1
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Mardani H, Mehrbakhsh S, Sheikhzadegan S, Babazadeh-Mamaqani M, Roghani-Mamaqani H. Colloidal Polymer Nanoparticles as Smart Inks for Authentication and Indication of Latent Fingerprints and Scratch. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:1605-1615. [PMID: 38150585 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
An environmentally friendly smart ink was developed by incorporating fluorescein into functionalized poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanoparticles synthesized using an emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization approach. The functional comonomers of 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), acrylamide, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and glycidyl methacrylate in 10 wt % with respect to methyl methacrylate were used to obtain the functionalized colloidal PMMA nanoparticles. Functional groups of the latex nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Field emission scanning electron microscopy results showed that all of the latex nanoparticles have nearly spherical morphologies with variations in size and surface smoothness due to the presence of different comonomers. Ultraviolet-visible and fluorescence spectra indicated that the fluorescein-doped latex nanoparticles containing the DMAEMA comonomer had the highest absorbance and fluorescence intensity. In the alkaline media, fluorescein turns to a dianion, showing a red shift and increased absorbance in the UV-vis spectroscopy. In addition, the electron inductive characteristics of the tertiary amine groups result in enhancing the conjugation of fluorescein molecules and increasing the fluorescence intensities. Therefore, the colloidal nanoparticles with amine functional groups were used in the formulation of a smart ink with applications in securing documents and fingerprints, encrypting banknotes and money, detecting latent fingerprints, crafting anticounterfeiting paper, and eventually providing optical detection and indication of surface scratches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Mardani
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box, Tabriz 51335-1996, Iran
| | - Sana Mehrbakhsh
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box, Tabriz 51335-1996, Iran
| | - Sina Sheikhzadegan
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box, Tabriz 51335-1996, Iran
| | - Milad Babazadeh-Mamaqani
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box, Tabriz 51335-1996, Iran
| | - Hossein Roghani-Mamaqani
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box, Tabriz 51335-1996, Iran
- Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box, Tabriz 51335-1996, Iran
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2
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Pruthi V, Akae Y, Théato P. Photoresponsive Spiropyran and DEGMA-Based Copolymers with Photo-Switchable Glass Transition Temperatures. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300270. [PMID: 37358931 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Herein, novel photoresponsive spiropyran (SP)-based P(DEGMA-co-SpMA) copolymers with variable percentages of SP fractions are synthesized. The SP group present in these polymers exhibited the abilities of reversible photoisomerism. Their photoresponsive, structural, and thermal properties have been investigated and compared using various characterization techniques. These light-responsive copolymers are found to exhibit photoswitchable glass transition temperature (Tg ), high thermal stability (Td > 250°C), instant photochromism as well as fluorescence upon exposure to UV light. It is demonstrated that the Tg of these synthesized polymers increased when irradiated with UV light (λ = 365 nm), as a consequence of the photoisomerization of incorporated SP groups into their merocyanine form. This increase in Tg is attributed to an increase in polarity and a decrease in the overall entropy of the polymeric system when it switches from the ring-closed SP form (less-ordered state) to the ring-opened merocyanine form (more-ordered state). Therefore, such polymers with a unique feature of phototunable glass transition temperatures provide the possibility to be integrated into functional materials for various photoresponsive applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Pruthi
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 18, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Yosuke Akae
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 18, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Patrick Théato
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstraße 18, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institute for Biological Interfaces III, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Karlsruhe, Germany
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3
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Nekoonam N, Vera G, Goralczyk A, Mayoussi F, Zhu P, Böcherer D, Shakeel A, Helmer D. Controllable Wetting Transitions on Photoswitchable Physical Gels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37217181 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Softness plays a key role in the deformation of soft elastic substrates at the three-phase contact line, and the acting forces lead to the formation of a wetting ridge due to elastocapillarity. The change in wetting ridge and surface profiles at different softness has a great impact on the droplet behavior in different phenomena. Commonly used materials to study soft wetting are swollen polymeric gels or polymer brushes. These materials offer no possibility to change the softness on demand. Therefore, adjustable surfaces with tunable softness are highly sought-after to achieve on-demand transition between wetting states on soft surfaces. Here, we present a photorheological physical soft gel with adjustable stiffness based on the spiropyran photoswitch that shows the formation of wetting ridges upon droplet deposition. The presented photoswitchable gels allow the creation of reversibly switchable softness patterns with microscale resolution using UV light-switching of the spiropyran molecule. Gels with varying softness are analyzed, showing a decrease in the wetting ridge height at higher gel stiffness. Furthermore, wetting ridges before and after photoswitching are visualized using confocal microscopy, showing the transition in the wetting properties from soft wetting to liquid/liquid wetting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Nekoonam
