1
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Martin J, Li YM, Gilchrist ML. Supported Biomembrane Systems Incorporating Multiarm Polymers and Bioorthogonal Tethering. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:11401-11410. [PMID: 38767862 PMCID: PMC11155251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
To functionalize interfaces with supported biomembranes and membrane proteins, the challenge is to build stabilized and supported systems that mimic the native lipid microenvironment. Our objective is to control substrate-to-biomembrane spacing and the tethering chemistry so proteoliposomes can be fused and conjugated without perturbation of membrane protein function. Furthermore, the substrates need to exhibit low protein and antibody nonspecific binding to use these systems in assays. We have employed protein orthogonal coupling schemes in concert with multiarm poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) technology to build supported biomembranes on microspheres. The lipid bilayer structures and tailored substrates of the microsphere-supported biomembranes were analyzed via flow cytometry, confocal fluorescence, and super-resolution imaging microscopy, and the lateral fluidity was quantified using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) techniques. Under these conditions, the 4-arm-PEG20,000-NH2 based configuration gave the most desirable tethering system based on lateral diffusivity and coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse
A. Martin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, 140th Street and Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Yue-Ming Li
- Chemical
Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering
Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - M. Lane Gilchrist
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, 140th Street and Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031, United States
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2
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Socrier L, Sharma A, Chen T, Flato K, Kettelhoit K, Enderlein J, Werz DB, Steinem C. Fluorophore position of headgroup-labeled Gb 3 glycosphingolipids in lipid bilayers. Biophys J 2023; 122:4104-4112. [PMID: 37735870 PMCID: PMC10598288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent lipid probes are an invaluable tool for investigating lipid membranes. In particular, localizing certain receptor lipids such as glycosphingolipids within phase-separated membranes is of pivotal interest to understanding the influence of protein-receptor lipid binding on membrane organization. However, fluorescent labeling can readily alter the phase behavior of a lipid membrane because of the interaction of the fluorescent moiety with the membrane interface. Here, we investigated Gb3 glycosphingolipids, serving as receptor lipids for the protein Shiga toxin, with a headgroup attached BODIPY fluorophore separated by a polyethylene glycol (PEG) spacer of different lengths. We found that the diffusion coefficients of the fluorescently labeled Gb3 species in 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/Gb3 (98:2, n/n) supported lipid bilayers are unaltered by the PEG spacer length. However, quenching as well as graphene-induced energy transfer experiments indicated that the length of the PEG spacer (n = 3 and n = 13) alters the position of the BODIPY fluorophore. In particular, the graphene-induced energy transfer technique provided accurate end-to-end distances between the fluorophores in the two leaflets of the bilayer thus enabling us to quantify the distance between the membrane interface and the fluorophore with sub-nanometer resolution. The spacer with three oligo ethylene glycol groups positioned the BODIPY fluorophore directly at the membrane interface favoring its interaction with the bilayer and thus may disturb lipid packing. However, the longer PEG spacer (n = 13) separated the BODIPY moiety from the membrane surface by 1.5 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Socrier
- Max-Planck-Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Akshita Sharma
- III. Institute of Physics - Biophysics, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tao Chen
- III. Institute of Physics - Biophysics, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kira Flato
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Enderlein
- III. Institute of Physics - Biophysics, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Steinem
- Max-Planck-Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany.
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3
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Sannigrahi A, Rai VH, Chalil MV, Chakraborty D, Meher SK, Roy R. A Versatile Suspended Lipid Membrane System for Probing Membrane Remodeling and Disruption. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1190. [PMID: 36557095 PMCID: PMC9784602 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Artificial membrane systems can serve as models to investigate molecular mechanisms of different cellular processes, including transport, pore formation, and viral fusion. However, the current, such as SUVs, GUVs, and the supported lipid bilayers suffer from issues, namely high curvature, heterogeneity, and surface artefacts, respectively. Freestanding membranes provide a facile solution to these issues, but current systems developed by various groups use silicon or aluminum oxide wafers for fabrication that involves access to a dedicated nanolithography facility and high cost while conferring poor membrane stability. Here, we report the development, characterization and applications of an easy-to-fabricate suspended lipid bilayer (SULB) membrane platform leveraging commercial track-etched porous filters (PCTE) with defined microwell size. Our SULB system offers a platform to study the lipid composition-dependent structural and functional properties of membranes with exceptional stability. With dye entrapped in PCTE microwells by SULB, we show that sphingomyelin significantly augments the activity of pore-forming toxin, Cytolysin A (ClyA) and the pore formation induces lipid exchange between the bilayer leaflets. Further, we demonstrate high efficiency and rapid kinetics of membrane fusion by dengue virus in our SULB platform. Our suspended bilayer membrane mimetic offers a novel platform to investigate a large class of biomembrane interactions and processes.
