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Sezer S, Bukusoglu E. Nanoparticle-Assisted Liquid Crystal Droplet Sensors Enable Analysis of Low-Concentration Species in Aqueous Medium. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 38296829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
We introduce nanoparticle-assisted liquid crystal (LC) droplet-based sensors that allow determination of low-level concentrations of aqueous soluble species. The silica nanoparticles functionalized with mixed monolayers composed of two distinct groups, hydrophobic alkane tail- and charged group-terminated silanes, facilitated ternary physical interactions between the model analytes (methylene blue (MB) or methyl orange (MO)) and the nematic mesogens 5CB (4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl), and the interfacial species of the nanoparticle. The response of the LC droplets was measured upon nanoparticle adsorption as a function of analyte concentration, which was characterized by the optical determination of the configuration distributions of the LC droplets. We highlight the importance of the charging and the composition of the nanoparticle interfaces for analytical purposes that allow accurate determination of the concentration of the analytes on the order of 0.01 ppb. Such a low concentration corresponds to a low interfacial coverage of nanoparticles, indicating the promisingly high sensitivity of the sensor platform to target analytes. Distinct from the past examples of the LC-based sensors, the nanoparticle-assisted LC sensors allow detection of the species that do not directly cause an ordering transition at the LC-water interfaces, which allow a broader range of analytical targets. The sensor platform that we report herein can be easily tunable for a range of target molecules and will find use in the determination of a wide range of micropollutants in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selda Sezer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Dumlupinar Bulvari No. 1, Cankaya, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Akcadag Vocational School, Laboratory and Veterinary Health Program, Malatya Turgut Ozal University, Dogu Mahallesi No: 42/1, Akcadag, Malatya 44600, Turkey
| | - Emre Bukusoglu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Dumlupinar Bulvari No. 1, Cankaya, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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2
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Kalita P, Singh RK, Bhattacharjee A. Interactions of a biological macromolecule with thermotropic liquid crystals: Applications of liquid crystals in biosensing platform. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 278:121347. [PMID: 35550995 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystal biosensor was developed based on a 4'-octyl-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (8CB) by adsorption of biological macromolecule bovine serum albumin (BSA) at the 8CB interface. BSA was detected by examining the changes in the director configurations of 8CB molecules under a polarizing optical microscope. The transitions in the director configuration were due to the non-covalent bonds. This technique demonstrated high sensitivity at a concentration of 100 µM of BSA. The binding events between the 8CB and BSA were investigated through molecular docking studies that confirmed the protein-ligand interaction. The most probable binding location of 8CB to dock with BSA were determined at a subdomain IB of Sudlow's site I. The active residues on analyzing were found to stabilize the 8CB molecules through different interactions. These active residues that were involved in the protein-ligand interaction were further confirmed with Raman spectroscopy. This study provided the vibrational properties and structural changes that occurred due to the various interactions between the 8CB and BSA. The results presented in this work lead to a potential biosensing tool for detecting and sensing proteins using LCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanki Kalita
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Meghalaya, Bijni Complex, Shillong 793003, India
| | - Ranjan K Singh
- Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Ayon Bhattacharjee
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Meghalaya, Bijni Complex, Shillong 793003, India.
