1
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Aledavoud SP, Salehi Rozveh Z, Karimi M, Safarifard V. Post-Synthetic Defunctionalization of Ammonium-Functionalized Zr-Based Metal-Organic Framework MIP-202 for Knoevenagel Condensation Reaction. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2022.2121278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Salehi Rozveh
- Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meghdad Karimi
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Safarifard
- Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Arora A, Singh K. Click Chemistry Mediated by Photochemical Energy. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Arora
- Department of Natural and Applied Science University of Dubuque 2000 University Ave. Dubuque, IA 52001 USA
| | - Kamaljeet Singh
- TLC Pharmaceutical Standards 130 Pony Drive, Newmarket ON Canada L3Y 7B6 USA
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3
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Abstract
The merging of click chemistry with discrete photochemical processes has led to the creation of a new class of click reactions, collectively known as photoclick chemistry. These light-triggered click reactions allow the synthesis of diverse organic structures in a rapid and precise manner under mild conditions. Because light offers unparalleled spatiotemporal control over the generation of the reactive intermediates, photoclick chemistry has become an indispensable tool for a wide range of spatially addressable applications including surface functionalization, polymer conjugation and cross-linking, and biomolecular labeling in the native cellular environment. Over the past decade, a growing number of photoclick reactions have been developed, especially those based on the 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions and Diels-Alder reactions owing to their excellent reaction kinetics, selectivity, and biocompatibility. This review summarizes the recent advances in the development of photoclick reactions and their applications in chemical biology and materials science. A particular emphasis is placed on the historical contexts and mechanistic insights into each of the selected reactions. The in-depth discussion presented here should stimulate further development of the field, including the design of new photoactivation modalities, the continuous expansion of λ-orthogonal tandem photoclick chemistry, and the innovative use of these unique tools in bioconjugation and nanomaterial synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangam Srikanth Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
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4
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Nayab S, Trouillet V, Gliemann H, Weidler PG, Azeem I, Tariq SR, Goldmann AS, Barner-Kowollik C, Yameen B. Reversible Diels-Alder and Michael Addition Reactions Enable the Facile Postsynthetic Modification of Metal-Organic Frameworks. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:4397-4409. [PMID: 33729794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Functionalization of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is critical in exploring their structural and chemical diversity for numerous potential applications. Herein, we report multiple approaches for the tandem postsynthetic modification (PSM) of various MOFs derived from Zr(IV), Al(III), and Zn(II). Our current work is based on our efforts to develop a wide range of MOF platforms with a dynamic functional nature that can be chemically switched via thermally triggered reversible Diels-Alder (DA) and hetero-Diels-Alder (HDA) ligations. Furan-tagged MOFs (furan-UiO-66-Zr) were conjugated with maleimide groups bearing dienophiles to prepare MOFs with a chemically switchable nature. As HDA pairs, phosphoryl dithioester-based moieties and cyclopentadiene (Cp)-grafted MOF (Cp-MIL-53-Al) were utilized to demonstrate the cleavage and rebonding of the linkages as a function of temperature. In addition to these strategies, the Michael addition reaction was also applied for the tandem PSM of IRMOF-3-Zn. Maleimide groups were postsynthetically introduced in the MOF lattice, which were further ligated with cysteine-based biomolecules via the thiol-maleimide Michael addition reaction. On the basis of the versatility of the herein presented chemistry, we expect that these approaches will help in designing a variety of sophisticated functional MOF materials addressing diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Nayab
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Punjab 54792, Pakistan.,Department of Chemistry, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
| | - Vanessa Trouillet
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Gliemann
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Peter G Weidler
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Iqra Azeem
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Punjab 54792, Pakistan
| | - Saadia R Tariq
- Department of Chemistry, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
| | - Anja S Goldmann
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Basit Yameen
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore, Punjab 54792, Pakistan
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5
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Maity T, Ghosh P, Das S, Saha D, Koner S. A post-synthetically modified metal–organic framework for copper catalyzed denitrative C–N coupling of nitroarenes under heterogeneous conditions. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05711h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Post-synthesis modification of DMOF, afforded a desired material for strategic infusion of catalytically active centers in a porous matrix. The catalyst is capable for denitrative C–N coupling reactions of nitroarenes under heterogeneous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Maity
- Department of Chemistry
- Jadavpur University
- Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032
- India
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit
| | - Pameli Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- Jadavpur University
- Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032
- India
| | - Soma Das
- Department of Chemistry
- Jadavpur University
- Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032
- India
| | - Debraj Saha
- Department of Chemistry
