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Rodriguez C, Torres-Costa V, Bittner A, Morin S, Cascajo Castresana M, Chiriaev S, Modin E, Chuvilin A, Manso Silván M. Electron microscopy approach to the wetting dynamics of single organosilanized mesopores. iScience 2023; 26:107981. [PMID: 37860771 PMCID: PMC10583112 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Columnar mesoporous silicon (PSi) with hydrophobic vs. hydrophilic chemistries was chosen as a model for the local (pore-by-pore) study of water-pore interactions. Tomographic reconstructions provided a 3D view of the ramified pore structure. An in situ study of PSi wetting was conducted for categorized pore diameters by environmental scanning TEM. An appropriate setting of the contrast allows for the normalization of the gray scale in the images as a function of relative humidity (RH). This allows constructing an isotherm for each single pore and a subsequent averaging provides an isotherm for each pore size range. The isotherms systematically point to an initial adsorption through the formation of water adlayers, followed by a capillary filling process at higher RH. The local isotherms correlate with (global) gravimetric determination of wetting. Our results point at the validation of a technique for the study of aging and stability of single-pore nanoscale devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Rodriguez
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Microanálisis de Materiales and Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Mecwins, Roda de Poniente 15, Tres Cantos, Madrid 28760, Spain
| | - V. Torres-Costa
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Microanálisis de Materiales and Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - A.M. Bittner
- CIC nanoGUNE, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - S. Morin
- CIC nanoGUNE, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - M. Cascajo Castresana
- CIC nanoGUNE, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Tecnalia, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - S. Chiriaev
- Mads Clausen Institute, University of Southern Denmark, 6400 Sønderborg, Denmark
| | - E. Modin
- CIC nanoGUNE, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - A. Chuvilin
- CIC nanoGUNE, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - M. Manso Silván
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Microanálisis de Materiales and Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Owen L, Shivkumar M, Cross RBM, Laird K. Porous surfaces: stability and recovery of coronaviruses. Interface Focus 2022; 12:20210039. [PMID: 34956608 PMCID: PMC8662390 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2021.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of indirect contact in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is not clear. SARS-CoV-2 persists on dry surfaces for hours to days; published studies have largely focused on hard surfaces with less research being conducted on different porous surfaces, such as textiles. Understanding the potential risks of indirect transmission of COVID-19 is useful for settings where there is close contact with textiles, including healthcare, manufacturing and retail environments. This article aims to review current research on porous surfaces in relation to their potential as fomites of coronaviruses compared to non-porous surfaces. Current methodologies for assessing the stability and recovery of coronaviruses from surfaces are also explored. Coronaviruses are often less stable on porous surfaces than non-porous surfaces, for example, SARS-CoV-2 persists for 0.5 h-5 days on paper and 3-21 days on plastic; however, stability is dependent on the type of surface. In particular, the surface properties of textiles differ widely depending on their construction, leading to variation in the stability of coronaviruses, with longer persistence on more hydrophobic materials such as polyester (1-3 days) compared to highly absorbent cotton (2 h-4 days). These findings should be considered where there is close contact with potentially contaminated textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Owen
- Infectious Disease Research Group, The Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Maitreyi Shivkumar
- Infectious Disease Research Group, The Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Richard B. M. Cross
- Emerging Technologies Research Centre, School of Engineering and Sustainable Development, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Katie Laird
- Infectious Disease Research Group, The Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
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3
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Nanoscale Wetting of Single Viruses. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175184. [PMID: 34500617 PMCID: PMC8434471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemic spread of many viral infections is mediated by the environmental conditions and influenced by the ambient humidity. Single virus particles have been mainly visualized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in liquid conditions, where the effect of the relative humidity on virus topography and surface cannot be systematically assessed. In this work, we employed multi-frequency AFM, simultaneously with standard topography imaging, to study the nanoscale wetting of individual Tobacco Mosaic virions (TMV) from ambient relative humidity to water condensation (RH > 100%). We recorded amplitude and phase vs. distance curves (APD curves) on top of single virions at various RH and converted them into force vs. distance curves. The high sensitivity of multifrequency AFM to visualize condensed water and sub-micrometer droplets, filling gaps between individual TMV particles at RH > 100%, is demonstrated. Dynamic force spectroscopy allows detecting a thin water layer of thickness ~1 nm, adsorbed on the outer surface of single TMV particles at RH < 60%.