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4
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Pusterla J, Scoppola E, Appel C, Mukhina T, Shen C, Brezesinski G, Schneck E. Characterization of lipid bilayers adsorbed to functionalized air/water interfaces. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:15048-15059. [PMID: 36200471 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03334h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lipid bilayers immobilized in planar geometries, such as solid-supported or "floating" bilayers, have enabled detailed studies of biological membranes with numerous experimental techniques, notably X-ray and neutron reflectometry. However, the presence of a solid support also has disadvantages as it complicates the use of spectroscopic techniques as well as surface rheological measurements that would require surface deformations. Here, in order to overcome these limitations, we investigate lipid bilayers adsorbed to inherently soft and experimentally well accessible air/water interfaces that are functionalized with Langmuir monolayers of amphiphiles. The bilayers are characterized with ellipsometry, X-ray scattering, and X-ray fluorescence. Grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction reveals that lipid bilayers in a chain-ordered state can have significantly different structural features than regular Langmuir monolayers of the same composition. Our results suggest that bilayers at air/water interfaces may be well suited for fundamental studies in the field of membrane biophysics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Pusterla
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, TU Darmstadt, Hochschulstrasse 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Ernesto Scoppola
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christian Appel
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, TU Darmstadt, Hochschulstrasse 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Tetiana Mukhina
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, TU Darmstadt, Hochschulstrasse 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Chen Shen
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerald Brezesinski
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, TU Darmstadt, Hochschulstrasse 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Emanuel Schneck
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, TU Darmstadt, Hochschulstrasse 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
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5
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Köhler S, Fragneto G, Alcaraz JP, Nelson A, Martin DK, Maccarini M. Nanostructural Characterization of Cardiolipin-Containing Tethered Lipid Bilayers Adsorbed on Gold and Silicon Substrates for Protein Incorporation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:8908-8923. [PMID: 34286589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A key to the development of lipid membrane-based devices is a fundamental understanding of how the molecular structure of the lipid bilayer membrane is influenced by the type of lipids used to build the membrane. This is particularly important when membrane proteins are included in these devices since the precise lipid environment affects the ability to incorporate membrane proteins and their functionality. Here, we used neutron reflectometry to investigate the structure of tethered bilayer lipid membranes and to characterize the incorporation of the NhaA sodium proton exchanger in the bilayer. The lipid membranes were composed of two lipids, dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine and cardiolipin, and were adsorbed on gold and silicon substrates using two different tethering architectures based on functionalized oligoethylene glycol molecules of different lengths. In all of the investigated samples, the addition of cardiolipin caused distinct structural rearrangement including crowding of ethylene glycol groups of the tethering molecules in the inner head region and a thinning of the lipid tail region. The incorporation of NhaA in the tethered bilayers following two different protocols is quantified, and the way protein incorporation modulates the structural properties of these membranes is detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Köhler
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC/SyNaBi, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Alcaraz
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC/SyNaBi, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Andrew Nelson
- ANSTO-Sydney, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Donald K Martin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC/SyNaBi, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marco Maccarini
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC/SyNaBi, 38000 Grenoble, France
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6
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Why Do Tethered-Bilayer Lipid Membranes Suit for Functional Membrane Protein Reincorporation? APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11114876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins (MPs) are essential for cellular functions. Understanding the functions of MPs is crucial as they constitute an important class of drug targets. However, MPs are a challenging class of biomolecules to analyze because they cannot be studied outside their native environment. Their structure, function and activity are highly dependent on the local lipid environment, and these properties are compromised when the protein does not reside in the cell membrane. Mammalian cell membranes are complex and composed of different lipid species. Model membranes have been developed to provide an adequate environment to envisage MP reconstitution. Among them, tethered-Bilayer Lipid Membranes (tBLMs) appear as the best model because they allow the lipid bilayer to be decoupled from the support. Thus, they provide a sufficient aqueous space to envisage the proper accommodation of large extra-membranous domains of MPs, extending outside. Additionally, as the bilayer remains attached to tethers covalently fixed to the solid support, they can be investigated by a wide variety of surface-sensitive analytical techniques. This review provides an overview of the different approaches developed over the last two decades to achieve sophisticated tBLMs, with a more and more complex lipid composition and adapted for functional MP reconstitution.