- Jadavpur University
- Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032
- India
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Subratanath Koner
- Department of Chemistry
- Jadavpur University
- Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032
- India
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6
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Al-Ghazzawi F, Conte L, Wagner KK, Richardson C, Wagner P. Rapid spatially-resolved post-synthetic patterning of metal-organic framework films. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4706-4709. [PMID: 33977974 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01349a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reactive inkjet printing was used for fast and facile spatially-controlled post-synthetic patterning of metal-organic framework films. Here, we report use of the reactive inkjet printing technique to rapidly produce patterned electroactive MOF films by covalent attachment of redox-responsive ferrocenyl groups to UiO-66-NH2 on FTO glass. This study paves the way for the wide applicability of reactive printing to MOF film modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah Al-Ghazzawi
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, AIIM Faculty, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Faculty, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia and Al-Nasiriyah Technical Institute, Southern Technical University, 64001, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Luke Conte
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Klaudia K Wagner
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, AIIM Faculty, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Faculty, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Christopher Richardson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Pawel Wagner
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, AIIM Faculty, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. and Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Faculty, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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7
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Jiang T, Laughlin ST. Enzyme- or light-triggered cyclopropenes for bioorthogonal ligation. Methods Enzymol 2020; 641:1-34. [PMID: 32713519 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Since first reported at the beginning of the 21st century, bioorthogonal reactions have become powerful tools for investigating biological systems. Here, we review several classic and current bioorthogonal reactions, including the Staudinger-Bertozzi ligation, strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC), 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, and tetrazine-alkene ligation. We discuss the capabilities and limitations of the subset of current bioorthogonal reactions that can be "turned on" by exposure to light or an enzyme. Finally, we focus on our recently developed turn-on cyclopropenes, which can be activated for reaction with tetrazines by exposure to light or enzymes, like nitroreductase, depending on the modular reaction caging group appended to the cyclopropene. We discuss the caged cyclopropene's molecular design and synthesis, and we discuss experiments to evaluate and verify reactivity both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Scott T Laughlin
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States; Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States.
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8
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Abstract
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been of great interest for their outstanding properties, such as large surface area, low density, tunable pore size and functionality, excellent structural flexibility, and good chemical stability. A significant advancement in the preparation of MOF thin films according to the needs of a variety of applications has been achieved in the past decades. Yet there is still high demand in advancing the understanding of the processes to realize more scalable, controllable, and greener synthesis. This review provides a summary of the current progress on the manufacturing of MOF thin films, including the various thin-film deposition processes, the approaches to modify the MOF structure and pore functionality, and the means to prepare patterned MOF thin films. The suitability of different synthesis techniques under various processing environments is analyzed. Finally, we discuss opportunities for future development in the manufacturing of MOF thin films.
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9
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Sharma K, Strizhak AV, Fowler E, Wang X, Xu W, Hatt Jensen C, Wu Y, Sore HF, Lau YH, Hyvönen M, Itzhaki LS, Spring DR. Water-soluble, stable and azide-reactive strained dialkynes for biocompatible double strain-promoted click chemistry. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 17:8014-8018. [PMID: 31418442 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01745c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Sondheimer dialkyne is extensively used in double strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloadditions. This reagent suffers with poor water-solubility and rapidly decomposes in aqueous solutions. This intrinsically limits its application in biological systems, and no effective solutions are currently available. Herein, we report the development of novel highly water-soluble, stable, and azide-reactive strained dialkyne reagents. To demonstrate their extensive utility, we applied our novel dialkynes to a double strain-promoted macrocyclisation strategy to generate functionalised p53-based stapled peptides for inhibiting the oncogenic p53-MDM2 interaction. These functionalised stapled peptides bind MDM2 with low nanomolar affinity and show p53 activation in a cellular environment. Overall, our highly soluble, stable and azide-reactive dialkynes offer significant advantages over the currently used Sondheimer dialkyne, and could be utilised for numerous biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
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10
