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2
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Shohbuke E, Kobayashi Y, Okubayashi S. Effects of acrylate monomers containing alkyl groups on water and oil repellent treatments of polyester fabrics. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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3
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St Hill LR, Craft JW, Chinwangso P, Tran HV, Marquez MD, Lee TR. Antifouling Coatings Generated from Unsymmetrical Partially Fluorinated Spiroalkanedithiols. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:1563-1572. [PMID: 35006665 PMCID: PMC8812961 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
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Biofouling
negatively impacts modern society on a daily basis,
especially with regard to the important industries of medicine, oil,
and shipping. This manuscript describes the preparation and study
of model antifouling coatings generated from the adsorption of unsymmetrical
partially fluorinated spiroalkanedithiols on gold. The antifouling
properties of the self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) derived from the
spiroalkanedithiols were compared to SAMs derived from analogous monodentate
partially fluorinated and nonfluorinated alkanethiols. The antifouling
properties were evaluated using in situ surface plasmon
resonance spectroscopy (SPR), ex situ electrochemical
quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements, and ex situ ellipsometric thickness measurements. The resistance to nonspecific
protein adsorption of the SAMs was evaluated with proteins having
a wide range of properties and applications including protamine, lysozyme,
bovine serum albumin, and fibrinogen. The results from the SPR and
the QCM measurements demonstrated that in most cases, the SAM coatings
derived from the partially fluorinated spiroalkanedithiols having
mixed hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon tail groups exhibited better antifouling
performance when compared to the SAMs derived from their single-component
monodentate counterparts. The studies also revealed that while the
SPR and the QCM measurements in most cases were able to distinguish
the adsorption trends for the SAMs and proteins examined, the ellipsometric
thickness measurements were markedly less discriminating. On the whole,
these studies validate the use of unsymmetrical partially fluorinated
spiroalkanedithiols for generating effective antifouling coatings
on metal substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia R St Hill
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - John W Craft
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-5001, United States
| | - Pawilai Chinwangso
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Hung-Vu Tran
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Maria D Marquez
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - T Randall Lee
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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4
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Liu T, Kong F, Mao W, Kong Q, Kong F, Qian H. Heat‐resistant superamphiphobic robust surface by self‐assembled monolayer surface reaction. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taolin Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 P. R. China
| | - Fanxin Kong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 P. R. China
| | - Wentao Mao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Qinggang Kong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 P. R. China
| | - Fanzhen Kong
- Nanjing No.1 Middle School Nanjing 210001 P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Qian
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
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5
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Hafeez S, Nebhani L. TEMPO driven thiol–ene reaction for the preparation of polymer functionalized silicon wafers. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00561h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
TEMPO driven thiol–ene reaction was utilized to prepare silicon (Si) wafers modified with a variety of polymer brushes, such as poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide), polystyrene, poly(isobornyl acrylate), poly(acrylic acid), and functionalized cysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumbul Hafeez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- Hauz Khas
- India
| | - Leena Nebhani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- Hauz Khas
- India
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6
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Johnson BI, Avval TG, Wheeler J, Anderson HC, Diwan A, Stowers KJ, Ess DH, Linford MR. Semiempirical Peak Fitting Guided by ab Initio Calculations of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Narrow Scans of Chemisorbed, Fluorinated Silanes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:1878-1886. [PMID: 32013448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Here, we address the issue of finding correct CF2/CF3 area ratios from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) C 1s narrow scans of materials containing -CH2CH2(CF2)nCF3 (n = 0, 1, 2, ...) moieties. For this work, we modified silicon wafers with four different fluorosilanes. The smallest had a trifluoropropyl (n = 0) moiety, followed by nonafluorohexyl (n = 3), tridecafluoro (n = 5), and finally, heptadecafluoro (n = 7) moieties. Monolayer deposition of the fluorosilanes was confirmed by spectroscopic ellipsometry, wetting, and XPS. Analysis of the trifluoropropyl (n = 0) surface and a sample of polytetrafluoroethylene provided pure-component XPS spectra for -CF3 and -(CF2)n- moieties, respectively. Initial XPS C 1s peak fitting, which follows the literature precedent, was not entirely adequate. To address this issue, six different fitting approaches with increasing complexity and/or input from the Hartree-Fock theory (HF) were considered. Ultimately, we show that by combining HF results with empirical analyses, we obtain more accurate CF2/CF3 area ratios while maintaining high-quality fits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian I Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Tahereh G Avval
