporal and spatial resolution. In this work, we present a quasi-2D microfluidic device combined with total internal reflection microscopy as an approach for in situ observation of phase separation. The quasi-2D microfluidic device comprises of a shallow main channel and a deep side channel. Mixing between a solution in the main channel (solution A) and another solution (solution B) in the side channel is predominantly driven by diffusion due to high fluid resistance from the shallow height of the main channel, which is confirmed using fluorescence microscopy. Moreover, relying on diffusive mixing, we can control the composition of the mixture in the main channel by tuning the composition of solution B. We demonstrate the application of our method for in situ observation of asphaltene precipitation and [Formula: see text]-alanine crystallization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Meng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Jae Bem You
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Gilmar F Arends
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Hao Hao
- Central Faculty Office (FSET), Swinburne University, Melbourne, 3122, Australia
| | - Xiaoli Tan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Xuehua Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Quinson J, Jensen KM. From platinum atoms in molecules to colloidal nanoparticles: A review on reduction, nucleation and growth mechanisms. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 286:102300. [PMID: 33166723 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Platinum (Pt) is one of the most studied materials in catalysis today and considered for a wide range of applications: chemical synthesis, energy conversion, air treatment, water purification, sensing, medicine etc. As a limited and non-renewable resource, optimized used of Pt is key. Nanomaterial design offers multiple opportunities to make the most of Pt resources down to the atomic scale. In particular, colloidal syntheses of Pt nanoparticles are well documented and simple to implement, which accounts for the large interest in research and development. For further breakthroughs in the design of Pt nanomaterials, a deeper understanding of the intricate synthesis-structures-properties relations of Pt nanoparticles must be obtained. Understanding how Pt nanoparticles form from molecular precursors is both a challenging and rewarding area of investigation. It is directly relevant to develop improved Pt nanomaterials but is also a source of inspiration to design other precious metal nanostructures. Here, we review the current understanding of Pt nanoparticle formation. This review is aimed at readers with interest in Pt nanoparticles in general and their colloidal syntheses in particular. Readers with a strongest interest on the study of nanomaterial formation will find here the case study of Pt. The preferred model systems and characterization techniques used to perform the study of Pt nanoparticle syntheses are discussed. In light of recent achievements, further direction and areas of research are proposed.
Collapse
|
13
|
Quinson J, Kacenauskaite L, Schröder J, Simonsen SB, Theil Kuhn L, Vosch T, Arenz M. UV-induced syntheses of surfactant-free precious metal nanoparticles in alkaline methanol and ethanol. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:2288-2292. [PMID: 36133382 PMCID: PMC9417515 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00218f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant-free UV-induced syntheses of Pt and Ir nanoparticles in alkaline methanol and ethanol are presented. Small size nanoparticles ca. 2 nm in diameter are obtained without surfactants in a wide range of base concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Quinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Laura Kacenauskaite
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Johanna Schröder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Søren B Simonsen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark Fysikvej Bldg. 310 DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Luise Theil Kuhn
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark Fysikvej Bldg. 310 DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Tom Vosch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Matthias Arenz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Byun J, Kim KH, Kim BK, Chang JW, Cho SK, Kim JJ. Gravimetric analysis of the autocatalytic growth of copper microparticles in aqueous solution. RSC Adv 2019; 9:37895-37900. [PMID: 35541779 PMCID: PMC9075821 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06842b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth kinetics of copper microparticles was analysed by using the gravimetric method. The copper microparticles were synthesized in aqueous solution containing cupric ion and HCHO under various conditions (temperature, additive) and the total mass was monitored during the synthesis. The relation between the total mass and time was formularized using heterogeneous and pseudo-first order reaction kinetics of the autocatalytic surface growth of copper with a modification of the Finke-Watzky kinetic model. Fitting of theoretical curves to the experimental results with various temperatures provided the rate constants of the surface growth, and the reaction activation energy was found from the Arrhenius plot to be 105.4 kJ mol-1. The obtained value was validated by comparing it with one from copper film growth. Its change was observed with the addition of 2,2'-dipyridyl during synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinuk Byun
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Hawn Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Keun Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Woong Chang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology 61 Daehak-ro Gumi Gyeongbuk 39177 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ki Cho