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Xiao J, Liu J, Liu M, Ji G, Liu Z. Fabrication of a Luminescence-Silent System Based on a Post-Synthetic Modification Cd-MOFs: A Highly Selective and Sensitive Turn-on Luminescent Probe for Ascorbic Acid Detection. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:6167-6174. [PMID: 30998327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A unique three-dimensional luminescent metal-organic framework (Cd-MOFs), [Cd(tpbpc)2]·2H2O·DMF (Htpbpc = 4'-[4,2';6',4″]-terpyridin-4'-yl-biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid; DMF = dimethylformamide), was synthesized and structurally characterized; it exhibits excellent luminescent property and structural stability in aqueous solutions. Interestingly, an unparalleled luminescence-silent system CrO42-@Cd-MOFs was successfully fabricated by postsynthetic modification of metal-organic frameworks. This luminescence-silent system represents a highly selective and sensitive turn-on luminescent responding to ascorbic acid. First, this advanced fluorescent sensor displays excellent performance for CrO42- ions with a quenching of fluorescence intensity originating from fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism. What's more, the fluorescent intensity of CrO42-@Cd-MOFs system can be recovered (turn-on) for sensing ascorbic acid because of the elimination of FRET process. Such a novel fabrication strategy should offer the guidance to develop various MOFs-implicated luminescence-silent systems as "turn-on" sensors for detection of specific chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Xiao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Inner Mongolia University , Hohhot 010021 , China
| | - Jingjuan Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Inner Mongolia University , Hohhot 010021 , China
| | - Meiying Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Inner Mongolia University , Hohhot 010021 , China
| | - Guanfeng Ji
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Inner Mongolia University , Hohhot 010021 , China
| | - Zhiliang Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Inner Mongolia University , Hohhot 010021 , China
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11
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Evans JD, Garai B, Reinsch H, Li W, Dissegna S, Bon V, Senkovska I, Fischer RA, Kaskel S, Janiak C, Stock N, Volkmer D. Metal–organic frameworks in Germany: From synthesis to function. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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12
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Li PZ, Wang XJ, Zhao Y. Click chemistry as a versatile reaction for construction and modification of metal-organic frameworks. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Rozen E, Erlich Y, Reesbeck ME, Holland PL, Sukenik CN. Functionalized Self-Assembled Monolayers Bearing Diiminate Complexes Immobilized through Covalently Anchored Ligands. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:13472-13480. [PMID: 29048903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The application of synthetic organic chemistry to the surface chemistry of monolayer arrays adds a novel dimension to the power of these systems for surface modification. This paper describes the elaboration of simple functionalized monolayers into dialdimine and dialdiminate ligands tethered to the monolayer surface. These ligands are then used to coordinate metal ions in an effort to form diiminate complexes with control over their environment and orientation. Ligand anchoring is best achieved through either thiol-ene photochemistry or azide-acetylene "click" chemistry. There is an influence of ligand bulk on some surface transformations, and in some cases reactions that have been reported to be effective on simple, homogeneous monolayer surfaces are not applicable to a more complex monolayer environment. The large excess of solution reagents relative to monolayer surface functionality adds another measure of difficulty to the control of interfacial reactions. In instances where the anchoring chain includes functional groups that can directly interact with metal ions, the metalation of ligand-bearing surfaces resulted in a higher metal ion content than would have been expected from binding only to the diimine ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elitsour Rozen
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials , Bar-Ilan University , Ramat-Gan 52900 , Israel
| | - Yaron Erlich
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials , Bar-Ilan University , Ramat-Gan 52900 , Israel
| | - Megan E Reesbeck
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , 225 Prospect Street , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Patrick L Holland
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , 225 Prospect Street , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Chaim N Sukenik
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials , Bar-Ilan University , Ramat-Gan 52900 , Israel
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14
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Abstract
Gas membrane-based separation is considered one of the most effective technologies to address energy efficiency and large footprint challenges. Various classes of advanced materials, including polymers, zeolites, porous carbons, and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been investigated as potential suitable candidates for gas membrane-based separations. MOFs possess a uniquely tunable nature in which the pore size and environment can be controlled by connecting metal ions (or metal ion clusters) with organic linkers of various functionalities. This unique characteristic makes them attractive for the fabrication of thin membranes, as both the diffusion and solubility components of permeability can be altered. Numerous studies have been published on the synthesis and applications of MOFs, as well as the fabrication of MOF-based thin films. However, few studies have addressed their gas separation properties for potential applications in membrane-based separation technologies. Here, we present a synopsis of the different types of MOF-based membranes that have been fabricated over the past decade. In this review, we start with a short introduction touching on the gas separation membrane technology. We also shed light on the various techniques developed for the fabrication of MOF as membranes, and the key challenges that still need to be tackled before MOF-based membranes can successfully be used in gas separation and implemented in an industrial setting.