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Joshua Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Hans C Anderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | | | - Kara J Stowers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Daniel H Ess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Matthew R Linford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
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7
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8
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Shou K, Hong JK, Wood ES, Hook JM, Nelson A, Yin Y, Andersson GG, Abate A, Steiner U, Neto C. Ultralow surface energy self-assembled monolayers of iodo-perfluorinated alkanes on silica driven by halogen bonding. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:2401-2411. [PMID: 30667012 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08195f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Compact self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of perfluorododecyl iodide (I-PFC12) of reproducible thickness (1.2 nm) are shown to form on silicon wafers. The SAMs have a high fluorine content (95%) and convey an extremely low surface energy to the silicon wafers (4.3 mN m-1), lower than previously reported in the literature for perfluorinated monolayers, and stable for over eight weeks. Shorter chain iodo-perfluorinated (I-PFC8) or bromo-perfluorinated molecules (Br-PFC10) led to less dense layers. The monolayers are stable to heating up to 60 °C, with some loss up to 150 °C. The I-PFC12 monolayer increases the work function of silicon wafers from 3.6 V to 4.4 eV, a factor that could be gainfully used in photovoltaic applications. The I-PFC12 monolayers can be transferred into patterns onto silica substrates by micro-contact printing. The NMR data and the reproducible thickness point to an upright halogen bonding interaction between the iodine in I-PFC12 and the surface oxygen on the native silica layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyun Shou
- School of Chemistry and University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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9
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Slagman S, Pujari SP, Franssen MCR, Zuilhof H. One-Step Generation of Reactive Superhydrophobic Surfaces via SiHCl 3-Based Silicone Nanofilaments. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:13505-13513. [PMID: 30395470 PMCID: PMC6328287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic surfaces gain ever-growing attention because of their applicability in many (consumer) products/materials as they often display, among others, antifouling, anti-icing, and/or self-cleaning properties. A simple way to achieve superhydrophobicity is through the growth of silicone nanofilaments. These nanofilaments, however, are very often nonreactive and thus difficult to utilize in subsequent chemistries. In response, we have developed a single-step procedure to grow (SiHCl3-based) silicone nanofilaments with selective reactivity that are intrinsically superhydrophobic. The silicone nanofilaments could be further functionalized via Pt-catalyzed hydrosilylation of exposed Si-H moieties. These surfaces are easily obtained using mild conditions and are stable under hydrolytic conditions (neutral water, 24 h at 80 °C) while remaining highly transparent, which makes them well suited for optical and photochemical experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd Slagman
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sidharam P. Pujari
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice C. R. Franssen
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, 300072 Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King
Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Chinwangso P, St Hill LR, Marquez MD, Lee TR. Unsymmetrical Spiroalkanedithiols Having Mixed Fluorinated and Alkyl Tailgroups of Varying Length: Film Structure and Interfacial Properties. Molecules 2018; 23:E2632. [PMID: 30322175 PMCID: PMC6222720 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A custom-designed series of unsymmetrical spiroalkanedithiols having tailgroups comprised of a terminally fluorinated chain and a hydrocarbon chain of varying lengths were synthesized and used to prepare self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold substrates. The specific structure of the adsorbates was of the form [CH₃(CH₂)n][CF₃(CF₂)₇(CH₂)₈]C[CH₂SH]₂, where n = 7, 9, and 15 (designated as F8H10-C10, F8H10-C12, and F8H10-C18, respectively). The influence of the length of the hydrocarbon chain in the bidentate dithiol on the structure and interfacial properties of the monolayer was explored. A structurally analogous partially fluorinated monodentate alkanethiol and the corresponding normal alkanethiols were used to generate appropriate SAMs as reference systems. Measurements of ellipsometric thickness showed an unexpectedly low film thickness for the SAMs derived from the bidentate adsorbates, possibly due to disruptions in interchain packing caused by the fluorocarbon chains (i.e., phase-incompatible fluorocarbon-hydrocarbon interactions), ultimately giving rise to loosely packed and disordered films. Analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were also consistent with a model in which the films were loosely packed; additionally, the XPS spectra confirmed the attachment of the sulfur headgroups of the bidentate adsorbates onto the gold substrates. Studies of the SAMs by polarization modulation-infrared reflection-adsorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) suggested that as the length of the hydrocarbon chain in the adsorbates was extended, a more ordered surface was achieved by reducing the tilt of the fluorocarbon segment. The wettability data indicated that the adsorbates with longer alkyl chains were less wettable than those with shorter alkyl chains, likely due to an increase in interchain van der Waals forces in the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawilai Chinwangso
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA.
| | - Lydia R St Hill
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA.
| | - Maria D Marquez
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA.
| | - T Randall Lee
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA.