- School of Chemical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology 61 Daehak-ro Gumi Gyeongbuk 39177 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Jeong Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea .,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Harada M, Ikegami R, Kumara LSR, Kohara S, Sakata O. Reverse Monte Carlo modeling for local structures of noble metal nanoparticles using high-energy XRD and EXAFS. RSC Adv 2019; 9:29511-29521. [PMID: 35531547 PMCID: PMC9071934 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06519a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) modeling based on the total structure factor S(Q) obtained from high-energy X-ray diffraction (HEXRD) and the k 3 χ(k) obtained from extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements was employed to determine the 3-dimensional (3D) atomic-scale structure of Pt, Pd, and Rh nanoparticles, with sizes less than 5 nm, synthesized by photoreduction. The total structure factor and Fourier-transformed PDF showed that the first nearest neighbor peak is in accordance with that obtained from conventional EXAFS analysis. RMC constructed 3D models were analyzed in terms of prime structural characteristics such as metal-to-metal bond lengths, first-shell coordination numbers and bond angle distributions. The first-shell coordination numbers and bond angle distributions for the RMC-simulated metal nanoparticles indicated a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure with appropriate number density. Modeling disorder effects in these RMC-simulated metal nanoparticles also revealed substantial differences in bond-length distributions for respective nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Harada
- Department of Health Science and Clothing Environment, Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women's University Nara 630-8506 Japan +81-742-20-3466 +81-742-20-3466
| | - Risa Ikegami
- Department of Health Science and Clothing Environment, Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women's University Nara 630-8506 Japan +81-742-20-3466 +81-742-20-3466
| | - Loku Singgappulige Rosantha Kumara
- Synchrotron X-ray Station at SPring-8, Research Network and Facility Services Division, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun Hyogo 679-5148 Japan
| | - Shinji Kohara
- Synchrotron X-ray Station at SPring-8, Research Network and Facility Services Division, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun Hyogo 679-5148 Japan
| | - Osami Sakata
- Synchrotron X-ray Group, Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, NIMS 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun Hyogo 679-5148 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Decarolis D, Odarchenko Y, Herbert JJ, Qiu C, Longo A, Beale AM. Identification of the key steps in the self-assembly of homogeneous gold metal nanoparticles produced using inverse micelles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 22:18824-18834. [PMID: 31475258 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03473k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) using polymer-encapsulated inverse micelles was studied using a set of advanced X-ray techniques (i.e. XAFS, SAXS) in addition to DLS, UV-vis spectroscopy and TEM. Importantly the combination of these techniques with the inverse micelle approach affords us detailed insight and to rationalize the evolving molecular chemistry and how this drives the formation of the Au NPs. We observe that the mechanism comprises three key steps: an initial fast reduction of molecular Au(iii) species to molecular Au(i)Cl; the latter species are often very unstable during the self-assembly process. This is followed by a gradual reduction of these molecular Au(i) species and the formation of sub-nanometric Au clusters which coalesce into nanoparticles. It was also found that addition of small amounts of HCl can accelerate the formation of the Au clusters (the second phase) without affecting the final particle size or its particle size distribution. These findings would help us to understand the reaction mechanism of Au NP formation as well as providing insights into how NP properties could be further tailored for a wide range of practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donato Decarolis
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wu S, Li M, Sun Y. In Situ Synchrotron X-ray Characterization Shining Light on the Nucleation and Growth Kinetics of Colloidal Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8987-8995. [PMID: 30830994 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Rational synthesis of colloidal nanoparticles with desirable properties relies on precise control over the nucleation and growth kinetics, which is still not well understood. The recent development of in situ high energy synchrotron X-ray techniques offers an excellent opportunity to quantitatively monitor the growth trajectories of colloidal nanoparticles in real time under real reaction conditions. The time-resolved, quantitative data of the growing colloidal nanoparticles are unique to reveal the mechanism of nanoparticle formation and determine the corresponding intrinsic kinetic parameters. This review discusses the kinetics of major steps of forming colloidal nanoparticles and the capability of in situ synchrotron X-ray techniques in studying the corresponding kinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Mingrui Li
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Yugang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wu S, Li M, Sun Y. In Situ Synchrotron X‐ray Characterization Shining Light on the Nucleation and Growth Kinetics of Colloidal Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Wu
- Department of Chemistry Temple University 1901 North 13th Street Philadelphia PA 19122 USA
| | - Mingrui Li
- Department of Chemistry Temple University 1901 North 13th Street Philadelphia PA 19122 USA
| | - Yugang Sun
- Department of Chemistry Temple University 1901 North 13th Street Philadelphia PA 19122 USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fichtner J, Garlyyev B, Watzele S, El-Sayed HA, Schwämmlein JN, Li WJ, Maillard FM, Dubau L, Michalička J, Macak JM, Holleitner A, Bandarenka AS. Top-Down Synthesis of Nanostructured Platinum-Lanthanide Alloy Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts: Pt xPr/C as an Example. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:5129-5135. [PMID: 30633493 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b20174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of great interest for future sustainable energy conversion and storage, especially concerning fuel cell applications. The preparation of active, affordable, and scalable electrocatalysts and their application in fuel cell engines of hydrogen cars is a prominent step toward the reduction of air pollution, especially in urban areas. Alloying nanostructured Pt with lanthanides is a promising approach to enhance its catalytic ORR activity, whereby the development of a simple synthetic route turned out to be a nontrivial endeavor. Herein, for the first time, we present a successful single-step, scalable top-down synthetic route for Pt-lanthanide alloy nanoparticles, as witnessed by the example of Pr-alloyed Pt nanoparticles. The catalyst was characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and photoelectron spectroscopy, and its electrocatalytic oxygen reduction activity was investigated using a rotating disk electrode technique. Pt xPr/C showed ∼3.5 times higher [1.96 mA/cm2Pt, 0.9 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)] specific activity and ∼1.7 times higher (0.7 A/mgPt, 0.9 V vs RHE) mass activity compared to commercial Pt/C catalysts. On the basis of previous findings and characterization of the Pt xPr/C catalyst, the activity improvement over commercial Pt/C originates from a lattice strain introduced by the alloying process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Fichtner