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7
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Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Membrane-Bound Enzymes in Biomimetic Configurations. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20123393. [PMID: 32560121 PMCID: PMC7349357 DOI: 10.3390/s20123393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In nature, many enzymes are attached or inserted into the cell membrane, having hydrophobic subunits or lipid chains for this purpose. Their reconstitution on electrodes maintaining their natural structural characteristics allows for optimizing their electrocatalytic properties and stability. Different biomimetic strategies have been developed for modifying electrodes surfaces to accommodate membrane-bound enzymes, including the formation of self-assembled monolayers of hydrophobic compounds, lipid bilayers, or liposomes deposition. An overview of the different strategies used for the formation of biomimetic membranes, the reconstitution of membrane enzymes on electrodes, and their applications as biosensors is presented.
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8
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Krywko-Cendrowska A, di Leone S, Bina M, Yorulmaz-Avsar S, Palivan CG, Meier W. Recent Advances in Hybrid Biomimetic Polymer-Based Films: from Assembly to Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1003. [PMID: 32357541 PMCID: PMC7285097 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological membranes, in addition to being a cell boundary, can host a variety of proteins that are involved in different biological functions, including selective nutrient transport, signal transduction, inter- and intra-cellular communication, and cell-cell recognition. Due to their extreme complexity, there has been an increasing interest in developing model membrane systems of controlled properties based on combinations of polymers and different biomacromolecules, i.e., polymer-based hybrid films. In this review, we have highlighted recent advances in the development and applications of hybrid biomimetic planar systems based on different polymeric species. We have focused in particular on hybrid films based on (i) polyelectrolytes, (ii) polymer brushes, as well as (iii) tethers and cushions formed from synthetic polymers, and (iv) block copolymers and their combinations with biomacromolecules, such as lipids, proteins, enzymes, biopolymers, and chosen nanoparticles. In this respect, multiple approaches to the synthesis, characterization, and processing of such hybrid films have been presented. The review has further exemplified their bioengineering, biomedical, and environmental applications, in dependence on the composition and properties of the respective hybrids. We believed that this comprehensive review would be of interest to both the specialists in the field of biomimicry as well as persons entering the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cornelia G. Palivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; (A.K.-C.); (S.d.L.); (M.B.); (S.Y.-A.)
| | - Wolfgang Meier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; (A.K.-C.); (S.d.L.); (M.B.); (S.Y.-A.)
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9
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Gerelli Y, Eriksson Skog A, Jephthah S, Welbourn RJL, Klechikov A, Skepö M. Spontaneous Formation of Cushioned Model Membranes Promoted by an Intrinsically Disordered Protein. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:3997-4004. [PMID: 32212610 PMCID: PMC7311080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this article, it is shown that by exposing commonly used lipids for biomembrane mimicking studies, to a solution containing the histidine-rich intrinsically disordered protein histatin 5, a protein cushion spontaneously forms underneath the bilayer. The underlying mechanism is attributed to have an electrostatic origin, and it is hypothesized that the observed behavior is due to proton charge fluctuations promoting attractive electrostatic interactions between the positively charged proteins and the anionic surfaces, with concomitant counterion release. Hence, we anticipate that this novel "green" approach of forming cushioned bilayers can be an important tool to mimic the cell membrane without the disturbance of the solid substrate, thereby achieving a further understanding of protein-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Gerelli
- Partnership
for Soft Condensed Matter, Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Department
of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic
University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Amanda Eriksson Skog
- Partnership
for Soft Condensed Matter, Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Division
of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Stephanie Jephthah
- Partnership
for Soft Condensed Matter, Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Rebecca J. L. Welbourn
- ISIS
Pulsed Neutron Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, STFC, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Alexey Klechikov
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie Skepö
- Division
of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- LINXS—Lund
Institute of Advanced Neutron and X-ray Science, Scheelevägen 19, SE-233 70 Lund, Sweden
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10
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Penkauskas T, Preta G. Biological applications of tethered bilayer lipid membranes. Biochimie 2019; 157:131-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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11