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11
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Chatgilialoglu C, Ferreri C, Landais Y, Timokhin VI. Thirty Years of (TMS)3SiH: A Milestone in Radical-Based Synthetic Chemistry. Chem Rev 2018; 118:6516-6572. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Ferreri
- ISOF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Yannick Landais
- University of Bordeaux, Institute of Molecular Sciences, UMR-CNRS 5255, 351 cours de la libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Vitaliy I. Timokhin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1552 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
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12
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Zuo B, Li C, Li Y, Qian W, Ye X, Zhang L, Wang X. Toward Achieving Highly Ordered Fluorinated Surfaces of Spin-Coated Polymer Thin Films by Optimizing the Air/Liquid Interfacial Structure of the Casting Solutions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:3993-4003. [PMID: 29505264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Thin polymer films with well-assembled fluorinated groups on their surfaces are not easily achieved via spin-coating film-fabrication methods because the solution solidifies very rapidly during spin-coating, which hinders the fluorinated moieties from segregating and organizing on the film surface. In this contribution, we have proposed a comprehensive strategy toward achieving well-ordered fluorinated thin films surfaces by optimizing the molecular organization at air/liquid interface of the film-formation solutions. To validate such a route, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) end-capped with several 2-perfluorooctylethyl methacrylate (FMA) units was employed as the model polymer for investigations. The air/solution interfacial structures were optimized by systematically changing the polymer chain structures and properties of the casting solvents. It was found that the polymers that form loosely associated aggregates (e.g., FMA1- ec-PMMA65- ec-FMA1) and a solvent with better solubility to FMA while having not too low surface tension (i.e., toluene) can combine to produce solutions with well-assembled FMA at the interfaces. By spin-coating the solutions with well-organized interfaces, an ultrathin film with perfluorinated groups that were highly oriented toward the film surface was readily achieved, exhibiting surface energies as low as 7.2 mJ/m2, which is among the lowest reported so far for the spin-coated thin films, and a very high F/C ratio (i.e., 0.98).
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of the Education Ministry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of the Education Ministry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Yawei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of the Education Ministry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Wenhao Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of the Education Ministry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Xiuyun Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of the Education Ministry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of the Education Ministry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology of the Education Ministry , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou 310018 , China
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13
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van Andel E, de Bus I, Tijhaar EJ, Smulders MMJ, Savelkoul HFJ, Zuilhof H. Highly Specific Binding on Antifouling Zwitterionic Polymer-Coated Microbeads as Measured by Flow Cytometry. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:38211-38221. [PMID: 29064669 PMCID: PMC5682608 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Micron- and nano-sized particles are extensively used in various biomedical applications. However, their performance is often drastically hampered by the nonspecific adsorption of biomolecules, a process called biofouling, which can cause false-positive and false-negative outcomes in diagnostic tests. Although antifouling coatings have been extensively studied on flat surfaces, their use on micro- and nanoparticles remains largely unexplored, despite the widespread experimental (specifically, clinical) uncertainties that arise because of biofouling. Here, we describe the preparation of magnetic micron-sized beads coated with zwitterionic sulfobetaine polymer brushes that display strong antifouling characteristics. These coated beads can then be equipped with recognition elements of choice, to enable the specific binding of target molecules. First, we present a proof of principle with biotin-functionalized beads that are able to specifically bind fluorescently labeled streptavidin from a complex mixture of serum proteins. Moreover, we show the versatility of the method by demonstrating that it is also possible to functionalize the beads with mannose moieties to specifically bind the carbohydrate-binding protein concanavalin A. Flow cytometry was used to show that thus-modified beads only bind specifically targeted proteins, with minimal/near-zero nonspecific protein adsorption from other proteins that are present. These antifouling zwitterionic polymer-coated beads, therefore, provide a significant advancement for the many bead-based diagnostic and other biosensing applications that require stringent antifouling conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther van Andel
- Laboratory of Organic
Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen
University, De Elst 1, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ian de Bus
- Laboratory of Organic
Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin J. Tijhaar
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen
University, De Elst 1, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten M. J. Smulders
- Laboratory of Organic
Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Huub F. J. Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen
University, De Elst 1, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic
Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- School of