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15
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Grosjean S, Hassan Z, Wöll C, Bräse S. Diverse Multi-Functionalized Oligoarenes and Heteroarenes for Porous Crystalline Materials. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Grosjean
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory; Institute for Biological Interfaces 3 (IBG 3); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Zahid Hassan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory; Institute for Biological Interfaces 3 (IBG 3); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Toxicology & Genetics (ITG); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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16
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Park S, Song H, Ko N, Kim C, Kim K, Lee E. SuFEx in Metal-Organic Frameworks: Versatile Postsynthetic Modification Tool. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:33785-33789. [PMID: 30230813 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A new type of click reaction, sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx), has been utilized to prepare five postsynthetically modified UiO-67 series metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The postsynthetic modification (PSM) via SuFEx can be achieved selectively for the sulfonyl fluoride (R-SO2F) without degrading the MOF structure as confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The present SuFEx method provides a straightforward tool for introducing new functionality inside MOFs. Introduction of an imidazolium group into the MOF afforded a heterogeneous catalyst for the benzoin condensation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjae Park
- Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 790-784 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Song
- Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 790-784 , Republic of Korea
| | - Nakeun Ko
- Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 790-784 , Republic of Korea
| | - Changhee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science , Seoul National University , Seoul 440-746 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kimoon Kim
- Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 790-784 , Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 790-784 , Republic of Korea
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17
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Chin M, Cisneros C, Araiza SM, Vargas KM, Ishihara KM, Tian F. Rhodamine B degradation by nanosized zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8). RSC Adv 2018; 8:26987-26997. [PMID: 30174827 PMCID: PMC6088371 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03459a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adsorption and photodegradation of rhodamine B by ZIF-8 nanocrystals were studied using spectroscopic techniques coupled with density functional theory (DFT) cluster calculations. A fast adsorption rate was observed in the dark, but upon exposure to visible light or UV irradiation the adsorption rate noticeably increased. Although several studies previously reported this phenomenon involving bulk ZIF-8 powder, this is the first mechanistic study to our knowledge that demonstrates adsorption and degradation of rhodamine B by nanosized ZIF-8 under various light conditions. The combined study of N2 sorption pore analysis and surface-sensitive X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the surface adsorption was mainly due to the open metal sites and surface groups of nanoporous ZIF-8. The fluorescence studies suggested ZIF-8 nanocrystals were able to generate hydroxyl radicals in water but only under UV illumination. The work presented here provides an insight into understanding nanoscale metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in the removal of organic molecules from wastewater. ZIF-8 nanocrystals have exhibited different mechanisms for rhodamine B degradation in water under various circumstances.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Chin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA.
| | - Cecilia Cisneros
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA.
| | - Stephanie M Araiza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA.
| | - Kevin M Vargas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA.
| | - Kristi M Ishihara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA.
| | - Fangyuan Tian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA.
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18
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von Zons T, Brokmann L, Lippke J, Preuße T, Hülsmann M, Schaate A, Behrens P, Godt A. Postsynthetic Modification of Metal–Organic Frameworks through Nitrile Oxide–Alkyne Cycloaddition. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:3348-3359. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias von Zons
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Materials (CM2), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Luisa Brokmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Materials (CM2), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jann Lippke
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and ZFM-Center for Solid State Chemistry and New Materials, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 9, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Preuße
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Materials (CM2), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Miriam Hülsmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Materials (CM2), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andreas Schaate
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and ZFM-Center for Solid State Chemistry and New Materials, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 9, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Behrens
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and ZFM-Center for Solid State Chemistry and New Materials, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 9, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Adelheid Godt
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Materials (CM2), Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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19
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Lausund KB, Petrovic V, Nilsen O. All-gas-phase synthesis of amino-functionalized UiO-66 thin films. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:16983-16992. [PMID: 29177287 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03518g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thin films of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) prepared using all-gas-phase techniques such as atomic/molecular layer deposition (ALD/MLD) are emerging due to their potential for enabling suitable applications. Their high and specific porosity enables their use as membranes for separations and as a basis for sensors in microelectronics, provided that films can be made. The properties of such MOF materials can be tuned by choosing linker molecules that are functionalized with a variety of chemical groups. However, thin films of these functionalised MOFs have so far been prepared through wet based chemistries, which are difficult to combine with microelectronics and high aspect ratio structures. We here report on the thin film deposition of amino-functionalised UiO-66 through an all-gas-phase ALD/MLD process. By using amino-functionalised linkers, modulation by acetic acid to control the stoichiometry of the deposited film was no longer required, as opposed to the case in which unmodified terephthalic acid was used as a linker. The growth and properties of the films were characterised using an in situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and other techniques to obtain information on their growth dynamics and physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Blindheim Lausund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Postboks 1033, Blindern, 0315 OSLO, Norway. and Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, Postboks 1033, Blindern, 0315 OSLO, Norway
