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Craze AR, Marjo CE, Li F. A complementary characterisation technique for spin crossover materials; the application of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for future device applications. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:428-441. [PMID: 34846406 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03446d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Spin crossover (SCO) materials have long been studied for their inherent electronic switchability, which has been well investigated for potential application in electronic and switching devices. As the technologies for the fabrication of thin films and monolayers continue to develop at an exceedingly rapid pace, an emerging challenge for the SCO community has become the characterisation of spin transitions in the surface layers of a material, as well as understanding the origins of discrepancies observed between SCO in thin films and that of the bulk material. For the manufacture of such devices to become a reality, it is crucial to understand how spin crossover is affected by interactions with the substrate material and within thin films. As such, detailed analysis of the surface layers without interference from the substrate material emerged as a critical area of characterisation for future developments in SCO devices. In this regard, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) has emerged as a complementary technique for the analysis of SCO in the surface layers of a material, becoming an essential part of a multi-technique protocol that is driving advances in the field. Here we describe the complementary application of XPS to a variety of SCO materials, review major developments and provide illustrative examples of innovations made through surface analysis with XPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Craze
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Christopher E Marjo
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Feng Li
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
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2
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Petersen F, Lautenschläger I, Schlimm A, Flöser BM, Jacob H, Amirbeigiarab R, Rusch TR, Strunskus T, Magnussen O, Tuczek F. Molybdenum tricarbonyl complex functionalised with a molecular triazatriangulene platform on Au(111): surface spectroscopic characterisation. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:1042-1052. [PMID: 33367415 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03549a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal complexes form the basis for small molecule activation and are relevant for electrocatalysis. To combine both approaches the attachment of homogeneous catalysts to metallic surfaces is of significant interest. Towards this goal a molybdenum tricarbonyl complex supported by a tripodal phosphine ligand was covalently bound to a triazatriangulene (TATA) platform via an acetylene unit and the resulting TATA-functionalised complex was deposited on a Au(111) surface. The corresponding self-assembled monolayer was characterised with scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS). The vibrational properties of the surface-adsorbed complexes were investigated with the help of infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), and the frequency/intensity changes with respect to the bulk spectrum were analysed. A full vibrational analysis was performed with the help of DFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn Petersen
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str.2, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Irene Lautenschläger
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str.2, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Alexander Schlimm
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str.2, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Benedikt M Flöser
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str.2, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Hanne Jacob
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str.2, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | | | - Talina R Rusch
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Leibnizstraße 11-19, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Strunskus
- Institute for Materials Science-Multicomponent Materials, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kaiserstraße 2, 24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Olaf Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Leibnizstraße 11-19, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Felix Tuczek
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str.2, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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3
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Fast E, Schlimm A, Lautenschläger I, Clausen KU, Strunskus T, Spormann C, Lindhorst TK, Tuczek F. Improving the Switching Capacity of Glyco-Self-Assembled Monolayers on Au(111). Chemistry 2020; 26:485-501. [PMID: 31660639 PMCID: PMC6973251 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) decorated with photoisomerizable azobenzene glycosides are useful tools for investigating the effect of ligand orientation on carbohydrate recognition. However, photoswitching of SAMs between two specific states is characterized by a limited capacity. The goal of this study is the improvement of photoswitchable azobenzene glyco-SAMs. Different concepts, in particular self-dilution and rigid biaryl backbones, have been investigated. The required SH-functionalized azobenzene glycoconjugates were synthesized through a modular approach, and the respective glyco-SAMs were fabricated on Au(111). Their photoswitching properties have been extensively investigated by applying a powerful set of methods (IRRAS, XPS, and NEXAFS). Indeed, the combination of tailor-made biaryl-azobenzene glycosides and suitable diluent molecules led to photoswitchable glyco-SAMs with a significantly enhanced and unprecedented switching capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Fast
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic ChemistryChristian-Albrechts-University KielOtto-Hahn-Platz 424118KielGermany
| | - Alexander Schlimm
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryChristian-Albrechts-University KielMax-Eyth Straße 224118KielGermany
| | - Irene Lautenschläger
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryChristian-Albrechts-University KielMax-Eyth Straße 224118KielGermany
| | - Kai Uwe Clausen
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryChristian-Albrechts-University KielMax-Eyth Straße 224118KielGermany
| | - Thomas Strunskus
- Institute for Materials Science—Multicomponent MaterialsChristian-Albrechts-University KielKaisertr. 224143KielGermany
| | - Carina Spormann
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic ChemistryChristian-Albrechts-University KielOtto-Hahn-Platz 424118KielGermany
| | - Thisbe K. Lindhorst
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic ChemistryChristian-Albrechts-University KielOtto-Hahn-Platz 424118KielGermany
| | - Felix Tuczek
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryChristian-Albrechts-University KielMax-Eyth Straße 224118KielGermany
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4
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Schlimm A, Stucke N, Flöser BM, Rusch T, Krahmer J, Näther C, Strunskus T, Magnussen OM, Tuczek F. Influence of a Metal Substrate on Small-Molecule Activation Mediated by a Surface-Adsorbed Complex. Chemistry 2018; 24:10732-10744. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schlimm
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Max-Eyth-Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Nadja Stucke