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemical and Materials Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Marquez MD, Zenasni O, Jamison AC, Lee TR. Homogeneously Mixed Monolayers: Emergence of Compositionally Conflicted Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:8839-8855. [PMID: 28562051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability to manipulate interfaces at the nanoscale via a variety of thin-film technologies offers a plethora of avenues for advancing surface applications. These include surfaces with remarkable antibiofouling properties as well as those with tunable physical and electronic properties. Molecular self-assembly is one notably attractive method used to decorate and modify surfaces. Of particular interest to surface scientists has been the thiolate-gold system, which serves as a reliable method for generating model thin-film monolayers that transform the interfacial properties of gold surfaces. Despite widespread interest, efforts to tune the interfacial properties using mixed adsorbate systems have frequently led to phase-separated domains of molecules on the surface with random sizes and shapes depending on the structure and chemical composition of the adsorbates. This feature article highlights newly emerging methods for generating mixed thin-film interfaces, not only to enhance the aforementioned properties of organic thin films, but also to give rise to interfacial compositions never before observed in nature. An example would be the development of monolayers formed from bidentate adsorbates and other unique headgroup architectures that provide the surface bonding stability necessary to allow the assembly of interfaces that expose mixtures of chains that are fundamentally different in character (i.e., either phase-incompatible or structurally dissimilar), producing compositionally "conflicted" interfaces. By also exploring the prior efforts to produce such homogeneously blended interfaces, this feature article seeks to convey the relationships between the methods of film formation and the overall properties of the resulting interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D Marquez
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Oussama Zenasni
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Andrew C Jamison
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - T Randall Lee
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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15
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Escorihuela J, Zuilhof H. Rapid Surface Functionalization of Hydrogen-Terminated Silicon by Alkyl Silanols. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:5870-5876. [PMID: 28409624 PMCID: PMC5419668 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Surface
functionalization of inorganic semiconductor substrates,
particularly silicon, has focused attention toward many technologically
important applications, involving photovoltaic energy, biosensing
and catalysis. For such modification processes, oxide-free (H-terminated)
silicon surfaces are highly required, and different chemical approaches
have been described in the past decades. However, their reactivity
is often poor, requiring long reaction times (2–18 h) or the
use of UV light (10–30 min). Here, we report a simple and rapid
surface functionalization for H-terminated Si(111) surfaces using
alkyl silanols. This catalyst-free surface reaction is fast (15 min
at room temperature) and can be accelerated with UV light irradiation,
reducing the reaction time to 1–2 min. This grafting procedure
leads to densely packed organic monolayers that are hydrolytically
stable (even up to 30 days at pH 3 or 11) and can display excellent
antifouling behavior against a range of organic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Escorihuela
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research , Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research , Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China.,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Saito S, Murai Y, Usuki S, Yoshida M, Hammam MAS, Mitsutake S, Yuyama K, Igarashi Y, Monde K. Synthesis of Nontoxic Fluorous Sphingolipids as Molecular Probes of Exogenous Metabolic Studies for Rapid Enrichment by Fluorous Solid Phase Extraction. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shota Saito
- Graduate School of Life Science; Hokkaido University; Kita 21 Nishi 11 001-0021 Sapporo Japan
| | - Yuta Murai
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science; Hokkaido University; Kita 21 Nishi 11 001-0021 Sapporo Japan
| | - Seigo Usuki
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science; Hokkaido University; Kita 21 Nishi 11 001-0021 Sapporo Japan
| | - Masafumi Yoshida
- Graduate School of Life Science; Hokkaido University; Kita 21 Nishi 11 001-0021 Sapporo Japan
| | - Mostafa A. S. Hammam
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science; Hokkaido University; Kita 21 Nishi 11 001-0021 Sapporo Japan
| | - Susumu Mitsutake
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science; Hokkaido University; Kita 21 Nishi 11 001-0021 Sapporo Japan
| | - Kohei Yuyama
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science; Hokkaido University; Kita 21 Nishi 11 001-0021 Sapporo Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Igarashi
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science; Hokkaido University; Kita 21 Nishi 11 001-0021 Sapporo Japan
| | - Kenji Monde
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science; Hokkaido University; Kita 21 Nishi 11 001-0021 Sapporo Japan
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17
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Wang Z, Zuilhof H. Antifouling Properties of Fluoropolymer Brushes toward Organic Polymers: The Influence of Composition, Thickness, Brush Architecture, and Annealing. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:6571-6581. [PMID: 27332543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fluoropolymer brushes are widely used to prevent nonspecific adsorption of commercial polymeric or biological materials due to their strongly hydrophobic character. Herein, a series of fluoropolymer brushes with different compositions, thicknesses and molecular architectures was prepared via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Subsequently, the antifouling properties of these fluoropolymer brushes against organic polymers were studied in detail using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements and polystyrene as a representative fouling polymer. Among all of the molecular architectures studied, homopolymerized methacrylate-based fluoropolymer brushes (PMAF17) show the best antifouling properties. Annealing the fluoropolymer brushes improves the antifouling property dramatically due to the reregulated surface composition. These fluoropolymer brushes can be combined with, e.g., micro- and nanostructuring and other advanced materials properties to yield even better long-term antifouling behavior under harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhua Wang
