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Ma S, Hou Y, Hao J, Lin C, Zhao J, Sui X. Well-Defined Nanostructures by Block Copolymers and Mass Transport Applications in Energy Conversion. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214568. [PMID: 36365562 PMCID: PMC9655174 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
With the speedy progress in the research of nanomaterials, self-assembly technology has captured the high-profile interest of researchers because of its simplicity and ease of spontaneous formation of a stable ordered aggregation system. The self-assembly of block copolymers can be precisely regulated at the nanoscale to overcome the physical limits of conventional processing techniques. This bottom-up assembly strategy is simple, easy to control, and associated with high density and high order, which is of great significance for mass transportation through membrane materials. In this review, to investigate the regulation of block copolymer self-assembly structures, we systematically explored the factors that affect the self-assembly nanostructure. After discussing the formation of nanostructures of diverse block copolymers, this review highlights block copolymer-based mass transport membranes, which play the role of “energy enhancers” in concentration cells, fuel cells, and rechargeable batteries. We firmly believe that the introduction of block copolymers can facilitate the novel energy conversion to an entirely new plateau, and the research can inform a new generation of block copolymers for more promotion and improvement in new energy applications.
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Murphy JG, Raybin JG, Sibener SJ. Correlating polymer structure, dynamics, and function with atomic force microscopy. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia G. Murphy
- The James Franck Institute and Department of Chemistry The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Jonathan G. Raybin
- The James Franck Institute and Department of Chemistry The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Steven J. Sibener
- The James Franck Institute and Department of Chemistry The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
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Ho K, Kim KS, de Beer S, Walker GC. Chemical Composition and Strain at Interfaces between Different Morphologies in Block Copolymer Thin Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:12723-12731. [PMID: 34693716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Transitional composition between two thin-film morphologies of the block copolymer, polystyrene-block-poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (PS-b-PtBuA), was investigated using near-field infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy mechanical measurements. These techniques allowed block identification with nanoscale spatial resolution and elucidated the material's sub-surface composition. PS was found to form coronae around the PtBuA block in spherical valleys on flat areas of the film, and coronae of PtBuA surrounding the PS lamellae were observed at the edge of the polymer film, where parallel lamellae are formed. Furthermore, we found that the peak position and width varied by location, which may be a result of block composition, chain tension, or substrate interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Kris S Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sissi de Beer
- Sustainable Polymer Chemistry, Department of Molecules & Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Gilbert C Walker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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Leuschel B, Gwiazda A, Heni W, Diot F, Yu SY, Bidaud C, Vonna L, Ponche A, Haidara H, Soppera O. Deep-UV photoinduced chemical patterning at the micro- and nanoscale for directed self-assembly. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10444. [PMID: 29992969 PMCID: PMC6041335 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep-UV (DUV) laser patterning has been widely used in recent years for micro- and nanopatterning, taking advantage of the specific properties of irradiation with high-energy photons. In this paper, we show the usefulness of DUV laser patterning for preparing surfaces with controlled chemical properties at the micro- and nanoscale. Our motivation was to develop a simple and versatile method for chemical patterning at multiscales (from mm to nm) over relatively wide areas (mm2 to cm2). The chemical properties were provided by self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), prepared on glass or silicon wafers. We first investigated their modification under our irradiation conditions (ArF laser) using AFM, XPS and contact angle measurements. Photopatterning was then demonstrated with minimum feature sizes as small as 75 nm, and we showed the possibility to regraft a second SAM on the irradiated regions. Finally, we used these chemically patterned surfaces for directed self-assembly of several types of objects, such as block copolymers, sol-gel materials and liquids by vapor condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Leuschel
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS-UMR 7361, Université de Haute Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057, Mulhouse, France
| | - Agnieszka Gwiazda
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS-UMR 7361, Université de Haute Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057, Mulhouse, France
| | - Wajdi Heni
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS-UMR 7361, Université de Haute Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057, Mulhouse, France
| | - Frédéric Diot
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS-UMR 7361, Université de Haute Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057, Mulhouse, France
| | - Shang-Yu Yu
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS-UMR 7361, Université de Haute Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057, Mulhouse, France
| | - Clémentine Bidaud
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS-UMR 7361, Université de Haute Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057, Mulhouse, France
| | - Laurent Vonna
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS-UMR 7361, Université de Haute Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057, Mulhouse, France
| | - Arnaud Ponche
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS-UMR 7361, Université de Haute Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057, Mulhouse, France
| | - Hamidou Haidara
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS-UMR 7361, Université de Haute Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057, Mulhouse, France
| | - Olivier Soppera
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS-UMR 7361, Université de Haute Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057, Mulhouse, France.