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Max-Eyth-Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Benedikt M. Flöser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Max-Eyth-Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Talina Rusch
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Leibnizstrasse 19 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Jan Krahmer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Max-Eyth-Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Christian Näther
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Max-Eyth-Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Thomas Strunskus
- Institute for Materials Science-Multicomponent Materials; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Kaiserstrasse 2 24143 Kiel Germany
| | - Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Leibnizstrasse 19 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Felix Tuczek
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Max-Eyth-Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
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Routaboul L, Tanabe I, Santana JC, Yuan M, Ghisolfi A, Garcia WS, Dowben PA, Doudin B, Braunstein P. Changes in molecular film metallicity with minor modifications of the constitutive quinonoid zwitterions. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01597f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The electronic properties of molecular films formed by quinonoid zwitterions deposited on gold are highly dependent on the nature of the N-substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Routaboul
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- CHIMIE UMR 7177
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination
- 67081 Strasbourg
| | - Iori Tanabe
- Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln
- Lincoln
- USA
| | - Juan Colon Santana
- Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln
- Lincoln
- USA
| | - Minghui Yuan
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- CHIMIE UMR 7177
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination
- 67081 Strasbourg
| | - Alessio Ghisolfi
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- CHIMIE UMR 7177
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination
- 67081 Strasbourg
| | - William Serrano Garcia
- Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln
- Lincoln
- USA
| | - Peter A. Dowben
- Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln
- Lincoln
- USA
| | | | - Pierre Braunstein
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- CHIMIE UMR 7177
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination
- 67081 Strasbourg
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6
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Yuan M, Tanabe I, Bernard-Schaaf JM, Shi QY, Schlegel V, Schurhammer R, Dowben PA, Doudin B, Routaboul L, Braunstein P. Influence of steric hindrance on the molecular packing and the anchoring of quinonoid zwitterions on gold surfaces. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj03251b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The N-substituent on quinonoid zwitterions influences the molecules packing and impacts their anchoring on gold surfaces.
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7
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Valverde-Muñoz FJ, Gaspar AB, Shylin SI, Ksenofontov V, Real JA. Synthesis of Nanocrystals and Particle Size Effects Studies on the Thermally Induced Spin Transition of the Model Spin Crossover Compound [Fe(phen)2(NCS)2]. Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Valverde-Muñoz
- Institut de Ciència
Molecular/Departament de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de València, C/Catedratic José Beltrán Martínez,
2, 46980 Paterna, València, Spain
| | - Ana B. Gaspar
- Institut de Ciència
Molecular/Departament de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de València, C/Catedratic José Beltrán Martínez,
2, 46980 Paterna, València, Spain
| | - Sergii I. Shylin
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytsiche Chemie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger-Weg 9, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska 64/13, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vadim Ksenofontov
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytsiche Chemie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger-Weg 9, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - José A. Real
- Institut de Ciència
Molecular/Departament de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de València, C/Catedratic José Beltrán Martínez,
2, 46980 Paterna, València, Spain
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Masárová P, Zoufalý P, Moncol J, Nemec I, Pavlik J, Gembický M, Trávníček Z, Boča R, Šalitroš I. Spin crossover and high spin electroneutral mononuclear iron(iii) Schiff base complexes involving terminal pseudohalido ligands. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj01363h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Six new Schiff-base complexes (1–6) with pseudohalido terminal ligands exhibits spin crossover or high spin state behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Masárová
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- FCHPT
- Slovak University of Technology
- 812 37 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Pavel Zoufalý
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Palacký University
- 771 46 Olomouc
| | - Ján Moncol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- FCHPT
- Slovak University of Technology
- 812 37 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Ivan Nemec
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Palacký University
- 771 46 Olomouc
| | - Ján Pavlik
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- FCHPT
- Slovak University of Technology
- 812 37 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | | | - Zdeněk Trávníček
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Palacký University
- 771 46 Olomouc
| | - Roman Boča
- Department of Chemistry
- FPV
- University of SS Cyril and Methodius
- 917 01 Trnava
- Slovakia
| | - Ivan Šalitroš
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- FCHPT
- Slovak University of Technology
- 812 37 Bratislava
- Slovakia
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9
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Chandrasekaran V, Jacob H, Petersen F, Kathirvel K, Tuczek F, Lindhorst TK. Synthesis and Surface-Spectroscopic Characterization of Photoisomerizable glyco-SAMs on Au(111). Chemistry 2014; 20:8744-52. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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10
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Karan S, Gopakumar TG, Jacob H, Meyer S, Tuczek F, Berndt R. Remotely Triggered Geometrical Isomerization of a Binuclear Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:6163-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja500154g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujoy Karan
- Institut
für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Hanne Jacob
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sven Meyer
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Felix Tuczek
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Richard Berndt
- Institut
für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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11
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Schmidt SO, Kisslinger S, Würtele C, Bonnet S, Schindler S, Tuczek F. Iron(II) Complexes Supported by a Tetradentate Ligand Providing a Strained Equatorial Coordination Environment: Geometric and Electronic-Structural Implications. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201300425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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