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Böhm P, Koutsioubas A, Moulin JF, Rädler JO, Sackmann E, Nickel B. Probing the Interface Structure of Adhering Cells by Contrast Variation Neutron Reflectometry. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:513-521. [PMID: 30518215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cellular adhesion is a central element in tissue mechanics, biological cell-cell signaling, and cell motility. In this context, the cell-substrate distance has been investigated in the past by studying natural cells and biomimetic cell models adhering on solid substrates. The amount of water in the membrane substrate gap, however, is difficult to determine. Here, we present a neutron reflectivity (NR) structural study of confluent epithelial cell monolayers on silicon substrates. In order to ensure valid in vitro conditions, we developed a cell culture sample chamber allowing us to grow and cultivate cells under proper cell culture conditions while performing in vitro neutron reflectivity measurements. The cell chamber also enabled perfusion with cell medium and hence allowed for contrast variation in situ by sterile exchange of buffer with different H2O-to-D2O ratio. Contrast variation reduces the ambiguity of data modeling for determining the thickness and degree of hydration of the interfacial cleft between the adherent cells and the substrate. Our data suggest a three-layer interfacial organization. The first layer bound to the silicon surface interface is in agreement with a very dense protein film with a thickness of 9 ± 2 nm, followed by a highly hydrated 24 ± 4 nm thick layer, and a several tens of nanometers thick layer attributed to the composite membrane. Hence, the results provide clear evidence of a highly hydrated intermediate region between the composite cell membrane and the substrate, reminiscent of the basal lamina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Böhm
- Fakultät für Physik and Center for NanoScience , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1 , 80539 München , Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich , Schellingstraße 4 , 80799 München , Germany
| | - Alexandros Koutsioubas
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Lichtenbergstr. 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Jean-François Moulin
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Zentrum für Material und Küstenforschung , Außenstelle am MLZ in Garching bei München , Lichtenbergstraße 1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Joachim O Rädler
- Fakultät für Physik and Center for NanoScience , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1 , 80539 München , Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich , Schellingstraße 4 , 80799 München , Germany
| | - Erich Sackmann
- Physikdepartment E22 , Technische Universität München , James-Franck-Str.1 , 85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Bert Nickel
- Fakultät für Physik and Center for NanoScience , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1 , 80539 München , Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative Munich , Schellingstraße 4 , 80799 München , Germany
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12
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Lee TH, Hirst DJ, Kulkarni K, Del Borgo MP, Aguilar MI. Exploring Molecular-Biomembrane Interactions with Surface Plasmon Resonance and Dual Polarization Interferometry Technology: Expanding the Spotlight onto Biomembrane Structure. Chem Rev 2018; 118:5392-5487. [PMID: 29793341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The molecular analysis of biomolecular-membrane interactions is central to understanding most cellular systems but has emerged as a complex technical challenge given the complexities of membrane structure and composition across all living cells. We present a review of the application of surface plasmon resonance and dual polarization interferometry-based biosensors to the study of biomembrane-based systems using both planar mono- or bilayers or liposomes. We first describe the optical principals and instrumentation of surface plasmon resonance, including both linear and extraordinary transmission modes and dual polarization interferometry. We then describe the wide range of model membrane systems that have been developed for deposition on the chips surfaces that include planar, polymer cushioned, tethered bilayers, and liposomes. This is followed by a description of the different chemical immobilization or physisorption techniques. The application of this broad range of engineered membrane surfaces to biomolecular-membrane interactions is then overviewed and how the information obtained using these techniques enhance our molecular understanding of membrane-mediated peptide and protein function. We first discuss experiments where SPR alone has been used to characterize membrane binding and describe how these studies yielded novel insight into the molecular events associated with membrane interactions and how they provided a significant impetus to more recent studies that focus on coincident membrane structure changes during binding of peptides and proteins. We then discuss the emerging limitations of not monitoring the effects on membrane structure and how SPR data can be combined with DPI to provide significant new information on how a membrane responds to the binding of peptides and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzong-Hsien Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Monash University , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia
| | - Daniel J Hirst
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Monash University , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia
| | - Ketav Kulkarni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Monash University , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia
| | - Mark P Del Borgo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Monash University , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia
| | - Marie-Isabel Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute , Monash University , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia
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13