- Laboratory of Process Technology, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Grace Vera
- Laboratory of Process Technology, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Andreas Goralczyk
- Laboratory of Process Technology, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Fadoua Mayoussi
- Laboratory of Process Technology, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Pang Zhu
- Laboratory of Process Technology, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - David Böcherer
- Laboratory of Process Technology, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Ahmad Shakeel
- Laboratory of Process Technology, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Dorothea Helmer
- Laboratory of Process Technology, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Freiburg Center of Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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Razavi B, Roghani-Mamaqani H, Salami-Kalajahi M. Stimuli-Responsive Dendritic Macromolecules for Optical Detection of Metal Ions and Acidic Vapors by the Photoinduced Electron Transfer Mechanism: Paper-Based Indicator for Food Spoilage Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:41433-41446. [PMID: 36050933 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Visual detection of analytes has been a significant challenge in the design and development of optical chemosensors. Sensing of analytes in aqueous solution by organic molecules has encountered some issues, such as poor water solubility and quenching of optical properties. In this study, a new category of smart dendritic macromolecules was designed and synthesized by functionalization of the poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer with spiropyran molecules to afford a photoluminescent dendritic structure (SP-PAMAM). Smart optical sensors were prepared by physical incorporation of four different oxazolidine derivatives containing hydroxyl and nitro substituted groups into the SP-PAMAM structure. Investigation of optical properties demonstrated photoinduced electron transfer (PET) between the spiropyran end group of SP-PAMAM and oxazolidine derivatives (in a concentration of about 0.0002 M), which can result in quenching of fluorescence emission of spiropyran photoswitch in the form of merocyanine (MC). Treatment of the oxazolidine-doped SP-PAMAM samples with metal ions resulted in changes in the PET mechanism (switching on or off), as observed in the case of Fe3+, Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Co2+, and Ni2+ by different oxazolidine derivatives through various mechanisms (increase or decrease of fluorescence emission). These smart photoluminescent dendritic macromolecules have potential applications for photodetection of metal ions in aqueous media as optical chemosensors. In addition, the smart macromolecules displayed disconnection of PET between MC and oxazolidine and also showed red fluorescence emission under acidic conditions (pH 1-5). It is due to the protonation of the MC to MCH form and demonstrates a remarkable red shift in fluorescence spectra. The pH-responsivity of smart macromolecules was used for designing a paper-based pH indicator for visual detection of spoilage in the food industry, especially in the case of milk. The prepared papers applied on cap of the milk bottles did not show any fluorescence emission in the case of fresh milk; however, a red fluorescence emission was observed after milk spoilage as a result of adsorption of acidic volatile components generated by bacterial degradation and oxidation process on the paper surface. The reported smart papers can serve as optical portable pH indicators for timely detection of spoilage in food materials, which are usable in food packaging as smart indicator tags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Razavi
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, Tabriz 51368, Iran
| | - Hossein Roghani-Mamaqani
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, Tabriz 51368, Iran
- Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, Tabriz 51386, Iran
| | - Mehdi Salami-Kalajahi
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, Tabriz 51368, Iran
- Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, Tabriz 51386, Iran
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5
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Babazadeh-Mamaqani M, Roghani-Mamaqani H, Abdollahi A, Salami-Kalajahi M. Optical Chemosensors based on Spiropyran-Doped Polymer Nanoparticles for Sensing pH of Aqueous Media. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:9410-9420. [PMID: 35876012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photochromic polymers, which are prepared by the incorporation of photochromic compounds into polymer matrices, show fluorescence emission along with color change under UV light irradiation. Polymer nanoparticles yield high chromic properties at low chromophore loadings, as they have a large surface area to absorb a high level of light irradiation. Particle size is a significant parameter to control optical properties, where the decrease of particle size results in a high light absorption and efficiency of photochromism and fluorescence emission. Reverse atom transfer radical polymerization was used to synthesize methyl methacrylate homopolymer and its copolymers with different comonomers to yield polymers with a narrow molecular weight distribution. Spiropyran was doped to the polymeric nanoparticles during nanoprecipitation to yield photochromic polymer nanoparticles. Particle size below 100 nm for the photochromic nanoparticles was shown by dynamic light scattering. Morphology investigation with microscopic analysis showed spherical morphology for nanoparticles. The photochromic properties of the polymer nanocarriers were studied in both acidic and alkaline media. The results indicated that the pH of the media as well as the copolymer composition significantly affect the optical properties. Therefore, the photochromic polymer nanoparticles could have potential applications as optical pH chemosensors by colorimetric and fluorometric detection mechanisms. The nanoparticles with hydroxyl- or amine-functional groups were shown to be highly efficient for pH chemosensor applications. Finally, photochromic cellulosic papers prepared from the photochromic polymer nanoparticles were highly applicable in the detection of acid vapors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Babazadeh-Mamaqani