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3
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Gupta T, Mondal AK, Pani I, Chattopadhyay K, Pal SK. Elucidating liquid crystal-aqueous interface for the study of cholesterol-mediated action of a β-barrel pore forming toxin. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:5293-5301. [PMID: 35790122 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00447j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) produced by pathogenic bacteria serve as prominent virulence factors with potent cell-killing activity. Most of the β-barrel PFTs form transmembrane oligomeric pores in the membrane lipid bilayer in the presence of cholesterol. The pore-formation mechanisms of the PFTs highlight well-orchestrated regulated events in the membrane environment, which involve dramatic changes in the protein structure and organization. Also, concerted crosstalk between protein and membrane lipid components appears to play crucial roles in the process. Membrane-damaging lesions formed by the pore assembly of the PFTs would also be expected to impose drastic alterations in the membrane organization, details of which remain obscure in most of the cases. Prior reports have established that aqueous interfaces of liquid crystals (LCs) offer promise as responsive interfaces for biomolecular events (at physiologically relevant concentrations), which can be visualized as optical signals. Inspired by this, herein, we sought to understand the lipid membrane interactions of a β-barrel PFT i.e., Vibrio cholerae cytolysin (VCC), using LC-aqueous interfaces. Our results show the formation of dendritic patterns upon the addition of VCC to the lipid embedded with cholesterol over the LC film. In contrast, we did not observe any LC reorientation upon the addition of VCC to the lipid-laden LC-aqueous interface in the absence of cholesterol. An array of techniques such as polarizing optical microscopy (POM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and fluorescence measurements were utilized to decipher the LC response to the lipid interactions of VCC occurring at these interfaces. Altogether, the results obtained from our study provide a novel platform to explore the mechanistic aspects of the protein-membrane interactions, in the process of membrane pore-formation by the membrane-damaging PFTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarang Gupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306, India.
| | - Anish Kumar Mondal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306, India.
| | - Ipsita Pani
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306, India.
| | - Kausik Chattopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306, India.
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306, India.
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4
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Tsuei M, Sun H, Kim YK, Wang X, Gianneschi NC, Abbott NL. Interfacial Polyelectrolyte-Surfactant Complexes Regulate Escape of Microdroplets Elastically Trapped in Thermotropic Liquid Crystals. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:332-342. [PMID: 34967209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polyelectrolytes adsorbed at soft interfaces are used in contexts such as materials synthesis, stabilization of emulsions, and control of rheology. Here, we explore how polyelectrolyte adsorption to aqueous interfaces of thermotropic liquid crystals (LCs) influences surfactant-stabilized aqueous microdroplets that are elastically trapped within the LCs. We find that adsorption of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) to the interface of a nematic phase of 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl (5CB) triggers the ejection of microdroplets decorated with sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), consistent with an attractive electrical double layer interaction between the microdroplets and LC interface. The concentration of PDDA that triggers release of the microdroplets (millimolar), however, is three orders of magnitude higher than that which saturates the LC interfacial charge (micromolar). Observation of a transient reorientation of the LC during escape of microdroplets leads us to conclude that complexes of PDDA and SDS form at the LC interface and thereby regulate interfacial charge and microdroplet escape. Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) also triggers escape of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB)-decorated aqueous microdroplets from 5CB with dynamics consistent with the formation of interfacial polyelectrolyte-surfactant complexes. In contrast to PDDA-SDS, however, we do not observe a transient reorientation of the LC when using PSS-DTAB, reflecting weak association of DTAB and PSS and slow kinetics of formation of PSS-DTAB complexes. Our results reveal the central role of polyelectrolyte-surfactant dynamics in regulating the escape of the microdroplets and, more broadly, that LCs offer the basis of a novel probe of the structure and properties of polyelectrolyte-surfactant complexes at interfaces. We demonstrate the utility of these new insights by triggering the ejection of microdroplets from LCs using peptide-polymer amphiphiles that switch their net charge upon being processed by enzymes. Overall, our results provide fresh insight into the formation of polyelectrolyte-surfactant complexes at aqueous-LC interfaces and new principles for the design of responsive soft matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tsuei
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Young-Ki Kim
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyengbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Xin Wang
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nicholas L Abbott
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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5
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Naveenkumar PM, Singh RK, Mann S, Seth JR, Sharma KP. Polymer-Surfactant Driven Interactions and the Resultant Microstructure in Protein-Containing Liquid Crystal Droplets. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:11949-11960. [PMID: 34612656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Integration of molecular liquid crystals (LCs) with functional proteins can provide new class of materials for potential applications in optical biosensing. However, hydrophobic nematic LCs (length ∼ 1-2 nm) and hydrophilic proteins, size ∼ O (nm), do not intermix without chemical modification of at least one of them. Bioconjugation of proteins with a polyethylene glycol-based polymeric surfactant (PS) can provide a core-shell system that is sequestered within nonaqueous LC (4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl) microdroplets. However, the nature of interactions between the components and detailed understanding of the resultant hybrid microstructure remains unclear. Here, using a combination of isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), fluorescence microscopy, and infrared-imaging spectroscopy, we show that strong hydrophobic interactions between the LC and PS drives the sequestration of a myoglobin-PS (Mb-PS; dispersed in the aqueous phase) into the LC spherical microdroplets or even into a bulk LC phase. The average values of both, the binding constant and the standard molar enthalpy change, are increased by approximately a factor of 2.5 times when the unmodified Mb is conjugated to the PS. Small-angle X-ray scattering studies reveal that LC molecules act as a solvent for the Mb-PS conjugate; furthermore, the LC long-range order is disturbed due to mixing, as exemplified by the change in its coherence length from 8.9 to 5.7 nm. Detailed all-atomistic molecular dynamic simulations for a three-component PS-water-LC system show a change in interaction energy of -144 kJ mol-1 PS-1 upon the contact of PS chains (initially dispersed in water) with LC and agree with the ITC experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raju Kumar Singh
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Stephen Mann
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Jyoti R Seth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Kamendra P Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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6
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Aptamer Laden Liquid Crystals Biosensing Platform for the Detection of HIV-1 Glycoprotein-120. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 26:molecules26102893. [PMID: 34068186 PMCID: PMC8152991 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report a label-free and simple approach for the detection of glycoprotein-120 (gp-120) using an aptamer-based liquid crystals (LCs) biosensing platform. The LCs are supported on the surface of a modified glass slide with a suitable amount of B40t77 aptamer, allowing the LCs to be homeotropically aligned. A pronounced topological change was observed on the surface due to a specific interaction between B40t77 and gp-120, which led to the disruption of the homeotropic alignment of LCs. This results in a dark-to-bright transition observed under a polarized optical microscope. With the developed biosensing platform, it was possible to not only identify gp-120, but obtained results were analyzed quantitatively through image analysis. The detection limit of the proposed biosensing platform was investigated to be 0.2 µg/mL of gp-120. Regarding selectivity of the developed platform, no response could be detected when gp-120 was replaced by other proteins, such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), hepatitis A virus capsid protein 1 (Hep A VP1) and immunoglobulin G protein (IgG). Due to attributes such as label-free, high specificity and no need for instrumental read-out, the presented biosensing platform provides the potential to develop a working device for the quick detection of HIV-1 gp-120.
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7
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Watanabe G, Eimura H, Abbott NL, Kato T. Biomolecular Binding at Aqueous Interfaces of Langmuir Monolayers of Bioconjugated Amphiphilic Mesogenic Molecules: A Molecular Dynamics Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:12281-12287. [PMID: 32970447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We report a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study of protein binding at the aqueous-liquid crystal (LC) interfaces of bioconjugated mesogenic molecules. As a simple model of these interfaces, we use monolayers composed of biotin-conjugated or biotin-free amphiphilic mesogenic molecules and streptavidin in water. The all-atom MD simulations reveal that the binding of streptavidin to the biotin mesogenic monolayer is significantly stronger than that to biotin-free mesogenic monolayers. Although specific protein binding marginally increases the overall orientational order and the tilt of the biotin-conjugated mesogenic molecules of the monolayer, significant changes in tilt were observed near the bound protein (in contrast to the protein interaction with the monolayer without biotin). We also observe that specific protein binding changes the dynamic properties of the mesogens within the monolayer (e.g., lateral diffusion coefficients) and associated water. Overall, these MD simulations advance our understanding of the molecular-level phenomena involved in the binding of biomolecules and subsequent dynamic changes at the aqueous-LC interfaces. These results provide guidance to future molecular-level designs of biofunctional LC interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Watanabe
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan
| | - Hiroki Eimura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Nicholas L Abbott
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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8
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Tsuei M, Shivrayan M, Kim YK, Thayumanavan S, Abbott NL. Optical “Blinking” Triggered by Collisions of Single Supramolecular Assemblies of Amphiphilic Molecules with Interfaces of Liquid Crystals. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6139-6148. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tsuei
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Manisha Shivrayan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Young-Ki Kim
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - S. Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Nicholas L. Abbott
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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9
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Yang X, Tian Y, Li F, Yu Q, Tan SF, Chen Y, Yang Z. Investigation of the Assembly Behavior of an Amphiphilic Lipopeptide at the Liquid Crystal-Aqueous Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:2490-2497. [PMID: 30696245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we designed an amphiphilic lipopeptide molecule, 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein-KKKKKKSKTK-Cys(C12H25)-OMe (FAM-lipopeptide-C12), and studied its assembly behavior at the 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl (5CB)-aqueous interface. The ordering transitions of liquid crystals (LCs) revealed that FAM-lipopeptide-C12 can assemble at the LC-aqueous interface (both planar and curved interfaces). The assembly can be destroyed by adding trypsin, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of lipopeptides. Fluorescence measurements further confirmed the assembly and deassembly behavior of FAM-lipopeptide-C12 at the LC-aqueous interface. Overall, our work provides a general method for the construction of a biointerface by directly assembling amphiphilic lipopeptides at the LC-aqueous interface, which can potentially be used in selectively detecting the activity of specific enzymes and other biomolecular interactions.