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Nonnenmann SS. A hot tip: imaging phenomena using in situ multi-stimulus probes at high temperatures. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:3164-3180. [PMID: 26795921 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08172f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Accurate high temperature characterization of materials remains a critical challenge to the continued advancement of various important energy, nuclear, electronic, and aerospace applications. Future experimental studies must assist these communities to progress past empiricism and derive deliberate, predictable designs of material classes functioning within active, extreme environments. Successful realization of systems ranging from fuel cells and batteries to electromechanical nanogenerators and turbines requires a dynamic understanding of the excitation, surface-mediated, and charge transfer phenomena which occur at heterophase interfaces (i.e. vapor-solid, liquid-solid, solid-solid) and impact overall performance. Advancing these frontiers therefore necessitates in situ (operando) characterization methods capable of resolving, both spatially and functionally, the coherence between these complex, collective excitations, and their respective response dynamics, through studies within the operating regime. This review highlights recent developments in scanning probe microscopy in performing in situ imaging at high elevated temperatures. The influence of and evolution from vacuum-based electron and tunneling microscopy are briefly summarized and discussed. The scope includes the use of high temperature imaging to directly observe critical phase transition, electronic, and electrochemical behavior under dynamic temperature settings, thus providing key physical parameters. Finally, both challenges and directions in combined instrumentation are proposed and discussed towards the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S Nonnenmann
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, 219 Engineering Laboratory I, 160 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA 01003-2210, USA.
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Hiroshiba N, Okubo R, Hattori AN, Tanaka H, Nakagawa M. Monitoring Thermally Induced Cylindrical Microphase Separation of Polystyrene-<i>block</i>-poly(methyl methacrylate) by Atomic Force Microscopy. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2016. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.29.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuya Hiroshiba
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University
| | - Ryo Okubo
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University
| | - Azusa N. Hattori
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University
| | - Hidekazu Tanaka
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University
| | - Masaru Nakagawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University
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Young MJ, Pfromm PH, Rezac ME, Law BM. Analysis of atomic force microscopy phase data to dynamically detect adsorbed hydrogen under ambient conditions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:11906-11912. [PMID: 25225946 DOI: 10.1021/la502307n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of the interactions of hydrogen with catalytic metal surfaces and the mass transfer processes involved in heterogeneous catalysis are important for catalyst development. Although a range of technologies for studying catalytic surfaces exist, much of it relies on high-vacuum conditions that preclude in situ research. In contrast, atomic force microscopy (AFM) provides an opportunity for direct observation of surfaces under or near actual reaction conditions. Tapping-mode AFM was explored here because it expands AFM beyond the usual topographic information toward speciation and other more subtle surface information. This work describes using phase-angle information from tapping-mode AFM to follow the interactions of hydrogen with palladium, polycarbonate, and iron. Real-time AFM phase-angle information allowed for the observation of multiphase mass transfer to and from the surface of palladium at atmospheric pressure and room temperature without the need for complex sample preparation. The AFM observations are quantitatively benchmarked against and confirm mass transfer predictions based on bulk hydrogen diffusion data. Additionally, they support recent studies that demonstrate the existence of multiple hydrogen states during interactions with palladium surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Young
- IGERT in Biorefining, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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