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Straße 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Batyr Garlyyev
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Straße 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Sebastian Watzele
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Straße 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM) , Schellingstraße 4 , 80799 Munich , Germany
| | | | | | | | - Frédéric M Maillard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Laetitia Dubau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Jan Michalička
- Central European Institute of Technology , Brno University of Technology , Purkynova 123 , 612 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Jan M Macak
- Central European Institute of Technology , Brno University of Technology , Purkynova 123 , 612 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Holleitner
- Walter Schottky Institute , Technical University of Munich , Am Coulombwall 4a , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Aliaksandr S Bandarenka
- Physics of Energy Conversion and Storage , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Straße 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM) , Schellingstraße 4 , 80799 Munich , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu F, Qi P, Liang X, Chen W, Li B, Zhang L, Yang Y, Huang S. Tuning Ion Complexing To Rapidly Prepare Hollow Ag-Pt Nanowires with High Activity toward the Methanol Oxidization Reaction. Chemistry 2018; 24:17345-17355. [PMID: 30222221 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hollow Pt-based nanowires (NWs) have important applications in catalysis. Their preparation often involves a two-step process in which M (M=Ag, Pd, Co, Ni) NWs are prepared and subsequently subjected to galvanic reaction in solution containing a Pt precursor. It is challenging to achieve a simple one-step preparation, because the redox potential of PtIV /Pt or PtII /Pt to Pt is high, and therefore, Pt atoms always form first. This work demonstrates that an appropriate pH can decrease the redox potential of PtIV /Pt and allows the one-step preparation of high-quality hollow Pt-Ag NWs rapidly (10 min). Moreover, it is easy to realize large-scale preparation with this method. The NW composition can be adjusted readily to optimize their performance in the electrocatalytic methanol oxidization reaction (MOR). Compared with commercial Pt/C, NWs with appropriate Ag/Pt ratios exhibit high stability, activity, and CO tolerance ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyan Liu
- Nanomaterials and Chemistry Key Laboratory, Wenzhou University, Xueyuan road 276, WenZhou, Zhejiang, 325027, P.R. China
| | - Peimei Qi
- Nanomaterials and Chemistry Key Laboratory, Wenzhou University, Xueyuan road 276, WenZhou, Zhejiang, 325027, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Liang
- Nanomaterials and Chemistry Key Laboratory, Wenzhou University, Xueyuan road 276, WenZhou, Zhejiang, 325027, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Nanomaterials and Chemistry Key Laboratory, Wenzhou University, Xueyuan road 276, WenZhou, Zhejiang, 325027, P.R. China
| | - Benxia Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- Nanomaterials and Chemistry Key Laboratory, Wenzhou University, Xueyuan road 276, WenZhou, Zhejiang, 325027, P.R. China
| | - Yun Yang
- Nanomaterials and Chemistry Key Laboratory, Wenzhou University, Xueyuan road 276, WenZhou, Zhejiang, 325027, P.R. China
| | - Shaoming Huang
- Nanomaterials and Chemistry Key Laboratory, Wenzhou University, Xueyuan road 276, WenZhou, Zhejiang, 325027, P.R. China.,School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jin B, Sushko ML, Liu Z, Jin C, Tang R. In Situ Liquid Cell TEM Reveals Bridge-Induced Contact and Fusion of Au Nanocrystals in Aqueous Solution. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:6551-6556. [PMID: 30188138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
During nanoparticle coalescence in aqueous solution, dehydration and initial contact of particles are critically important but poorly understood processes. In this work, we used in situ liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy to directly visualize the coalescence process of Au nanocrystals. It is found that the Au atomic nanobridge forms between adjacent nanocrystals that are separated by a ∼0.5 nm hydration layer. The nanobridge structure first induces initial contact of Au nanocrystals over their hydration layers and then surface diffusion and grain boundary migration to rearrange into a single nanocrystal. Classical density functional theory calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the formation of the nanobridge can be attributed to the accumulation of auric ions and a higher local supersaturation in the gap, which can promote dehydration, contact, and fusion of Au nanocrystals. The discovery of this multistep process advances our understanding of the nanoparticle coalescence mechanism in aqueous solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria L Sushko
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99354 , United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nayak C, Bhattacharyya D, Jha SN, Sahoo NK. In Situ XAS Study on Growth of PVP-Stabilized Cu Nanoparticles. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrani Nayak
- Atomic & Molecular Physics Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai - 400 085 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar; Mumbai- 400096 India
| | - Dibyendu Bhattacharyya
- Atomic & Molecular Physics Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai - 400 085 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar; Mumbai- 400096 India
| | - Shambhu N. Jha
- Atomic & Molecular Physics Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai - 400 085 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar; Mumbai- 400096 India
| | - Naba K. Sahoo