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10
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Ma H, Kang Q, Wang T, Xiao J, Yu L. Liquid crystals-based sensor for the detection of lithocholic acid coupled with competitive host-guest inclusion. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 173:178-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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11
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Das D, Pal SK. Liquid Crystal Unveiled Interactions between Melittin and Phospholipids at Aqueous-Liquid Crystal Interface. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISERM), Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City; Manauli- 140306 India
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISERM), Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City; Manauli- 140306 India
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12
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Shen J, He F, Chen L, Ding L, Liu H, Wang Y, Xiong X. Liquid crystal-based detection of DNA hybridization using surface immobilized single-stranded DNA. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Sidiq S, Prasad GVRK, Mukhopadhaya A, Pal SK. Poly(l-lysine)-Coated Liquid Crystal Droplets for Cell-Based Sensing Applications. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:4247-4256. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumyra Sidiq
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and §Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISERM), Knowledge
City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306, India
| | - G. V. R. Krishna Prasad
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and §Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISERM), Knowledge
City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306, India
| | - Arunika Mukhopadhaya
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and §Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISERM), Knowledge
City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306, India
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department
of Chemical Sciences and §Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISERM), Knowledge
City, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306, India
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14
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Popov P, Mann EK, Jákli A. Thermotropic liquid crystal films for biosensors and beyond. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:5061-5078. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00809k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent results on structural properties and possible bio-sensing applications of planar liquid crystal films are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Popov
- Department of Physics
- Kent State University
- Kent
- USA
- Liquid Crystal Institute
| | | | - Antal Jákli
- Liquid Crystal Institute
- Kent State University
- Kent
- USA
- Complex Fluid Group
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15
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The Assembly of DNA Amphiphiles at Liquid Crystal-Aqueous Interface. NANOMATERIALS 2016; 6:nano6120229. [PMID: 28335357 PMCID: PMC5302708 DOI: 10.3390/nano6120229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we synthesized a type of DNA amphiphiles (called DNA-lipids) and systematically studied its assembly behavior at the liquid crystal (LC)—aqueous interface. It turned out that the pure DNA-lipids at various concentrations cannot trigger the optical transition of liquid crystals from planar anchoring to homeotropic anchoring at the liquid crystal—aqueous interface. The co-assembly of DNA-lipid and l-dilauroyl phosphatidylcholine (l-DLPC) indicated that the DLPC assembled all over the LC-aqueous interface, and DNA-lipids prefer to couple with LC in certain areas, particularly in polarized and fluorescent image, forming micron sized net-like structures. The addition of DNA complementary to DNA-lipids forming double stranded DNA-lipids caused de-assembly of DNA-lipids from LC-aqueous interface, resulting in the disappearance of net-like structures, which can be visualized through polarized microscope. The optical changes combined with DNA unique designable property and specific interaction with wide range of target molecules, the DNA-lipids decorated LC-aqueous interface would provide a new platform for biological sensing and diagnosis.