| | - Veljko Petrovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Postboks 1033, Blindern, 0315 OSLO, Norway. and Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, Postboks 1033, Blindern, 0315 OSLO, Norway
| | - Ola Nilsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Postboks 1033, Blindern, 0315 OSLO, Norway. and Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, Postboks 1033, Blindern, 0315 OSLO, Norway
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20
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Dong Y, Cao L, Li J, Yang Y, Wang J. Facile preparation of UiO-66 /PAM monoliths via CO2-in-water HIPEs and their applications. RSC Adv 2018; 8:32358-32367. [PMID: 35547518 PMCID: PMC9086248 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05809a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel UiO-66/PAM composite monolith with high performance was synthesized through a HIPE template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals
- Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
- Xinjiang University
- Urumqi
- 830046 P. R. China
| | - Liqin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals
- Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
- Xinjiang University
- Urumqi
- 830046 P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Xinjiang Institute of Product Quality Supervision and Inspection
- Urumqi
- 830011 P. R. China
| | - Yongxia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals
- Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
- Xinjiang University
- Urumqi
- 830046 P. R. China
| | - Jide Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals
- Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
- Xinjiang University
- Urumqi
- 830046 P. R. China
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21
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Tansell AJ, Jones CL, Easun TL. MOF the beaten track: unusual structures and uncommon applications of metal-organic frameworks. Chem Cent J 2017; 11:100. [PMID: 29086865 PMCID: PMC5636780 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-017-0330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have proved themselves as strong contenders in the world of porous materials, standing alongside established classes of compounds such as zeolites and activated carbons. Following extensive investigation into the porosity of these materials and their gas uptake properties, the MOF community are now branching away from these heavily researched areas, and venturing into unexplored avenues. Ranging from novel synthetic routes to post-synthetic functionalisation of frameworks, host-guest properties to sensing abilities, this review takes a sidestep away from increasingly 'traditional' approaches in the field, and details some of the more curious qualities of this relatively young family of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Tansell
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT UK
| | - Corey L. Jones
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT UK
| | - Timothy L. Easun
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT UK
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22
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Obersteiner V, Jeindl A, Götz J, Perveaux A, Hofmann OT, Zojer E. Electrostatic Design of 3D Covalent Organic Networks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29. [PMID: 28488780 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201700888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An innovative strategy for electrostatically designing the electronic structure of 3D bulk materials is proposed to control charge carriers at the nanoscale. This is achieved by shifting the electronic levels of chemically identical semiconducting elements through the periodic arrangement of polar functional groups. For the example of covalent organic networks, by first-principles calculations, the resulting collective electrostatic effects are shown to allow a targeted manipulation of the electronic landscape such that spatially confined pathways for electrons and holes can be realized. Mimicking donor-acceptor bulk heterojunctions, the new materials hold high promise for photovoltaic applications. The distinct advantage over the conventional approach of splitting excitons through chemically distinct donor and acceptor units is that here the magnitude of the band offset can be continuously tuned by varying the dipole density. A particularly promising feature of the suggested strategy is its structural versatility, which also enables the realization of more complex quantum structures such as quantum-cascades and quantum-checkerboards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Obersteiner
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Jeindl
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes Götz
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Aurelie Perveaux
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Oliver T Hofmann
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Egbert Zojer
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010, Graz, Austria
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23
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Molecular weaving via surface-templated epitaxy of crystalline coordination networks. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14442. [PMID: 28198388 PMCID: PMC5316853 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the dream reactions in polymer chemistry is the bottom-up, self-assembled synthesis of polymer fabrics, with interwoven, one-dimensional fibres of monomolecular thickness forming planar pieces of textiles. We have made a major step towards realizing this goal by assembling sophisticated, quadritopic linkers into surface-mounted metal-organic frameworks. By sandwiching these quadritopic linkers between sacrificial metal-organic framework thin films, we obtained multi-heteroepitaxial, crystalline systems. In a next step, Glaser–Hay coupling of triple bonds in the quadritopic linkers yields linear, interwoven polymer chains. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that this topochemical reaction leaves the MOF backbone completely intact. After removing the metal ions, the textile sheets can be transferred onto different supports and imaged using scanning electron microscopy and atomic-force microscopy. The individual polymer strands forming the two-dimensional textiles have lengths on the order of 200 nm, as evidenced by atomic-force microscopy images recorded from the disassembled textiles. The self-assembly of polymer threads into interwoven textiles is an important goal in polymer chemistry. Here the authors assemble interwoven polymer chains by cross-linking acetylene functionalized ligands in surface-mounted MOFs and subsequent removal of the metal ions affords 2D textile sheets.