- Atomic & Molecular Physics Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; Mumbai - 400 085 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar; Mumbai- 400096 India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Structural Kinetics of Cathode Events on Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Catalysts Studied by Operando Time-Resolved XAFS. Catal Letters 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-018-2383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
24
|
Size-dependent activity and selectivity of carbon dioxide photocatalytic reduction over platinum nanoparticles. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1252. [PMID: 29593250 PMCID: PMC5871894 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03666-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) are one of the most efficient cocatalysts in photocatalysis, and their size determines the activity and the selectivity of the catalytic reaction. Nevertheless, an in-depth understanding of the platinum’s size effect in the carbon dioxide photocatalytic reduction is still lacking. Through analyses of the geometric features and electronic properties with variable-sized Pt NPs, here we show a prominent size effect of Pt NPs in both the activity and selectivity of carbon dioxide photocatalytic reduction. Decreasing the size of Pt NPs promotes the charge transfer efficiency, and thus enhances both the carbon dioxide photocatalytic reduction and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity, but leads to higher selectivity towards hydrogen over methane. Combining experimental results and theoretical calculations, in Pt NPs, the terrace sites are revealed as the active sites for methane generation; meanwhile, the low-coordinated sites are more favorable in the competing HER. Light-driven carbon dioxide conversion into fuels provides a nature-inspired strategy to combat climate change, but how materials do so remains a challenge. Here, the authors prepare metal–semiconductor composites and find platinum-nanoparticle size controls fuel selectivity and activity.
Collapse
|
25
|
Xiao D, Wu Z, Song M, Chun J, Schenter GK, Li D. Silver Nanocube and Nanobar Growth via Anisotropic Monomer Addition and Particle Attachment Processes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:1466-1472. [PMID: 29287142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the growth mechanism of noble metal nanocrystals during solution synthesis is of significant importance for shape and property control. However, much remains unknown about the growth pathways of metal nanoparticles due to the lack of direct observation. Using an in situ transmission electron microscopy technique, we directly observed Ag nanocube and nanobar growth in an aqueous solution through both classical monomer-by-monomer addition and nonclassical particle attachment processes. During the particle attachment process, Ag nanocubes and nanobars were formed via both oriented and nonoriented attachment. Our calculations, along with the dynamics of the observed attachment, showed that the van der Waals force overcomes hydrodynamic and friction forces and drives the particles toward each other at separations of 10-100 nm in our experiments. During classical growth, anisotropic growth was also revealed, and the resulting unsymmetrical shape constituted an intermediate state for Ag nanocube growth. We hypothesized that the temporary symmetry breaking resulted from different growth rates on (001) surfaces due to a local surface concentration variation caused by the imbalance between the consumption of Ag+ near the surface and the diffusion of Ag+ from the bulk to the surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Xiao
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Zhigang Wu
- School of Science, North University of China , Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Miao Song
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jaehun Chun
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Gregory K Schenter
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Dongsheng Li
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
El-Sayed HA, Burger VM, Miller M, Wagenbauer K, Wagenhofer M, Gasteiger HA. Ionic Conductivity Measurements-A Powerful Tool for Monitoring Polyol Reduction Reactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:13615-13624. [PMID: 29083194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The reduction of metal precursors during the polyol synthesis of metal nanoparticles was monitored by ex situ ionic conductivity measurements. Using commonly used platinum precursors (K2PtCl6, H2PtCl6, and K2PtCl4) as well as iridium and ruthenium precursors (IrCl3 and RuCl3), we demonstrate that their reduction in ethylene glycol at elevated temperatures is accompanied by a predictable change in ionic conductivity, enabling a precise quantification of the onset temperature for their reduction. This method also allows detecting the onset temperature for the further reaction of ethylene glycol with HCl produced by the reduction of chloride-containing metal precursors (at ≈120 °C). On the basis of these findings, we show that the conversion of the metal precursor to reduced metal atoms/clusters can be precisely quantified, if the reaction occurs below 120 °C, which also enables a distinction between the stages of metal particle nucleation and growth. The latter is demonstrated by the reduction of H2PtCl6 in ethylene glycol, comparing ionic conductivity measurements with transmission electron microscopy analysis. In summary, ionic conductivity measurements are a simple and straightforward tool to quantify the reduction kinetics of commonly used metal precursors in the polyol synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Klaus Wagenbauer
- Walter Schottky Institut, Technical University of Munich , Am Coulombwall 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mozaffari S, Li W, Thompson C, Ivanov S, Seifert S, Lee B, Kovarik L, Karim AM. Colloidal nanoparticle size control: experimental and kinetic modeling investigation of the ligand-metal binding role in controlling the nucleation and growth kinetics. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:13772-13785. [PMID: 28885633 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04101b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite the major advancements in colloidal metal nanoparticles synthesis, a quantitative mechanistic treatment of the ligand's role in controlling their size remains elusive. We report a methodology that combines in situ small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and kinetic modeling to quantitatively capture the role of ligand-metal binding (with the metal precursor and the nanoparticle surface) in controlling the synthesis kinetics. We demonstrate that accurate extraction of the kinetic rate constants requires using both, the size and number of particles obtained from in situ SAXS to decouple the contributions of particle nucleation and growth to the total metal reduction. Using Pd acetate and trioctylphosphine in different solvents, our results reveal that the binding of ligands with both the metal precursor and nanoparticle surface play a key role in controlling the rates of nucleation and growth and consequently the final size. We show that the solvent can affect the metal-ligand binding and consequently ligand coverage on the nanoparticles surface which has a strong effect on the growth rate and final size (1.4 nm in toluene and 4.3 nm in pyridine). The proposed kinetic model quantitatively predicts the effects of varying the metal concentration and ligand/metal ratio on nanoparticle size for our work and literature reports. More importantly, we demonstrate that the final size is exclusively determined by the nucleation and growth kinetics at early times and not how they change with time. Specifically, the nanoparticle size in this work and many literature reports can be predicted using a single, model independent kinetic descriptor, (growth-to-nucleation rate ratio)1/3, despite the different metals and synthetic conditions. The proposed model and kinetic descriptor could serve as powerful tools for the design of colloidal nanoparticles with specific sizes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Mozaffari
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Finney EE, Finke RG. Catalyst Sintering Kinetics Data: Is There a Minimal Chemical Mechanism Underlying Kinetics Previously Fit by Empirical Power-Law Expressions—and if So, What Are Its Implications? Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric E. Finney
- Department
of Chemistry, Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, Washington 98447, United States
| | - Richard G. Finke
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nayak C, Bhattacharyya D, Bhattacharyya K, Tripathi AK, Bapat RD, Jha SN, Sahoo NK. Insight into growth of Au-Pt bimetallic nanoparticles: an in situ XAS study. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2017; 24:825-835. [PMID: 28664890 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517006257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Au-Pt bimetallic nanoparticles have been synthesized through a one-pot synthesis route from their respective chloride precursors using block copolymer as a stabilizer. Growth of the nanoparticles has been studied by simultaneous in situ measurement of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and UV-Vis spectroscopy at the energy-dispersive EXAFS beamline (BL-08) at Indus-2 SRS at RRCAT, Indore, India. In situ XAS spectra, comprising both X-ray near-edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) parts, have been measured simultaneously at the Au and Pt L3-edges. While the XANES spectra of the precursors provide real-time information on the reduction process, the EXAFS spectra reveal the structure of the clusters formed in the intermediate stages of growth. This insight into the formation process throws light on how the difference in the reduction potential of the two precursors could be used to obtain the core-shell-type configuration of a bimetallic alloy in a one-pot synthesis method. The core-shell-type structure of the nanoparticles has also been confirmed by ex situ energy-dispersive spectroscopy line-scan and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements with in situ ion etching on fully formed nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrani Nayak
- Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - D Bhattacharyya
- Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - K Bhattacharyya
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - A K Tripathi
- Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - R D Bapat
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - S N Jha
- Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - N K Sahoo
- Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ohba T, Kubo H, Ohshima Y, Makita Y, Nakamura N, Uehara H, Takakusagi S, Asakura K. An Origin for Lattice Expansion in PVP-Protected Small Pd Metal Nanoparticles. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20170051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Ohba
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021
| | - Hitoshi Kubo
- Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Co., Ltd., Wadai 22, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-4247
| | - Yusuke Ohshima
- Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Co., Ltd., Wadai 22, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-4247
| | - Yuichi Makita
- Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Co., Ltd., Wadai 22, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-4247
| | - Noriaki Nakamura
- Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Co., Ltd., Wadai 22, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-4247
| | - Hiromitsu Uehara
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021
| | - Satoru Takakusagi
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021
| | - Kiyotaka Asakura
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Grabowska E, Marchelek M, Klimczuk T, Trykowski G, Zaleska-Medynska A. Noble metal modified TiO2 microspheres: Surface properties and photocatalytic activity under UV–vis and visible light. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
32
|
Abstract
X-ray scattering is a structural characterization tool that has impacted diverse fields of study. It is unique in its ability to examine materials in real time and under realistic sample environments, enabling researchers to understand morphology at nanometer and angstrom length scales using complementary small and wide angle X-ray scattering (SAXS, WAXS), respectively. Herein, we focus on the use of SAXS to examine nanoscale particulate systems. We provide a theoretical foundation for X-ray scattering, considering both form factor and structure factor, as well as the use of correlation functions, which may be used to determine a particle's size, size distribution, shape, and organization into hierarchical structures. The theory is expanded upon with contemporary use cases. Both transmission and reflection (grazing incidence) geometries are addressed, as well as the combination of SAXS with other X-ray and non-X-ray characterization tools. We conclude with an examination of several key areas of research where X-ray scattering has played a pivotal role, including in situ nanoparticle synthesis, nanoparticle assembly, and operando studies of catalysts and energy storage materials. Throughout this review we highlight the unique capabilities of X-ray scattering for structural characterization of materials in their native environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Andrew J Senesi