- Material innovation institute (M2i) , Mekelweg 2, P.O. Box 5008, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University , Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University , Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Wang Z, Zuilhof H. Self-Healing Superhydrophobic Fluoropolymer Brushes as Highly Protein-Repellent Coatings. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:6310-8. [PMID: 27305351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic surfaces with micro/nanostructures are widely used to prevent nonspecific adsorption of commercial polymeric and/or biological materials. Herein, a self-healing superhydrophobic and highly protein-repellent fluoropolymer brush was grafted onto nanostructured silicon by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Both the superhydrophobicity and antifouling properties (as indicated for isolated protein solutions and for 10% blood plasma) are well repaired upon serious chemical degradation (by e.g. air plasma). This brush still maintains excellent superhydrophobicity and good antifouling properties even after 5 damage-repair cycles, which opens a new door to fabricate long-term antifouling coatings on various substrates that can be used in harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhua Wang
- Materials innovation institute (M2i) , Elektronicaweg 25, P.O. Box 5008, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University , Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University , Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, P.R. China
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19
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Purkait TK, Iqbal M, Islam MA, Mobarok MH, Gonzalez CM, Hadidi L, Veinot JGC. Alkoxy-Terminated Si Surfaces: A New Reactive Platform for the Functionalization and Derivatization of Silicon Quantum Dots. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7114-20. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b03155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tapas K. Purkait
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | | | - Md Hosnay Mobarok
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | | | - Lida Hadidi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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20
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Cox LM, Killgore JP, Li Z, Long R, Sanders AW, Xiao J, Ding Y. Influences of Substrate Adhesion and Particle Size on the Shape Memory Effect of Polystyrene Particles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:3691-3698. [PMID: 27023181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Formulations and applications of micro- and nanoscale polymer particles have proliferated rapidly in recent years, yet knowledge of their mechanical behavior has not grown accordingly. In this study, we examine the ways that compressive strain, substrate surface energy, and particle size influence the shape memory cycle of polystyrene particles. Using nanoimprint lithography, differently sized particles are programmed into highly deformed, temporary shapes in contact with substrates of differing surface energies. Atomic force microscopy is used to obtain in situ measurements of particle shape recovery kinetics, and scanning electron microscopy is employed to assess differences in the profiles of particles at the conclusion of the shape memory cycle. Finally, finite element models are used to investigate the growing impact of surface energies at smaller length scales. Results reveal that the influence of substrate adhesion on particle recovery is size-dependent and can become dominating at submicron length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis M Cox
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡Material Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309-0427, United States
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division and §Radio Frequency Technology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Jason P Killgore
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡Material Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309-0427, United States
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division and §Radio Frequency Technology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Zhengwei Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡Material Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309-0427, United States
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division and §Radio Frequency Technology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Rong Long
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡Material Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309-0427, United States
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division and §Radio Frequency Technology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Aric W Sanders
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡Material Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309-0427, United States
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division and §Radio Frequency Technology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Jianliang Xiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡Material Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309-0427, United States
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division and §Radio Frequency Technology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Yifu Ding
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and ‡Material Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309-0427, United States
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division and §Radio Frequency Technology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
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21
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Alonso C, Martínez de Marigorta E, Rubiales G, Palacios F. Carbon trifluoromethylation reactions of hydrocarbon derivatives and heteroarenes. Chem Rev 2015; 115:1847-935. [PMID: 25635524 DOI: 10.1021/cr500368h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 792] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Concepción Alonso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I - Centro de Investigación Lascaray, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad del País Vasco , Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
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22