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24
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Wu JX, Yan B. A dual-emission probe to detect moisture and water in organic solvents based on green-Tb3+ post-coordinated metal–organic frameworks with red carbon dots. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:7098-7105. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01352c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A new dual-emission Tb3+@p-CDs/MOF (red carbon dots, green Tb3+) serves as a luminescent sensor for water and humidity, due to the agglomeration effect of p-CDs in different solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xing Wu
- China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Functional Molecules and Ordered Matters
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- P. R. China
| | - Bing Yan
- China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Functional Molecules and Ordered Matters
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- P. R. China
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25
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Tăbăcaru A, Furdui B, Ghinea IO, Cârâc G, Dinică RM. Recent advances in click chemistry reactions mediated by transition metal based systems. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Dzhardimalieva GI, Uflyand IE. Design and synthesis of coordination polymers with chelated units and their application in nanomaterials science. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05302a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The advances and problems associated with the preparation, properties and structure of coordination polymers with chelated units are presented and assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulzhian I. Dzhardimalieva
- Laboratory of Metallopolymers
- The Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS
- Chernogolovka
- 142432 Russian Federation
| | - Igor E. Uflyand
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern Federal University
- Rostov-on-Don
- 344006 Russian Federation
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27
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Nayab S, Trouillet V, Gliemann H, Hurrle S, Weidler PG, Rashid Tariq S, Goldmann AS, Barner-Kowollik C, Yameen B. Chemically reprogrammable metal organic frameworks (MOFs) based on Diels–Alder chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:11461-11464. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06150a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We pioneer a new class of reprogrammable MOFs able to switch their interlattice chemistry via a facile Diels–Alder based cycloreversion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Nayab
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- SBA School of Science and Engineering Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS)
- Lahore
- Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Vanessa Trouillet
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Hartmut Gliemann
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Silvana Hurrle
- Macromolecular Architectures
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Peter G. Weidler
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | | | - Anja S. Goldmann
- Macromolecular Architectures
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Macromolecular Architectures
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Basit Yameen
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- SBA School of Science and Engineering Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS)
- Lahore
- Pakistan
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28
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Luo W, Gobbo P, McNitt CD, Sutton DA, Popik VV, Workentin MS. “Shine & Click” Photo-Induced Interfacial Unmasking of Strained Alkynes on Small Water-Soluble Gold Nanoparticles. Chemistry 2016; 23:1052-1059. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials and Biomaterials Research; Western University; 1151 Richmond St. London ON N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Pierangelo Gobbo
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials and Biomaterials Research; Western University; 1151 Richmond St. London ON N6A 5B7 Canada
| | | | - Dewey A. Sutton
- Department of Chemistry; University of Georgia; Athens GA 30602 United States
| | - Vladimir V. Popik
- Department of Chemistry; University of Georgia; Athens GA 30602 United States
| | - Mark S. Workentin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Materials and Biomaterials Research; Western University; 1151 Richmond St. London ON N6A 5B7 Canada
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29
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Sutton DA, Popik VV. Sequential Photochemistry of Dibenzo[a,e]dicyclopropa[c,g][8]annulene-1,6-dione: Selective Formation of Didehydrodibenzo[a,e][8]annulenes with Ultrafast SPAAC Reactivity. J Org Chem 2016; 81:8850-8857. [PMID: 27635662 PMCID: PMC5999039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An order of magnitude difference in photoreactivity between bis- (photo-DIBOD, 1) and mono-cyclopropenone-caged dibenzocyclooctadiynes (MC-DIBOD, 5) allows for selective monodecarbonylation of 1. Alternatively, 5 is prepared by selective mono-cyclopropanation of dibenzo[a,e]cyclooctadiyne (DIBOD). MC-DIBOD (5) permits efficient sequential SPAAC cross-linking of azide-derivatized substrates. Cycloaddition to 5 converts an azide moiety into a photocaged form of triazole-fused dibenzo[a,e]cyclooctyne (3). While the azide reactivity of MC-DIBOD (5) and DIBOD is similar to that of other dibenzocyclooctynes, fusion of triazole to the dibenzocyclooctyne system in 3 results in a 3 orders of magnitude enhancement in SPAAC rates. In methanol, 3 reacts with butyl azide at an astonishing rate of 34 M-1 s-1, thus representing the most reactive cyclooctyne analogue reported so far. MC-DIBOD (5) was utilized in the preparation of mixed bis-triazoles and derivatization of the protein BSA with fluorescent dye and polyethylene glycol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewey A. Sutton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
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30
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He J, Waggoner NW, Dunning SG, Steiner A, Lynch VM, Humphrey SM. A PCP Pincer Ligand for Coordination Polymers with Versatile Chemical Reactivity: Selective Activation of CO
2
Gas over CO Gas in the Solid State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng He
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin NHB 6.336, 100 E. 24th St. Stop A1590 Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Nolan W. Waggoner
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin NHB 6.336, 100 E. 24th St. Stop A1590 Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Samuel G. Dunning
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin NHB 6.336, 100 E. 24th St. Stop A1590 Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Alexander Steiner
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown St. Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Vincent M. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin NHB 6.336, 100 E. 24th St. Stop A1590 Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Simon M. Humphrey
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin NHB 6.336, 100 E. 24th St. Stop A1590 Austin TX 78712 USA
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31
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He J, Waggoner NW, Dunning SG, Steiner A, Lynch VM, Humphrey SM. A PCP Pincer Ligand for Coordination Polymers with Versatile Chemical Reactivity: Selective Activation of CO
2
Gas over CO Gas in the Solid State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12351-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng He
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin NHB 6.336, 100 E. 24th St. Stop A1590 Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Nolan W. Waggoner
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin NHB 6.336, 100 E. 24th St. Stop A1590 Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Samuel G. Dunning