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Marks LD, Peng L. Nanoparticle shape, thermodynamics and kinetics. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:053001. [PMID: 26792459 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/5/053001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles can be beautiful, as in stained glass windows, or they can be ugly as in wear and corrosion debris from implants. We estimate that there will be about 70,000 papers in 2015 with nanoparticles as a keyword, but only one in thirteen uses the nanoparticle shape as an additional keyword and research focus, and only one in two hundred has thermodynamics. Methods for synthesizing nanoparticles have exploded over the last decade, but our understanding of how and why they take their forms has not progressed as fast. This topical review attempts to take a critical snapshot of the current understanding, focusing more on methods to predict than a purely synthetic or descriptive approach. We look at models and themes which are largely independent of the exact synthetic method whether it is deposition, gas-phase condensation, solution based or hydrothermal synthesis. Elements are old dating back to the beginning of the 20th century-some of the pioneering models developed then are still relevant today. Others are newer, a merging of older concepts such as kinetic-Wulff constructions with methods to understand minimum energy shapes for particles with twins. Overall we find that while there are still many unknowns, the broad framework of understanding and predicting the structure of nanoparticles via diverse Wulff constructions, either thermodynamic, local minima or kinetic has been exceedingly successful. However, the field is still developing and there remain many unknowns and new avenues for research, a few of these being suggested towards the end of the review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L D Marks
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wojnicki M, Kwolek P. Reduction of hexachloroplatinate(IV) ions with methanol under UV radiation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
35
|
|
36
|
Chang SY, Gründer Y, Booth SG, Molleta LB, Uehara A, Mosselmans JFW, Cibin G, Pham VT, Nataf L, Dryfe RAW, Schroeder SLM. Detection and characterisation of sub-critical nuclei during reactive Pd metal nucleation by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce01883h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interfacial reduction of aqueous [PdCl4]2− at the interface with an organic solution of ferrocene has been characterised by X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S.-Y. Chang
- School of Chemical Engineering Analytical Science
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Y. Gründer
- School of Chemical Engineering Analytical Science
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- School of Chemistry
- University of Manchester
| | - S. G. Booth
- School of Chemistry
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - L. B. Molleta
- School of Chemical Engineering Analytical Science
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - A. Uehara
- School of Chemistry
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - J. F. W. Mosselmans
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House
- Harwell Science Innovation Campus
- Didcot, UK
| | - G. Cibin
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House
- Harwell Science Innovation Campus
- Didcot, UK
| | - V.-T. Pham
- Synchrotron SOLEIL
- L'Orme des Merisiers
- Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Center for Quantum Electronics
- Institute of Physics
| | - L. Nataf
- Synchrotron SOLEIL
- L'Orme des Merisiers
- Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - R. A. W. Dryfe
- School of Chemistry
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - S. L. M. Schroeder
- School of Chemical Engineering Analytical Science
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- School of Chemistry
- University of Manchester
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nayak C, Bhattacharyya D, Jha SN, Sahoo NK. Growth of block copolymer stabilized metal nanoparticles probed simultaneously by in situ XAS and UV-Vis spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2016; 23:293-303. [PMID: 26698077 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577515022122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The growth of Au and Pt nanoparticles from their respective chloride precursors using block copolymer-based reducers has been studied by simultaneous in situ measurement of XAS and UV-Vis spectroscopy at the energy-dispersive EXAFS beamline (BL-08) at INDUS-2 SRS at RRCAT, Indore, India. While the XANES spectra of the precursor give real-time information on the reduction process, the EXAFS spectra reveal the structure of the clusters formed at the intermediate stages of growth. The growth kinetics of both types of nanoparticles are found to be almost similar and are found to follow three stages, though the first stage of nucleation takes place earlier in the case of Au than in the case of Pt nanoparticles due to the difference in the reduction potential of the respective precursors. The first two stages of the growth of Au and Pt nanoparticles as obtained by in situ XAS measurements could be corroborated by simultaneous in situ measurement of UV-Vis spectroscopy also.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Nayak
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | | | - S N Jha
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - N K Sahoo
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Boita J, Castegnaro MV, Alves MDCM, Morais J. A dispenser-reactor apparatus applied for in situ XAS monitoring of Pt nanoparticle formation. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2015; 22:736-744. [PMID: 25931091 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577515003434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In situ time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements collected at the Pt L3-edge during the synthesis of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) in aqueous solution are reported. A specially designed dispenser-reactor apparatus allowed for monitoring changes in the XAS spectra from the earliest moments of Pt ions in solution until the formation of metallic nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 4.9 ± 1.1 nm. By monitoring the changes in the local chemical environment of the Pt atoms in real time, it was possible to observe that the NPs formation kinetics involved two stages: a reduction-nucleation burst followed by a slow growth and stabilization of NPs. Subsequently, the synthesized Pt NPs were supported on activated carbon and characterized by synchrotron-radiation-excited X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). The supported Pt NPs remained in the metallic chemical state and with a reduced size, presenting slight lattice parameter contraction in comparison with the bulk Pt values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jocenir Boita