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Bucci R, Georgilis E, Bittner AM, Gelmi ML, Clerici F. Peptide-Based Electrospun Fibers: Current Status and Emerging Developments. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1262. [PMID: 34065019 PMCID: PMC8151459 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Electrospinning is a well-known, straightforward, and versatile technique, widely used for the preparation of fibers by electrifying a polymer solution. However, a high molecular weight is not essential for obtaining uniform electrospun fibers; in fact, the primary criterion to succeed is the presence of sufficient intermolecular interactions, which function similar to chain entanglements. Some small molecules able to self-assemble have been electrospun from solution into fibers and, among them, peptides containing both natural and non-natural amino acids are of particular relevance. Nowadays, the use of peptides for this purpose is at an early stage, but it is gaining more and more interest, and we are now witnessing the transition from basic research towards applications. Considering the novelty in the relevant processing, the aim of this review is to analyze the state of the art from the early 2000s on. Moreover, advantages and drawbacks in using peptides as the main or sole component for generating electrospun nanofibers will be discussed. Characterization techniques that are specifically targeted to the produced peptide fibers are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Bucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.L.G.); (F.C.)
| | - Evangelos Georgilis
- CIC nanoGUNE, (BRTA) Tolosa Hiribidea 76, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (E.G.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Alexander M. Bittner
- CIC nanoGUNE, (BRTA) Tolosa Hiribidea 76, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (E.G.); (A.M.B.)
- Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science, Pl. Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Maria L. Gelmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.L.G.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesca Clerici
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.L.G.); (F.C.)
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Joonaki E, Hassanpouryouzband A, Heldt CL, Areo O. Surface Chemistry Can Unlock Drivers of Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 in a Variety of Environmental Conditions. Chem 2020; 6:2135-2146. [PMID: 32838053 PMCID: PMC7409833 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The surface stability and resulting transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), specifically in indoor environments, have been identified as a potential pandemic challenge requiring investigation. This novel virus can be found on various surfaces in contaminated sites such as clinical places; however, the behavior and molecular interactions of the virus with respect to the surfaces are poorly understood. Regarding this, the virus adsorption onto solid surfaces can play a critical role in transmission and survival in various environments. In this article, we first give an overview of existing knowledge concerning viral spread, molecular structure of SARS-CoV-2, and the virus surface stability is presented. Then, we highlight potential drivers of the SARS-CoV-2 surface adsorption and stability in various environmental conditions. This theoretical analysis shows that different surface and environmental conditions including temperature, humidity, and pH are crucial considerations in building fundamental understanding of the virus transmission and thereby improving safety practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edris Joonaki
- TÜV SÜD UK National Engineering Laboratory, Scottish Enterprise Technology Park, East Kilbride, South Lanarkshire, G75 0QF, United Kingdom
| | - Aliakbar Hassanpouryouzband
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Main Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JW, United Kingdom
| | - Caryn L Heldt
- Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Oluwatoyin Areo
- Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
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Alonso JM, Ondarçuhu T, Parrens C, Górzny M, Bittner AM. Nanoscale wetting of viruses by ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Riekel C, Burghammer M, Snigirev I, Rosenthal M. Microstructural metrology of tobacco mosaic virus nanorods during radial compression and heating. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:194-204. [PMID: 29138785 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01332a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We determined stress-induced deformations and the thermal stability of nanorod-shaped tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) capsids in coffee-ring structures by X-ray nanodiffraction. The hexagonal capsids lattice transforms under compression in the outer boundary zone of the coffee-ring into a tetragonal lattice. The helical pitch of the nanorods increases by about 2.5% across the outer boundary zone while the lateral distance between nanorods decreases continuously across the whole coffee-ring structure by about 2% due to compressive forces. The diffraction patterns show a mixture of helical scattering and Bragg peaks attributed to a lattice of nanorods interlocked by their helical grooves. Thermo-nanodiffraction reveals water loss up to about 100 °C resulting in a reduction of the helical pitch by about 6% with respect to its maximum value and a reduction of the nanorods separation by about 0.5 nm. Up to about 200 °C the pitch is increasing again by about 2%. Secondary crystallization in the bulk reaches a maximum at 150-160 °C. At higher temperatures the crystallinity is continuously decreasing up to about 220 °C. Above about 200 °C and depending on the heating history, the nanorods start disintegrating into small, randomly oriented aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Riekel