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box, Tabriz 51335-1996, Iran
| | - Hossein Roghani-Mamaqani
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box, Tabriz 51335-1996, Iran
- Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box, Tabriz 51335-1996, Iran
| | - Amin Abdollahi
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Science (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Mehdi Salami-Kalajahi
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box, Tabriz 51335-1996, Iran
- Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box, Tabriz 51335-1996, Iran
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6
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Keyvan Rad J, Balzade Z, Mahdavian AR. Spiropyran-based advanced photoswitchable materials: A fascinating pathway to the future stimuli-responsive devices. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2022.100487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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7
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Zhang R, Han L, Ma H, Lei L, Li C, Zhang S, Bai H, Li Y. Well-controlled spiropyran functionalized polystyrenes via a combination of anionic polymerization and hydrosilylation for photoinduced solvatochromism. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Abdollahi A, Roghani-Mamaqani H, Razavi B, Salami-Kalajahi M. Photoluminescent and Chromic Nanomaterials for Anticounterfeiting Technologies: Recent Advances and Future Challenges. ACS NANO 2020; 14:14417-14492. [PMID: 33079535 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Counterfeiting and inverse engineering of security and confidential documents, such as banknotes, passports, national cards, certificates, and valuable products, has significantly been increased, which is a major challenge for governments, companies, and customers. From recent global reports published in 2017, the counterfeiting market was evaluated to be $107.26 billion in 2016 and forecasted to reach $206.57 billion by 2021 at a compound annual growth rate of 14.0%. Development of anticounterfeiting and authentication technologies with multilevel securities is a powerful solution to overcome this challenge. Stimuli-chromic (photochromic, hydrochromic, and thermochromic) and photoluminescent (fluorescent and phosphorescent) compounds are the most significant and applicable materials for development of complex anticounterfeiting inks with a high-security level and fast authentication. Highly efficient anticounterfeiting and authentication technologies have been developed to reach high security and efficiency. Applicable materials for anticounterfeiting applications are generally based on photochromic and photoluminescent compounds, for which hydrochromic and thermochromic materials have extensively been used in recent decades. A wide range of materials, such as organic and inorganic metal complexes, polymer nanoparticles, quantum dots, polymer dots, carbon dots, upconverting nanoparticles, and supramolecular structures, could display all of these phenomena depending on their physical and chemical characteristics. The polymeric anticounterfeiting inks have recently received significant attention because of their high stability for printing on confidential documents. In addition, the printing technologies including hand-writing, stamping, inkjet printing, screen printing, and anticounterfeiting labels are discussed for introduction of the most efficient methods for application of different anticounterfeiting inks. This review would help scientists to design and develop the most applicable encryption, authentication, and anticounterfeiting technologies with high security, fast detection, and potential applications in security marking and information encryption on various substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Abdollahi
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, 51335-1996 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Roghani-Mamaqani
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, 51335-1996 Tabriz, Iran
- Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, 51335-1996 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahareh Razavi
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, 51335-1996 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Salami-Kalajahi
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, 51335-1996 Tabriz, Iran
- Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, 51335-1996 Tabriz, Iran
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9
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Synthesis of a 5-Carboxy Indole-Based Spiropyran Fluorophore: Thermal, Electrochemical, Photophysical and Bovine Serum Albumin Interaction Investigations. CHEMOSENSORS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors8020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized a spiropyran containing an electron-withdrawing carboxyl group in good yield by condensation of an aromatic aldehyde with enamine indole. The spiropyran absorbed at the ultraviolet region with a maximum at approximately 300 nm, demonstrating slight solvatochromism (~3 nm). A fluorescent emission around 360 nm was observed with a higher solvatochromic effect (~12 nm), indicating higher electronic delocalization in the excited state. The photoreversibility of the open and closed forms of spiropyran excited at 300 nm and 365 nm was not observed, indicating that the absence of the nitro group plays a fundamental role in this equilibrium. Theoretical calculations were also applied for better understanding the photophysics of these compounds. Electrochemical characterization revealed the values of the HOMO and LUMO energy levels at −1.89 eV (electron affinity) and −5.61 eV (ionization potential), respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis showed excellent thermal stability of the spiropyran, with 5% weight loss at approximately 250 °C. Finally, the photophysical features were used to explore the interaction of spiropyran with bovine serum albumin in a phosphate buffer solution, where a significant suppression mechanism was observed.