- Laboratório de Espectroscopia de Elétrons (LEe-), Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP-91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul - RS 15051, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Castegnaro
- Laboratório de Espectroscopia de Elétrons (LEe-), Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP-91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul - RS 15051, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Martins Alves
- Instituto de Química, Universidde Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gaonçalves 9500, CEP-91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul - RS 15003, Brazil
| | - Jonder Morais
- Laboratório de Espectroscopia de Elétrons (LEe-), Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP-91501-970, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul - RS 15051, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Jeong ES, Park CI, Jin Z, Hwang IH, Son JK, Kim MY, Choi JS, Han SW. Temperature-Dependent Local Structural Properties of Redox Pt Nanoparticles on TiO2 and ZrO2 Supports. Catal Letters 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-015-1483-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
40
|
Yoon H, Xu A, Sterbinsky GE, Arena DA, Wang Z, Stephens PW, Meng YS, Carroll KJ. In situ non-aqueous nucleation and growth of next generation rare-earth-free permanent magnets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:1070-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04451g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In situ time resolved XAS measurements are applied to investigate the phase formation kinetics of metastable cobalt carbide nanoparticles using polyol reduction chemistry. The resulting material exhibits an energy product of greater than 20.7 kJ m−3 at room temperature before compaction, a vastly improved coercivity compared to pure bulk material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyojung Yoon
- Department of NanoEngineering
- University of California San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
- Materials Science and Engineering program
| | - Aoran Xu
- Department of NanoEngineering
- University of California San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
| | | | - Dario A. Arena
- National Synchrotron Light Source
- Brookhaven National Laboratory
- Upton
- USA
| | - Ziying Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering
- University of California San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
| | - Peter W. Stephens
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Stony Brook University
- Stony Brook
- USA
| | - Ying Shirley Meng
- Department of NanoEngineering
- University of California San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
- Materials Science and Engineering program
| | - Kyler J. Carroll
- Department of NanoEngineering
- University of California San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
- Chemical Engineering
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Shi H, Lercher JA, Yu XY. Sailing into uncharted waters: recent advances in the in situ monitoring of catalytic processes in aqueous environments. Catal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy01720j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review presents recent advances inin situstudies of catalytic processes in the aqueous environment with an outlook of mesoscale imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- Fundamental and Computer Sciences Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
- Richland
- USA
| | - Johannes A. Lercher
- Fundamental and Computer Sciences Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
- Richland
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Xiao-Ying Yu
- Fundamental and Computer Sciences Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
- Richland
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ivanov VK, Fedorov PP, Baranchikov AY, Osiko VV. Oriented attachment of particles: 100 years of investigations of non-classical crystal growth. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
43
|
Laxson WW, Finke RG. Nucleation is Second Order: An Apparent Kinetically Effective Nucleus of Two for Ir(0)n Nanoparticle Formation from [(1,5-COD)IrI·P2W15Nb3O62]8– Plus Hydrogen. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:17601-15. [DOI: 10.1021/ja510263s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William W. Laxson
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Richard G. Finke
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Uematsu T, Baba M, Oshima Y, Tsuda T, Torimoto T, Kuwabata S. Atomic resolution imaging of gold nanoparticle generation and growth in ionic liquids. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:13789-97. [PMID: 25210806 DOI: 10.1021/ja506724w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques have provided unprecedented knowledge of chemical reactions from a microscopic viewpoint. To introduce volatile liquids, in which chemical reactions take place, use of sophisticated tailor-made fluid cells is a usual method. Herein, a very simple method is presented, which takes advantage of nonvolatile ionic liquids without any fluid cell. This method is successfully employed to investigate the essential steps in the generation of gold nanoparticles as well as the growth kinetics of individual particles. The ionic liquids that we select do not exhibit any anomalous effects on the reaction process as compared with recent in situ TEM studies using conventional solvents. Thus, obtained TEM movies largely support not only classical theory of nanoparticle generation but also some nonconventional phenomena that have been expected recently by some researchers. More noteworthy is the clear observation of lattice fringes by high-resolution TEM even in the ionic liquid media, providing intriguing information correlating coalescence with crystal states. The relaxation of nanoparticle shape and crystal structure after the coalescence is investigated in detail. The effect of crystal orientation upon coalescence is also analyzed and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taro Uematsu