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16
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Liao ZJ, Du SN, Luo Y, Zuo F, Luo JB. Use of liquid crystal to study the interactions of alkyl polyglycosides with gelatin and bovine serum albumin. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Hussain Z, Qazi F, Ahmed MI, Usman A, Riaz A, Abbasi AD. Liquid crystals based sensing platform-technological aspects. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 85:110-127. [PMID: 27162142 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In bulk phase, liquid crystalline molecules are organized due to non-covalent interactions and due to delicate nature of the present forces; this organization can easily be disrupted by any small external stimuli. This delicate nature of force balance in liquid crystals organization forms the basis of Liquid-crystals based sensing scheme which has been exploited by many researchers for the optical visualization and sensing of many biological interactions as well as detection of number of analytes. In this review, we present not only an overview of the state of the art in liquid crystals based sensing scheme but also highlight its limitations. The approaches described below revolve around possibilities and limitations of key components of such sensing platform including bottom substrates, alignments layers, nature and type of liquid crystals, sensing compartments, various interfaces etc. This review also highlights potential materials to not only improve performance of the sensing scheme but also to bridge the gap between science and technology of liquid crystals based sensing scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakir Hussain
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Farah Qazi
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Ahmed
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Adil Usman
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asim Riaz
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amna Didar Abbasi
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
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18
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Ding W, Gupta KC, Park SY, Kim YK, Kang IK. In vitro detection of human breast cancer cells (SK-BR3) using herceptin-conjugated liquid crystal microdroplets as a sensing platform. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:1473-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00404k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polarized light micrographs showing bipolar orientation of 5CB molecules in herceptin-conjugated LC microdroplets on selective interactions with SK-BR3 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Ding
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 702-701
- South Korea
| | - Kailash Chandra Gupta
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 702-701
- South Korea
- Polymer Research Laboratory
| | - Soo-Young Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 702-701
- South Korea
| | - Young-Kyoo Kim
- Organic Electronic Laboratory
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 702-701
- South Korea
| | - Inn-Kyu Kang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 702-701
- South Korea
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19
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Chakraborty S, Noonan PS, Monserud J, Schwartz DK. Structure-Specific Liquid Crystal Anchoring Induced by the Molecular Combing of Short Oligonucleotides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:26874-26879. [PMID: 26562585 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Surface-immobilized oligonucleotides were "combed" by meniscus motion and exposed to a nematic liquid crystal (LC). Although the oligonucleotides were as short as 16 bases, they were apparently oriented by this process and, in turn, successfully biased the orientation of the adjacent LC material. Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) induced LC orientation in the combing direction, while hybridized double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) rotated the azimuthal LC orientation by ∼30° from the combing direction. The sensitivity of the chiral response to mixed ssDNA/dsDNA surfaces was characterized by employing complementary DNA that was longer than the immobilized DNA, resulting in single-stranded overhangs of various lengths. A rotated LC orientation was observed even when more than 70% of the DNA was single-stranded, and the transition from the rotated to nonrotated response was apparently discontinuous as a function of ssDNA surface coverage. These phenomena represent a sensitive DNA hybridization detection strategy that can potentially comprise a multiplexed assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saonti Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Patrick S Noonan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jon Monserud
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Daniel K Schwartz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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20
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Valotteau C, Calers C, Casale S, Berton J, Stevens CV, Babonneau F, Pradier CM, Humblot V, Baccile N. Biocidal Properties of a Glycosylated Surface: Sophorolipids on Au(111). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:18086-18095. [PMID: 26247605 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Classical antibacterial surfaces usually involve antiadhesive and/or biocidal strategies. Glycosylated surfaces are usually used to prevent biofilm formation via antiadhesive mechanisms. We report here the first example of a glycosylated surface with biocidal properties created by the covalent grafting of sophorolipids (a sophorose unit linked by a glycosidic bond to an oleic acid) through a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of short aminothiols on gold (111) surfaces. The biocidal effect of such surfaces on Gram+ bacteria was assessed by a wide combination of techniques including microscopy observations, fluorescent staining, and bacterial growth tests. About 50% of the bacteria are killed via alteration of the cell envelope. In addition, the roles of the sophorose unit and aliphatic chain configuration are highlighted by the lack of activity of substrates modified, respectively, with sophorose-free oleic acid and sophorolipid-derivative having a saturated aliphatic chain. This system demonstrates thus the direct implication of a carbohydrate in the destabilization and disruption of the bacterial cell envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Valotteau