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin NHB 6.336, 100 E. 24th St. Stop A1590 Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Alexander Steiner
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown St. Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Vincent M. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin NHB 6.336, 100 E. 24th St. Stop A1590 Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Simon M. Humphrey
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin NHB 6.336, 100 E. 24th St. Stop A1590 Austin TX 78712 USA
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32
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Sakamoto R, Takada K, Sun X, Pal T, Tsukamoto T, Phua EJH, Rapakousiou A, Hoshiko K, Nishihara H. The coordination nanosheet (CONASH). Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncong Jiang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California—Berkeley, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yingbo Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California—Berkeley, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Omar M. Yaghi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California—Berkeley, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
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34
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Zhuang JL, Terfort A, Wöll C. Formation of oriented and patterned films of metal–organic frameworks by liquid phase epitaxy: A review. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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35
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Gui B, Meng X, Xu H, Wang C. Postsynthetic Modification of Metal-Organic Frameworks through Click Chemistry. CHINESE J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201500621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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36
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Wang Z, Grosjean S, Bräse S, Heinke L. Photoswitchable Adsorption in Metal-Organic Frameworks Based on Polar Guest-Host Interactions. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:3779-83. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbang Wang
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Sylvain Grosjean
- Soft Matter Synthesis Lab; Institute of Biological Interfaces 3 (IBG 3); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Lars Heinke
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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37
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Castellanos S, Sai Sankar Gupta KB, Pustovarenko A, Dikhtiarenko A, Nasalevich M, Atienzar P, García H, Gascon J, Kapteijn F. Anchoring of Diphenylphosphinyl Groups to NH2-MIL-53 by Post-Synthetic Modification. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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38
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Liu C, Luo TY, Feura ES, Zhang C, Rosi NL. Orthogonal Ternary Functionalization of a Mesoporous Metal–Organic Framework via Sequential Postsynthetic Ligand Exchange. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:10508-11. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman
Ave., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Tian-Yi Luo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman
Ave., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Evan S. Feura
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman
Ave., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman
Ave., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Nathaniel L. Rosi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman
Ave., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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39
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Li B, Gui B, Hu G, Yuan D, Wang C. Postsynthetic Modification of an Alkyne-Tagged Zirconium Metal-Organic Framework via a "Click" Reaction. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:5139-41. [PMID: 25955401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and postsynthetic modification of a novel alkyne-tagged zirconium metal-organic framework, UiO-68-alkyne. The alkynyl groups in the pore surface were subjected to a "click" reaction, achieving quantitative conversion and maintaining the crystallinity of the framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijian Li
- †Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bo Gui
- †Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Guiping Hu
- †Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Daqiang Yuan
- ‡State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- †Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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40
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Hörner A, Hagendorn T, Schepers U, Bräse S. Photophysical properties and synthesis of new dye-cyclooctyne conjugates for multicolor and advanced microscopy. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:718-24. [PMID: 25734400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooctyne conjugates with fluorophores are often used for bioorthogonal labeling in cells and tissues. However, no comprehensive library of one cyclooctyne core structure with different fluorescent dyes spanning the whole visible spectrum up to the NIR had been described so far. Hence, we synthesized and evaluated one cyclooctyne core structure which is easily accessible for the attachment of different dyes for multicolor imaging, FRET analysis, and study of metabolism in vivo. For these reasons we developed an easy one step synthesis starting from a known cyclooctyne. In combination with NHS-activated dyes, the cyclooctyne reacted to the dye DAB-MFCO conjugates within only 1-2 h at room temperature with high yields. We created conjugates with dyes that have high brightness and are bleaching stable with wavelengths from green to NIR. The ability to label glycans on cell surfaces was tested. All dye DAB-MFCO conjugates undergo click reactions on azide functionalized glycan structures with satisfactory photophysical properties. In total, seven different dye DAB-MFCO conjugates were synthesized; their photophysical properties and suitability for click labeling in biological applications were evaluated, making them suitable for single molecule and high resolution measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hörner
- †Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.,‡Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tobias Hagendorn
- †Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ute Schepers
- †Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.,§Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- †Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.,§Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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41
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Schmitt S, Silvestre M, Tsotsalas M, Winkler AL, Shahnas A, Grosjean S, Laye F, Gliemann H, Lahann J, Bräse S, Franzreb M, Wöll C. Hierarchically functionalized magnetic core/multishell particles and their postsynthetic conversion to polymer capsules. ACS NANO 2015; 9:4219-4226. [PMID: 25801319 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The controlled synthesis of hierarchically functionalized core/multishell particles is highly desirable for applications in medicine, catalysis, and separation. Here, we describe the synthesis of hierarchically structured metal-organic framework multishells around magnetic core particles (magMOFs) via layer-by-layer (LbL) synthesis. The LbL deposition enables the design of multishell systems, where each MOF shell can be modified to install different functions. Here, we used this approach to create controlled release capsules, in which the inner shell serves as a reservoir and the outer shell serves as a membrane after postsynthetic conversion of the MOF structure to a polymer network. These capsules enable the controlled release of loaded dye molecules, depending on the surrounding media.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sylvain Grosjean