- Frontier Research Base for Global Young Researchers, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ruan L, Ramezani-Dakhel H, Lee C, Li Y, Duan X, Heinz H, Huang Y. A rational biomimetic approach to structure defect generation in colloidal nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2014; 8:6934-6944. [PMID: 24937767 DOI: 10.1021/nn501704k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the morphology of nanocrystals (NCs) is of paramount importance for both fundamental studies and practical applications. The morphology of NCs is determined by the seed structure and the following facet growth. While means for directing facet formation in NC growth have been extensively studied, rational strategies for the production of NCs bearing structure defects in seeds have been much less explored. Here, we report mechanistic investigations of high density twin formation induced by specific peptides in platinum (Pt) NC growth, on the basis of which we derive principles that can serve as guidelines for the rational design of molecular surfactants to introduce high yield twinning in noble metal NC syntheses. Two synergistic factors are identified in producing twinned Pt NCs with the peptide: (1) the altered reduction kinetics and crystal growth pathway as a result of the complex formation between the histidine residue on the peptide and Pt ions, and (2) the preferential stabilization of {111} planes upon the formation of twinned seeds. We further apply the discovered principles to the design of small organic molecules bearing similar binding motifs as ligands/surfactants to create single and multiple twinned Pd and Rh NCs. Our studies demonstrate the rich information derived from biomimetic synthesis and the broad applicability of biomimetic principles to NC synthesis for diverse property tailoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Ruan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Boita J, Nicolao L, Alves MCM, Morais J. Observing Pt nanoparticle formation at the atomic level during polyol synthesis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:17640-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01925c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
47
|
Niu KY, Liao HG, Zheng H. Visualization of the coalescence of bismuth nanoparticles. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2014; 20:416-24. [PMID: 24636580 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927614000282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Coalescence is a significant pathway for the growth of nanostructures. Here we studied the coalescence of Bi nanoparticles in situ by liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The growth of Bi nanoparticles was initiated from a bismuth neodecanoate precursor solution by electron beam irradiation inside a liquid cell under the TEM. A significant number of coalescence events occurred from the as-grown Bi nanodots. Both symmetric coalescence of two equal-sized nanoparticles and asymmetric coalescence of two or more unequal-sized nanoparticles were analyzed along their growth trajectories. Our observation suggests that two mass transport mechanisms, i.e., surface diffusion and grain boundary diffusion, are responsible for the shape evolution of nanoparticles after a coalescence event.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yang Niu
- 1 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Sciences Division, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hong-Gang Liao
- 1 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Sciences Division, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Haimei Zheng
- 1 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Sciences Division, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kashin AS, Ananikov VP. Catalytic C-C and C-heteroatom bond formation reactions: in situ generated or preformed catalysts? Complicated mechanistic picture behind well-known experimental procedures. J Org Chem 2013; 78:11117-25. [PMID: 24180285 DOI: 10.1021/jo402038p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In situ generated catalysts and preformed catalysts are two practical strategies widely used in cross-coupling methodology that have long been considered to involve the same active species in the catalytic cycle. Recent mechanistic studies have revealed two fundamentally different pictures of catalytic reactions in solution. Preformed catalysts with strongly bound ligands initiate transformations mainly involving single type of metal species. In contrast, in situ generated catalysts give rise to cocktail-type systems with different metal species presented in solution. The role of catalyst precursor, interconversions of catalytic species during reaction, stability and recycling of catalyst, catalysis by autocatalyst exhaust and plausible sources of metal-containing contaminants are the key points discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey S Kashin
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sun Y. Controlled synthesis of colloidal silver nanoparticles in organic solutions: empirical rules for nucleation engineering. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:2497-511. [PMID: 23072940 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35289c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Controlled synthesis of colloidal nanoparticles in organic solutions is among the most intensely studied topics in nanoscience because of the intrinsic advantages in terms of high yield and high uniformity in comparison with aqueous synthesis. However, systematic studies on the formation mechanism of nanoparticles with precisely tailored physical parameters are barely reported. In this tutorial review, we take the synthesis of different Ag nanoparticles as an example to rule out the general principles for controlling the nucleation process involved in the formation of colloidal Ag nanoparticles in organic solutions, which enables the synthesis of high-quality nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yugang Sun
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lee Y, Hsu I. Theoretical Analysis of Fe K‐edge XANES on Mononitrosyl Iron Complex [(NO)Fe(S
2
C
6
H
4
)
2
][PPN]. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201300168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Wen Lee
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - I‐Jui Hsu
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|