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Abdollahi A, Herizchi A, Roghani-Mamaqani H, Alidaei-Sharif H. Interaction of photoswitchable nanoparticles with cellulosic materials for anticounterfeiting and authentication security documents. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 230:115603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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11
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Stimuli-chromism of photoswitches in smart polymers: Recent advances and applications as chemosensors. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Controlled photoisomerization in acrylic copolymer nanoparticles based on spironaphthoxazine for reduced thermal reversion. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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13
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Stimuli-responsive cellulose paper materials. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 210:350-363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Yang Y, Zhang T, Yan J, Fu L, Xiang H, Cui Y, Su J, Liu X. Preparation and Photochromic Behavior of Spiropyran-Containing Fluorinated Polyacrylate Hydrophobic Coatings. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:15812-15819. [PMID: 30485113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, spiropyran (SP)-containing fluorinated polyacrylate (F-PA-SP) latex was prepared by emulsion polymerization using fluorinated and SP-based acrylic monomers as raw materials. Fourier transform infrared and 1H NMR demonstrate that the F-PA-SP copolymer has been successfully synthesized, and dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy analyses indicate that the synthesized latex has presented a uniform particle size of approximately 200 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and water contact angle (WCA) analyses were used to investigate the surface properties of the F-PA-SP coating and demonstrate that its hydrophobicity is enhanced by the addition of a fluorinated acrylic monomer. The photochromic properties of the coating were investigated by UV/vis spectroscopy, and the results reveal that the F-PA-SP coating possesses better photoresponsiveness, fatigue resistance, and photoreversibility under UV/vis irradiation than the coating prepared using fluorinated polyacrylate/SP blended latex. Moreover, the WCA of the F-PA-SP coating subjected to UV/vis irradiation shows minimal changes and retains its excellent hydrophobicity. Finally, the F-PA-SP latex was applied to cellulosic paper, and the resulting photochromic paper exhibits outstanding reversible color changes and hydrophobicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ting Zhang
- Chemistry & Environment Engineering , Shaoguan University , Shaoguan 512005 , China
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15
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Abdollahi A, Mouraki A, Sharifian MH, Mahdavian AR. Photochromic properties of stimuli-responsive cellulosic papers modified by spiropyran-acrylic copolymer in reusable pH-sensors. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 200:583-594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Genovese ME, Abraham S, Caputo G, Nanni G, Kumaran SK, Montemagno CD, Athanassiou A, Fragouli D. Photochromic Paper Indicators for Acidic Food Spoilage Detection. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:13484-13493. [PMID: 31458057 PMCID: PMC6645322 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A photoresponsive microstructured composite is fabricated through the impregnation of cellulosic filter paper (FP) with a spiropyran-modified acrylic polymer. The polymer enwraps uniformly each individual cellulose fiber, increases the thermal stability of cellulose, and ensures the preservation of the composite functionalities even upon removal of the surface layers through mechanical scratching. The photochromic spiropyran moieties of the polymer, even while embedded in the cellulosic sheet, can reversibly interconvert between the colorless spiropyran and the pink merocyanine isomeric states upon irradiation with UV and visible light, respectively. Moreover, the photochromic polymer presents a faster photochromic response and a higher resistance to photodegradation, with an outstanding reusability for more than 100 switching cycles when it is incorporated in the cellulose network. Most importantly, the acidochromism of the modified FP, attributed to the spiropyran molecules after UV activation, allows the real-time optical and visual detection of acidity changes and spoilage in food products, such as wine and milk. Spoilage due to bacterial degradation and oxidation processes generates acidic vapors that induce the protonation of the merocyanine. This results in a visually detectable chromic transition from pink to white of the treated cellulose fibers, corresponding to a blue shift in the absorption spectrum. The developed photoresponsive cellulose composite can serve as cost-effective robust optical component in integrated functional platforms and consumer-friendly indicators for smart food packaging, as well as portable on demand acidoresponsive interfaces for gas monitoring in industrial and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Genovese
- Smart
Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - Sinoj Abraham
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University
of Alberta, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Gianvito Caputo
- Smart
Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - Gabriele Nanni
- Smart
Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - Surjith K. Kumaran
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University