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Squillace O, Esnault C, Pilard JF, Brotons G. Grafting Commercial Surfactants (Brij, CiEj) and PEG to Electrodes via Aryldiazonium Salts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:42313-42326. [PMID: 29125278 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Grafting commercial surfactants appears to be a simple way to modify electrodes and conducting interfaces, avoiding the synthesis of complex organic molecules. A new surface functionalization route is presented to build surfactant coatings with monolayer thickness grafting molecules considered as nonreactive. A monolayer of -SO2Cl functions (from a p-benzenesulfonyl chloride) was first electrografted. It showed a high reactivity toward weak nucleophiles commonly found on surfactant end-moieties such as hydroxyl groups (-OH), and it was used to covalently graft the following: (1) nonionic diblock oligomers (Brij or CiEj, CxH2x + (OCH2CH2)nOH with x = 16 and n = 23 for Brij58, x = 16 and n = 10 for Brij C10, and x = 16 and n = 2 for Brij52); (2) poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) short chains (PEO9 for (OCH2CH2)nOH with n = 9) and mixed formula. The surface modification due to these molecular coatings was investigated in terms of wetting properties and interfacial electrochemistry characteristics (charge transfer resistivity, capacity, and ions dynamics). Built on flat and transparent thin chromium films, Brij and PEO mixed coatings have been proven to be promising coatings for electrochemical biosensor application such as for stabilizing a partially tethered supported biomimetic membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Squillace
- IMMM, Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, Université du Maine-UFR Sciences et Techniques , Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Charles Esnault
- IMMM, Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, Université du Maine-UFR Sciences et Techniques , Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Jean-François Pilard
- IMMM, Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, Université du Maine-UFR Sciences et Techniques , Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Guillaume Brotons
- IMMM, Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, Université du Maine-UFR Sciences et Techniques , Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France
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14
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Narayanan T, Wacklin H, Konovalov O, Lund R. Recent applications of synchrotron radiation and neutrons in the study of soft matter. CRYSTALLOGR REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/0889311x.2016.1277212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanna Wacklin
- European Spallation Source ERIC, Lund, Sweden
- Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Reidar Lund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
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15
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Maccarini M, Watkins EB, Stidder B, Alcaraz JP, Cornell BA, Martin DK. Nanostructural determination of a lipid bilayer tethered to a gold substrate. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2016; 39:123. [PMID: 27966072 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2016-16123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tethered lipid bilayer membranes (tBLM) are planar membranes composed of free lipids and molecules tethered to a solid planar substrate providing a useful model of biological membranes for a wide range of biophysical studies and biotechnological applications. The properties of the tBLM depend on the free lipids and on the chemistry of the tethering molecules. We present a nanoscale characterization of a tBLM composed of deuterated 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (d-DMPC) free lipids, benzyl disulfide undecaethylene glycol phytanol (DLP) tethering molecules, and benzyl disulfiide tetraethylene glycol polar spacer molecules (PSM) used to control the areal density of tethering molecules through coadsorption. The use of selected isotopic substitution provides a way to distinguish the conformation and location of the tethered lipids from the free lipids and to elucidate how the two components influence the structure of the tBLM. These findings provide useful information to optimise the insertion of transmembrane proteins into the tethered bilayer system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Maccarini
- TIMC/IMAG, Université Grenoble Alpes, (UMR 5525), Grenoble, France.
| | - Erik B Watkins
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, 87545, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Barry Stidder
- TIMC/IMAG, Université Grenoble Alpes, (UMR 5525), Grenoble, France
| | | | - Bruce A Cornell
- SDx Tethered Membranes Pty Ltd u6 30-32, Barcoo Street, 2069, Roseville, NSW, Australia
| | - Donald K Martin
- TIMC/IMAG, Université Grenoble Alpes, (UMR 5525), Grenoble, France
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16
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Koutsioubas A. Combined Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics and Neutron Reflectivity Characterization of Supported Lipid Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:11474-11483. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b05433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Koutsioubas
- Jülich Centre for
Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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17
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Andersson J, Köper I. Tethered and Polymer Supported Bilayer Lipid Membranes: Structure and Function. MEMBRANES 2016; 6:E30. [PMID: 27249006 PMCID: PMC4931525 DOI: 10.3390/membranes6020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Solid supported bilayer lipid membranes are model systems to mimic natural cell membranes in order to understand structural and functional properties of such systems. The use of a model system allows for the use of a wide variety of analytical tools including atomic force microscopy, impedance spectroscopy, neutron reflectometry, and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. Among the large number of different types of model membranes polymer-supported and tethered lipid bilayers have been shown to be versatile and useful systems. Both systems consist of a lipid bilayer, which is de-coupled from an underlying support by a spacer cushion. Both systems will be reviewed, with an emphasis on the effect that the spacer moiety has on the bilayer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Andersson
- Flinders Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia.
| | - Ingo Köper
- Flinders Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia.