- †Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, UMR 7574, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
- ‡Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, UMR 7197, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Calers
- ‡Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, UMR 7197, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandra Casale
- ‡Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, UMR 7197, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jan Berton
- §SynBioC Research Group, Departement of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Christian V Stevens
- §SynBioC Research Group, Departement of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Florence Babonneau
- †Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, UMR 7574, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Claire-Marie Pradier
- ‡Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, UMR 7197, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Humblot
- ‡Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, UMR 7197, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Niki Baccile
- †Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, UMR 7574, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
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21
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Mohiuddin G, Punjani V, Pal SK. Three-Ring-Based Room-Temperature Bent-Core Nematic Compounds: Synthesis and Characterization. Chemphyschem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Tan LN, Abbott NL. Dynamic anchoring transitions at aqueous–liquid crystal interfaces induced by specific and non-specific binding of vesicles to proteins. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 449:452-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Sidiq S, Verma I, Pal SK. pH-Driven Ordering Transitions in Liquid Crystal Induced by Conformational Changes of Cardiolipin. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:4741-4751. [PMID: 25856793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report an investigation of interfacial phenomena occurring at aqueous-liquid crystal (LC) interfaces that triggers an orientational ordering transition of the LC in the presence of cardiolipin (CL) by varying pH, salt concentration and valence. In particular, the effects of three different conformational isomeric forms of the CL are observed to cause the response of the LC ordering to vary significantly from one to another at those interfaces. An ordering transition of the LC was observed when the CL is mostly in undissociated (at pH 2) and/or in bicyclic (at pH 4) conformation in which LC shows changes in the optical appearance from bright to dark. By contrast, no change in the optical appearance of the LC was observed when the pH of the system increases to 8 or higher in which the CL mostly exists in the open conformation. Fluorescence microscopy measurements further suggest that pH-dependent conformational forms of the CL have different ability to self-assemble (thus different packing efficiency) at aqueous-LC interfaces leading to dissimilar orientational behavior of the LC. Specifically, we found that change in headgroup-headgroup repulsion of the central phosphatidyl groups of the CL plays a key role in tuning the lipid packing efficiency and thus responses to interfacial phenomena. Orientational ordering transition of the LC was also observed as a function of increasing the ionic strength (buffer capacity) and strongly influenced in the presence of mono and divalent cations. Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) and polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) measurements provide further insight in modulation of the lipid packing efficiency and alkyl chain conformation of the CL at different pH and ionic conditions. Overall, the results presented in this paper establish that LCs offer a promising approach to differentiate different conformations (label free detection) of the CL through ordering transition of the LC at aqueous-LC interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumyra Sidiq
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India
| | - Indu Verma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India
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24
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Das D, Sidiq S, Pal SK. A Simple Quantitative Method to Study Protein-Lipopolysaccharide Interactions by Using Liquid Crystals. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:753-60. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Das D, Sidiq S, Pal SK. Design of bio-molecular interfaces using liquid crystals demonstrating endotoxin interactions with bacterial cell wall components. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09640e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid crystals offer a promising approach to study and quantify the interactions between different bacterial cell membrane components with endotoxin at an aqueous interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- India
| | - Sumyra Sidiq
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- India
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- India
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26