- The European Synchrotron, ESRF, CS40220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
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Škvor J, Škvára J, Jirsák J, Nezbeda I. A general method for determining molecular interfaces and layers. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 76:17-35. [PMID: 28668730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A general and direct computational scheme to locate the surface separating arbitrarily shaped domains made up of molecules (or any other particles) has been developed and is described and illustrated for several, both artificial and physical examples. The proposed scheme consists of two modules: (i) triangulation and (ii) assignment of simplices to domains. Three different triangulation methods are employed, viz., the Delaunay triangulation, regular triangulation, and quasi-triangulation. In the triangulated system, the assignment step is carried out in two different ways, one based on the characteristic metric of a particular triangulation procedure and the other on the concept of a touching sphere. Some of the combinations of the triangulation and assignment steps lead to methods already used by others to find interfacial or surface molecules, namely the alpha-shape-based method of Usabiaga nad Duque [Phys. Rev. E 79 (2009) 046709] and GITIM of Sega et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 138 (2013) 044110]. The resulting surface is defined not only as a discrete set of particles, but it is build up of facets of the triangulation forming a broken line in two dimensions or a polyhedral surface in three dimensions. Individual molecular layers are identified in a very straightforward manner, starting with the interfacial layer itself and proceeding into the interior of the phase. The proposed scheme is illustrated first by identifying border molecules of pre-sampled domains of several shapes in a plane and then applied to five physically meaningful examples: thin films, near critical water, liquid water slab in an electric field, liquid water at a solid wall, and water at condition of electric-field-induced jetting. Performance of the considered methods is critically assessed. Treatment of domains forming percolating clusters through periodic boundary conditions is also described along with the determination of their periodicity and dimensionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Škvor
- Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 400 96 Ústí nad Labem, Czechia.
| | - Jiří Škvára
- Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 400 96 Ústí nad Labem, Czechia
| | - Jan Jirsák
- Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 400 96 Ústí nad Labem, Czechia; Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czechia
| | - Ivo Nezbeda
- Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 400 96 Ústí nad Labem, Czechia; Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czechia
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Multifrequency Force Microscopy of Helical Protein Assembly on a Virus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21899. [PMID: 26915629 PMCID: PMC4768132 DOI: 10.1038/srep21899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
High-resolution microscopy techniques have been extensively used to investigate the structure of soft, biological matter at the nanoscale, from very thin membranes to small objects, like viruses. Electron microscopy techniques allow for obtaining extraordinary resolution by averaging signals from multiple identical structures. In contrast, atomic force microscopy (AFM) collects data from single entities. Here, it is possible to finely modulate the interaction with the samples, in order to be sensitive to their top surface, avoiding mechanical deformations. However, most biological surfaces are highly curved, such as fibers or tubes, and ultimate details of their surface are in the vicinity of steep height variations. This limits lateral resolution, even when sharp probes are used. We overcome this problem by using multifrequency force microscopy on a textbook example, the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV). We achieved unprecedented resolution in local maps of amplitude and phase shift of the second excited mode, recorded together with sample topography. Our data, which combine multifrequency imaging and Fourier analysis, confirm the structure deduced from averaging techniques (XRD, cryoEM) for surface features of single virus particles, down to the helical pitch of the coat protein subunits, 2.3 nm. Remarkably, multifrequency AFM images do not require any image postprocessing.
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Zwitterionic ring-opening polymerization for the facile, efficient and versatile grafting of functional polyethers onto graphene sheets. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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