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Bhairamadgi NS, Pujari SP, van Rijn CJM, Zuilhof H. Adhesion and friction properties of fluoropolymer brushes: on the tribological inertness of fluorine. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:12532-12540. [PMID: 25313839 DOI: 10.1021/la501802b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of fluorination on the adhesion and friction properties of covalently bound poly(fluoroalkyl methacrylate) polymer brushes (thickness ∼80 nm) were systematically investigated. Si(111) surfaces were functionalized with a covalently bound initiator via a thiol-yne click reaction to have a high surface coverage for initiator immobilization. Surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) was employed for the synthesis of four different fluoropolymer brushes (SPFx, where x = 0, 3, 7, or 17 F atoms per monomer), based on fluoroalkyl methacrylates. All polymer brushes were characterized with static contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and infrared absorption reflection spectroscopy (IRRAS). The polymer brushes exhibited an excellent hydrophobicity, with static water contact angles of up to 121° depending on the number of fluorine atoms per side chain in fluoroalkyl methacrylate. The degree of swelling was precisely studied by using ellipsometry in different solvents such as acetone, hexadecane, hexafluoroisopropanol, nonafluorobutyl methyl ether, and Fluorinert FC-40. The polymer brushes have shown nanoscale swelling behavior in all solvents except hexadecane. The grafting density decreased upon increasing fluorine content in polymer brushes from 0.65 chains/nm(2) (SPF0) to 0.10 chains/nm(2) (SPF17) as observed in Fluorinert FC-40 as a good solvent. Adhesion and friction force measurements were conducted with silica colloidal probe atomic force microscopy (CP-AFM) under ambient, dry (argon), and lubricating fluid conditions. SPF17 showed the lowest coefficient of friction 0.005 under ambient condition (RH = 44 ± 2%) and a further decrease with 50% under fluidic conditions. These polymer brushes also showed adhesion forces as low as 6.9 nN under ambient conditions, which further went down to 0.003 nN under fluidic conditions (Fluorinert FC-40 and hexadecane) at 10 nN force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra S Bhairamadgi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University , Dreijenplein 8, 6703HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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23
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Ellinas K, Pujari SP, Dragatogiannis DA, Charitidis CA, Tserepi A, Zuilhof H, Gogolides E. Plasma micro-nanotextured, scratch, water and hexadecane resistant, superhydrophobic, and superamphiphobic polymeric surfaces with perfluorinated monolayers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:6510-24. [PMID: 24749933 DOI: 10.1021/am5000432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic and superamphiphobic toward superoleophobic polymeric surfaces of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), and polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) are fabricated in a two-step process: (1) plasma texturing (i.e., ion-enhanced plasma etching with simultaneous roughening), with varying plasma chemistry depending on the polymer, and subsequently (2) grafting of self-assembled perfluorododecyltrichlorosilane monolayers (SAMs). Depending on the absence or not of an etch mask (i.e., colloidal microparticle self-assembly on it), random or ordered hierarchical micro-nanotexturing can be obtained. We demonstrate that stable organic monolayers can be grafted onto all these textured polymeric surfaces. After the monolayer deposition, the initially hydrophilic polymeric surfaces become superamphiphobic with static contact angles for water and oils>153°, for hexadecane>142°, and hysteresis<10° for all surfaces. This approach thus provides a simple and generic method to obtain superamphiphobicity on polymers toward superoleophobicity. Hydrolytic and hexadecane immersion tests prove that superamphiphobicity is stable for more than 14 days. We also perform nanoscratch and post nanoscratch tests to prove the scratch resistance of both the texture and the SAM and demonstrate lower coefficient of friction of the SAM compared to the uncoated surface. Scanning electron microscope observation after the nanoscratch tests confirms the scratch resistance of the surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosmas Ellinas
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos" , Aghia Paraskevi,153 10 Attiki, Greece
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24
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Modification of silicon oxide surfaces by monolayers of an oligoethylene glycol-terminated perfluoroalkyl silane. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Vasumathi V, Cordeiro MND. Molecular dynamics study of mixed alkanethiols covering a gold surface at three different arrangements. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Bhairamadgi NS, Pujari SP, Leermakers FAM, van Rijn CJM, Zuilhof H. Adhesion and friction properties of polymer brushes: fluoro versus nonfluoro polymer brushes at varying thickness. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:2068-2076. [PMID: 24555721 DOI: 10.1021/la404915k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of different thicknesses of fluoro poly(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate) and its analogous nonfluoro poly(ethyl methacrylate) polymer brushes were prepared via surface-initiated ATRP (SI-ATRP) on Si(111) surfaces. The thiol-yne click reaction was used to immobilize the SI-ATRP initiator with a high surface coverage, in order to achieve denser polymer brushes (grafting density from ~0.1 to 0.8 chains/nm(2)). All polymer brushes were characterized by static water contact angle measurements, infrared absorption reflection spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Adhesion and friction force measurements were conducted with silica colloidal probe atomic force microscopy (CP-AFM) under ambient and dry (argon) conditions. The fluoro poly(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate) polymer showed a decrease in adhesion and friction with increasing thickness. The analogous nonfluoro poly(ethyl methacrylate) polymer brushes showed high adhesion and friction under ambient conditions. Friction coefficients down to 0.0057 (ambient conditions) and 0.0031 (dry argon) were obtained for poly(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate) polymer brushes with 140 nm thickness, which are the lowest among these types of polymer brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra S Bhairamadgi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and ‡Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University and Research Center , Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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27