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Noonan PS, Mohan P, Goodwin AP, Schwartz DK. DNA Hybridization-Mediated Liposome Fusion at the Aqueous Liquid Crystal Interface. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2014; 24:3206-3212. [PMID: 25506314 PMCID: PMC4262931 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201303885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The prominence of receptor-mediated bilayer fusion in cellular biology motivates development of biomimetic strategies for studying fusogenic mechanisms. An approach is reported here for monitoring receptor-mediated fusion that exploits the unique physical and optical properties of liquid crystals (LC). PEG-functionalized lipids are used to create an interfacial environment capable of inhibiting spontaneous liposome fusion with an aqueous/LC interface. Then, DNA hybridization between oligonucleotides within bulk phase liposomes and a PEG-lipid monolayer at an aqueous/LC interface is exploited to induce receptor-mediated liposome fusion. These hybridization events induce strain within the liposome bilayer, promote lipid mixing with the LC interface, and consequently create an interfacial environment favoring re-orientation of the LC to a homeotropic (perpendicular) state. Furthermore, the bi-functionality of aptamers is exploited to modulate DNA hybridization-mediated liposome fusion by regulating the availability of the appropriate ligand (i.e., thrombin). Here, a LC-based approach for monitoring receptor (i.e., DNA hybridization)-mediated liposome fusion is demonstrated, liposome properties that dictate fusion dynamics are explored, and an example of how this approach may be used in a biosensing scheme is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S. Noonan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado Boulder Boulder, CO 80309–0424
| | - Praveena Mohan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado Boulder Boulder, CO 80309–0424
| | - Andrew P. Goodwin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado Boulder Boulder, CO 80309–0424
| | - Daniel K. Schwartz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Colorado Boulder Boulder, CO 80309–0424
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27
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Orientational behaviors of liquid crystals coupled to chitosan-disrupted phospholipid membranes at the aqueous-liquid crystal interface. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 108:142-6. [PMID: 23537831 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the orientational behavior of liquid crystals (LCs) which is associated with the chitosan-disrupted phospholipid membrane at the aqueous/LC interface. The optical response of LCs changed from dark to bright after the transfer of an aqueous solution of chitosan onto the LC interface decorated with self-assembled monolayers of a negatively charged phospholipid, dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-(1-glycerol) sodium salt (DOPG). The chitosan-lipid interactions induced a rearrangement of the membrane, and thus, resulted in an orientational transition of LCs from a homeotropic to a planar state, thereby triggering a dark-to-bright shift in the optical response. We observed that LCs exhibited a bright-to-dark shift after an aqueous solution of lysozyme was transferred onto the chitosan-disrupted membrane, which implied that an enzymatic reaction between lysozyme and chitosan took place. We found that the addition of bovine serum album (BSA) induced a bright-to-dark change in the optical response; while LCs remained to appear bright after the transfer of chymotrypsin onto the aqueous/LC interface. We then further examined the interactions between other polyelectrolytes and phospholipid membranes.
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28
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Carlton RJ, Hunter JT, Miller DS, Abbasi R, Mushenheim PC, Tan LN, Abbott NL. Chemical and biological sensing using liquid crystals. LIQUID CRYSTALS REVIEWS 2013; 1:29-51. [PMID: 24795857 PMCID: PMC4005293 DOI: 10.1080/21680396.2013.769310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The liquid crystalline state of matter arises from orientation-dependent, non-covalent interaction between molecules within condensed phases. Because the balance of intermolecular forces that underlies formation of liquid crystals is delicate, this state of matter can, in general, be easily perturbed by external stimuli (such as an electric field in a display). In this review, we present an overview of recent efforts that have focused on exploiting the responsiveness of liquid crystals as the basis of chemical and biological sensors. In this application of liquid crystals, the challenge is to design liquid crystalline systems that undergo changes in organization when perturbed by targeted chemical and biological species of interest. The approaches described below revolve around the design of interfaces that selectively bind targeted species, thus leading to surface-driven changes in the organization of the liquid crystals. Because liquid crystals possess anisotropic optical and dielectric properties, a range of different methods can be used to read out the changes in organization of liquid crystals that are caused by targeted chemical and biological species. This review focuses on principles for liquid crystal-based sensors that provide an optical output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Carlton
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Jacob T Hunter
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Daniel S Miller
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Reza Abbasi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Peter C Mushenheim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Lie Na Tan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Nicholas L Abbott
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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