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18
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Heberle FA, Myles DAA, Katsaras J. Biomembranes research using thermal and cold neutrons. Chem Phys Lipids 2015; 192:41-50. [PMID: 26241882 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In 1932 James Chadwick discovered the neutron using a polonium source and a beryllium target (Chadwick, 1932). In a letter to Niels Bohr dated February 24, 1932, Chadwick wrote: "whatever the radiation from Be may be, it has most remarkable properties." Where it concerns hydrogen-rich biological materials, the "most remarkable" property is the neutron's differential sensitivity for hydrogen and its isotope deuterium. Such differential sensitivity is unique to neutron scattering, which unlike X-ray scattering, arises from nuclear forces. Consequently, the coherent neutron scattering length can experience a dramatic change in magnitude and phase as a result of resonance scattering, imparting sensitivity to both light and heavy atoms, and in favorable cases to their isotopic variants. This article describes recent biomembranes research using a variety of neutron scattering techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Heberle
- Biology and Soft Matter Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States; Joint Institute for Neutron Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States
| | - D A A Myles
- Biology and Soft Matter Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States
| | - J Katsaras
- Biology and Soft Matter Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States; Joint Institute for Neutron Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, United States.
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19
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Wang L, Roth JS, Han X, Evans SD. Photosynthetic Proteins in Supported Lipid Bilayers: Towards a Biokleptic Approach for Energy Capture. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:3306-3318. [PMID: 25727786 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201403469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In nature, plants and some bacteria have evolved an ability to convert solar energy into chemical energy usable by the organism. This process involves several proteins and the creation of a chemical gradient across the cell membrane. To transfer this process to a laboratory environment, several conditions have to be met: i) proteins need to be reconstituted into a lipid membrane, ii) the proteins need to be correctly oriented and functional and, finally, iii) the lipid membrane should be capable of maintaining chemical and electrical gradients. Investigating the processes of photosynthesis and energy generation in vivo is a difficult task due to the complexity of the membrane and its associated proteins. Solid, supported lipid bilayers provide a good model system for the systematic investigation of the different components involved in the photosynthetic pathway. In this review, the progress made to date in the development of supported lipid bilayer systems suitable for the investigation of membrane proteins is described; in particular, there is a focus on those used for the reconstitution of proteins involved in light capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Johannes S Roth
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Xiaojun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Stephen D Evans
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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Construction of P-glycoprotein incorporated tethered lipid bilayer membranes. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 2:115-122. [PMID: 29124152 PMCID: PMC5668657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate drug–membrane protein interactions, an artificial tethered lipid bilayer system was constructed for the functional integration of membrane proteins with large extra-membrane domains such as multi-drug resistance protein 1 (MDR1). In this study, a modified lipid (i.e., 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino (polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPE-PEG)) was utilized as a spacer molecule to elevate lipid membrane from the sensor surface and generate a reservoir underneath. Concentration of DSPE-PEG molecule significantly affected the liposome binding/spreading and lipid bilayer formation, and 0.03 mg/mL of DSPE-PEG provided optimum conditions for membrane protein integration. Further, the incorporation of MDR1 increased the local rigidity on the platform. Antibody binding studies showed the functional integration of MDR1 protein into lipid bilayer platform. The platform allowed to follow MDR!-statin-based drug interactions in vitro. Each binding event and lipid bilayer formation was monitored in real-time using Surface Plasmon Resonance and Quartz Crystal Microbalance–Dissipation systems, and Atomic Force Microscopy was used for visualization experiments. An artificial lipid bilayer system for large integral membrane proteins. Multi-drug resistance protein embedded in lipid bilayers was used as a model system. Interaction between pravastatin and a membrane protein was examined in vitro system. Characterization by surface sensitive methods such as SPR, QCM, liqAFM.
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