- ∥Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Bräse
- ∥Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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42
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Fei H, Pullen S, Wagner A, Ott S, Cohen SM. Functionalization of robust Zr(iv)-based metal–organic framework films via a postsynthetic ligand exchange. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:66-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08218d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile and efficient fabrication approach for homogeneous, crack-free UiO-66 films with exceptionally high crystallinity and tunable thickness on a transparent and conductive glass substrate is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghan Fei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- La Jolla
- USA 92093
| | - Sonja Pullen
- Department of Chemistry
- Angstrom Laboratories
- Uppsala University
- 751 20 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Andreas Wagner
- Department of Chemistry
- Angstrom Laboratories
- Uppsala University
- 751 20 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department of Chemistry
- Angstrom Laboratories
- Uppsala University
- 751 20 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Seth M. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- La Jolla
- USA 92093
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43
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Yue Y, Mehio N, Binder AJ, Dai S. Synthesis of metal–organic framework particles and thin films via nanoscopic metal oxide precursors. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ce02419b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal–organic framework films were fabricated on versatile substrates through the nanoscale-facilitated transformation of nanoscopic metal-oxide precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Yue
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge, USA
| | - Nada Mehio
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville, USA
| | | | - Sheng Dai
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge, USA
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tennessee
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44
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Cakici M, Gu ZG, Nieger M, Bürck J, Heinke L, Bräse S. Planar-chiral building blocks for metal–organic frameworks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:4796-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00694e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The first example of a planar-chiral building block being used for chiral metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Cakici
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Faculty of Sciences
| | - Zhi-Gang Gu
- Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IFG)
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- Fi-00014 Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Jochen Bürck
- Institute of Biological Interfaces 2 (IBG 2)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76021 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Lars Heinke
- Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IFG)
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics
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45
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So MC, Beyzavi MH, Sawhney R, Shekhah O, Eddaoudi M, Al-Juaid SS, Hupp JT, Farha OK. Post-assembly transformations of porphyrin-containing metal–organic framework (MOF) films fabricated via automated layer-by-layer coordination. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:85-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05727a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Solvent-assisted linker exchange and post-assembly linker metalation converts existing metal–organic framework (MOF) thin films into new or modified ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica C. So
- Department of Chemistry
- Northwestern University
- Evanston
- USA
| | | | - Rohan Sawhney
- Department of Chemistry
- Northwestern University
- Evanston
- USA
| | - Osama Shekhah
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Research Center
- 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Eddaoudi
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Research Center
- 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Joseph T. Hupp
- Department of Chemistry
- Northwestern University
- Evanston
- USA
| | - Omar K. Farha
- Department of Chemistry
- Northwestern University
- Evanston
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
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46
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Morris W, Briley WE, Auyeung E, Cabezas MD, Mirkin CA. Nucleic Acid–Metal Organic Framework (MOF) Nanoparticle Conjugates. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:7261-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ja503215w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William Morris
- Department
of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - William E. Briley
- Interdepartmental
Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Evelyn Auyeung
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus
Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Maria D. Cabezas
- Department
of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chad A. Mirkin
- Department
of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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47
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Heinrich T, Traulsen CHH, Darlatt E, Richter S, Poppenberg J, Traulsen NL, Linder I, Lippitz A, Dietrich PM, Dib B, Unger WES, Schalley CA. The versatility of “click” reactions: molecular recognition at interfaces. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01730g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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48
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Hagendorn T, Bräse S. A new route to dithia- and thiaoxacyclooctynes via Nicholas reaction. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01345j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
By using the Nicholas reaction we managed to design a concise synthesis that only uses three steps to build the eight-membered ring. It was also possible to functionalize said alkyne with a fluorophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Hagendorn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics
- KIT
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49
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Mugnaini V, Tsotsalas M, Bebensee F, Grosjean S, Shahnas A, Bräse S, Lahann J, Buck M, Wöll C. Electrochemical investigation of covalently post-synthetic modified SURGEL coatings. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:11129-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03521f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Thiol–yne click chemistry post synthesis modification (PSM) is used to further functionalize a fully organic porous polymer coating (SURGEL). By cyclic voltammetry the resulting electrochemical properties are addressed. The Nernstian diffusion limited process observed in the presence of ferrocene as electrolyte is explained in terms of a high permeability of the SURGELs for ferrocene after PSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Mugnaini
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - M. Tsotsalas
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - F. Bebensee
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - S. Grosjean
- Institute for Organic Chemistry (IOC)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
| | - A. Shahnas
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - S. Bräse
- Institute for Organic Chemistry (IOC)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
| | - J. Lahann
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - M. Buck
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- , UK
| | - C. Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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