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Zeniou A, Ellinas K, Olziersky A, Gogolides E. Ultra-high aspect ratio Si nanowires fabricated with plasma etching: plasma processing, mechanical stability analysis against adhesion and capillary forces and oleophobicity. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:035302. [PMID: 24346308 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/3/035302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Room-temperature deep Si etching using time-multiplexed deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) processes is investigated to fabricate ultra-high aspect ratio Si nanowires (SiNWs) perpendicular to the silicon substrate. Nanopatterning is achieved using either top-down techniques (e.g. electron beam lithography) or colloidal polystyrene (PS) sphere self-assembly. The latter is a faster and more economical method if imperfections in diameter and position can be tolerated. We demonstrate wire radii from below 100 nm to several micrometers, and aspect ratios (ARs) above 100:1 with etching rates above 1 μm min(-1) using classical mass flow controllers with pulsing rise times of seconds. The mechanical stability of these nanowires is studied theoretically and experimentally against adhesion and capillary forces. It is shown that above ARs of the order of 50:1 for spacing 1 μm, SiNWs tend to bend due to adhesion forces between them. Such large adhesion forces are due to the high surface energy of silicon. Wetting the SiNWs with water and drying also gives rise to capillary forces. We find that capillary forces may be less important for SiNW collapse/bending compared to adhesion forces of dry SiNWs, contrary to what is observed for polymeric nanowires/nanopillars which have a much lower surface energy compared to silicon. Finally we show that SiNW arrays have oleophobic and superoleophobic properties, i.e. they exhibit excellent anti-wetting properties for a wide range of liquids and oils due to the re-entrant profile produced by the DRIE process and the well-designed spacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zeniou
- Institute of Microelectronics, National Center for Scientific Research NCSR 'Demokritos', Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, 15310, Greece
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28
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Li Y, Wan Y, Dong Z, Zhang J. Excellent friction-reducing performance of superhydrophobic steel surface in dry sliding. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47496h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Superhydrophobic micro/nano-engineered steel surfaces with friction-reducing properties were fabricated by the combination of chemical etching and stearic acid coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Qingdao Technological University
- Qingdao 266033, P. R. China
| | - Yong Wan
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Qingdao Technological University
- Qingdao 266033, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Dong
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Qingdao Technological University
- Qingdao 266033, P. R. China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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29
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Vijayshankar D, Mammen L, Papadopoulos P, Vollmer D. Nanorough silica coatings by chemical vapor deposition. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46423g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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30
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Pujari SP, Li Y, Regeling R, Zuilhof H. Tribology and stability of organic monolayers on CrN: a comparison among silane, phosphonate, alkene, and alkyne chemistries. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:10405-10415. [PMID: 23924242 DOI: 10.1021/la401981b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of chemically and mechanically stable monolayers on the surfaces of various inorganic hard materials is crucial to the development of biomedical/electronic devices. In this Article, monolayers based on the reactivity of silane, phosphonate, 1-alkene, and 1-alkyne moieties were obtained on the hydroxyl-terminated chromium nitride surface. Their chemical stability and tribology were systematically investigated. The chemical stability of the modified CrN surfaces was tested in aqueous media at 60 °C at pH 3, 7, and 11 and monitored by static water contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ellipsometry, and Fourier transform infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (FT-IRRAS). The tribological properties of the resulting organic monolayers with different end groups (fluorinated or nonfluorinated) were studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that the fluorinated monolayers exhibit a dramatic reduction of adhesion and friction force as well as excellent wear resistance compared to those of nonfluorinated coatings and bare CrN substrates. The combination of remarkable chemical stability and superior tribological properties makes these fluorinated monolayers promising candidates for the development of robust high-performance devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidharam P Pujari
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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31
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Pujari SP, Scheres L, van Lagen B, Zuilhof H. Organic monolayers from 1-alkynes covalently attached to chromium nitride: alkyl and fluoroalkyl termination. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:10393-10404. [PMID: 23919532 DOI: 10.1021/la401978h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Strategies to modify chromium nitride (CrN) surfaces are important because of the increasing applications of these materials in various areas such as hybrid electronics, medical implants, diffusion barrier layers, corrosion inhibition, and wettability control. The present work presents the first surface immobilization of alkyl and perfluoro-alkyl (from C6 to C18) chains onto CrN substrates using appropriately functionalized 1-alkynes, yielding covalently bound, high-density organic monolayers with excellent hydrophobic properties and a high degree of short-range order. The obtained monolayers were characterized in detail by water contact angle, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ellipsometry, and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidharam P Pujari
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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32
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Giesbers M, Marcelis ATM, Zuilhof H. Simulation of XPS C1s spectra of organic monolayers by quantum chemical methods. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:4782-8. [PMID: 23548381 DOI: 10.1021/la400445s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Several simple methods are presented and evaluated to simulate the X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) of organic monolayers and polymeric layers by density functional theory (DFT) and second-order Møller-Plesset theory (MP2) in combination with a series of basis sets. The simulated carbon (C1s) XPS spectra as obtained via B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) or M11/6-311G(d,p) calculations are in good agreement (average mean error <0.3 eV) with the experimental spectra, and good estimates of C1s spectra can be obtained via E(C1s)(exp) = 0.9698EC1s(theory) + 20.34 (in eV) (B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)). As a result, the simulated C1s XPS spectra can elucidate the binding energies of the different carbon species within an organic layer and, in this way, greatly aid the assignment of complicated C1s XPS spectra. The paper gives a wide range of examples, including haloalkanes, esters, (thio-)ethers, leaving groups, clickable functionalities, and bioactive moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Giesbers
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Dreijenplein 8, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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33
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Bhairamadgi NS, Gangarapu S, Caipa Campos MA, Paulusse JMJ, van Rijn CJM, Zuilhof H. Efficient functionalization of oxide-free silicon(111) surfaces: thiol-yne versus thiol-ene click chemistry. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:4535-42. [PMID: 23528051 DOI: 10.1021/la400007y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Thiol-yne click (TYC) chemistry was utilized as a copper-free click reaction for the modification of alkyne-terminated monolayers on oxide-free Si(111) surfaces, and the results were compared with the analogous thiol-ene click (TEC) chemistry. A wide range of thiols such as 9-fluorenylmethoxy-carbonyl cysteine, thio-β-d-glucose tetraacetate, thioacetic acid, thioglycerol, thioglycolic acid, and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecanethiol was immobilized using TYC under photochemical conditions, and all modified surfaces were characterized by static water contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (including a simulation thereof by density functional calculations), and infrared absorption reflection spectroscopy. Surface-bound TYC proceeds with an efficiency of up to 1.5 thiols per alkyne group. This high surface coverage proceeds without oxidizing the Si surface. TYC yielded consistently higher surface coverages than TEC, due to double addition of thiols to alkyne-terminated monolayers. This also allows for the sequential and highly efficient attachment of two different thiols onto an alkyne-terminated monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra S Bhairamadgi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research Center, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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34
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Pujari SP, Scheres L, Weidner T, Baio JE, Stuart MAC, van Rijn CJM, Zuilhof H. Covalently attached organic monolayers onto silicon carbide from 1-alkynes: molecular structure and tribological properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:4019-4031. [PMID: 23496153 DOI: 10.1021/la400040e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to achieve improved tribological and wear properties at semiconductor interfaces, we have investigated the thermal grafting of both alkylated and fluorine-containing ((C(x)F(2x+1))-(CH2)n-) 1-alkynes and 1-alkenes onto silicon carbide (SiC). The resulting monolayers display static water contact angles up to 120°. The chemical composition of the covalently bound monolayers was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. These techniques indicate the presence of acetal groups at the organic-inorganic interface of alkyne-modified SiC surfaces. The tribological properties of the resulting organic monolayers with fluorinated or nonfluorinated end groups were explored using atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that the fluorinated monolayers exhibit a significant reduction of adhesion forces, friction forces, and wear resistance compared with non-fluorinated molecular coatings and especially bare SiC substrates. The successful combination of hydrophobicity and excellent tribological properties makes these strongly bound, fluorinated monolayers promising candidates for application as a thin film coating in high-performance microelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidharam P Pujari
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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35
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Pujari SP, van Andel E, Yaffe O, Cahen D, Weidner T, van Rijn CJM, Zuilhof H. Mono-fluorinated alkyne-derived SAMs on oxide-free Si(111) surfaces: preparation, characterization and tuning of the Si workfunction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:570-580. [PMID: 23286894 DOI: 10.1021/la303403v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Organic monolayers derived from ω-fluoro-1-alkynes of varying carbon chain lengths (C(10)-C(18)) were prepared on Si(111) surfaces, resulting in changes of the physical and electronic properties of the surface. Analysis of the monolayers using XPS, Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy, ellipsometry and static water contact angle measurements provided information regarding the monolayer thickness, the tilt angle, and the surface coverage. Additionally, PCFF molecular mechanics studies were used to obtain information on the optimal packing density and the layer thickness, which were compared to the experimentally found data. From the results, it can be concluded that the monolayers derived from longer chain lengths are more ordered, possess a lower tilt angle, and have a higher surface coverage than monolayers derived from shorter chains. We also demonstrate that by substitution of an H by F atom in the terminal group, it is possible to controllably modify the surface potential and energy barrier for charge transport in a full metal/monolayer-semiconductor (MOMS) junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidharam P Pujari
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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