of Alberta, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Carlo D. Montemagno
- Southern
Illinois University, 1230 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United
States
| | | | - Despina Fragouli
- Smart
Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
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17
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Wang M, Hartmann G, Wu Z, Scarabelli L, Rajeeva BB, Jarrett JW, Perillo EP, Dunn AK, Liz-Marzán LM, Hwang GS, Zheng Y. Controlling Plasmon-Enhanced Fluorescence via Intersystem Crossing in Photoswitchable Molecules. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:10.1002/smll.201701763. [PMID: 28834225 PMCID: PMC5866054 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
By harnessing photoswitchable intersystem crossing (ISC) in spiropyran (SP) molecules, active control of plasmon-enhanced fluorescence in the hybrid systems of SP molecules and plasmonic nanostructures is achieved. Specifically, SP-derived merocyanine (MC) molecules formed by photochemical ring-opening reaction display efficient ISC due to their zwitterionic character. In contrast, ISC in quinoidal MC molecules formed by thermal ring-opening reaction is negligible. The high ISC rate can improve fluorescence quantum yield of the plasmon-modified spontaneous emission, only when the plasmonic electromagnetic field enhancement is sufficiently high. Along this line, extensive photomodulation of fluorescence is demonstrated by switching the ISC in MC molecules at Au nanoparticle aggregates, where strongly enhanced plasmonic hot spots exist. The ISC-mediated plasmon-enhanced fluorescence represents a new approach toward controlling the spontaneous emission of fluorophores near plasmonic nanostructures, which expands the applications of active molecular plasmonics in information processing, biosensing, and bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsong Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Gregory Hartmann
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Zilong Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Leonardo Scarabelli
- Bionanoplasmonics Laboratory, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Bharath Bangalore Rajeeva
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jeremy W Jarrett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Evan P Perillo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Andrew K Dunn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Luis M Liz-Marzán
- Bionanoplasmonics Laboratory, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 20014, Donostia- San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Gyeong S Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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18
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Barsi D, Borsacchi S, Calucci L, Tarantino A, Pinzino C, Bertoldo M. Tuning the functionalization degree of amylose and amylopectin with photochromic spiropyran by CuAAc reaction. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Rouhani S, Pishvaei M. Photo-Physical Behavior and Fluorescence of Thermo Switchable Nanocomposite Based on Methyl Methacrylate -Spirobenzopyran. J Fluoresc 2016; 27:501-507. [PMID: 27889853 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-016-1977-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanocomposites with thermo and photo-switchable fluorescent properties were synthesized via mini-emulsion polymerization based on spiropyran and methyl methacrylate monomer. The photophysical behavior of fluorescence nanocomposites was investigated by fluorescence spectrophotometry in different temperature, UV-light and time of exposure. It was found that methyl methacrylate polymer is capable of acting as a protective layer and play a critical role in improving the photostability of colorants. The nanocomposites exhibited excellent fluorescent thermo-switching action with respect to the free spiro molecule. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohre Rouhani
- Department of Organic Colorants, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran. .,Center of Excellence for Color Science and Technology, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Malihe Pishvaei
- Department of Resin and additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Stimuli-responsive cellulose modified by epoxy-functionalized polymer nanoparticles with photochromic and solvatochromic properties. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 150:131-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Nourmohammadian F, Abdi AA. Development of molecular photoswitch with very fast photoresponse based on asymmetrical bis-azospiropyran. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 153:53-62. [PMID: 26296250 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.07.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To study the effects of an extended bis-azo conjugated bridge with two different photochemical functions on a molecule in photochromic responses, a novel asymmetrical bifunctional bis-azo spiropyran photochromic dye was designed and synthesized. The obtained photoresponses were compared with symmetrical bifunctional bis-azo spiropyran analogues, and relative mono-azo and simple spiropyrans. Colourimetric behaviour, luminescence, and switching kinetics of all the dyes were studied. The largest molar absorption coefficient in merocyanine form, quickest response to light, and highest fluorescence quantum yield of the spiropyran form with a superior ratio of emission intensities of spiropyran to merocyanine form were achieved for the asymmetric bis-azospiropyran. Solvatochromic effect was studied to observe the solvent effects on non-irradiation colouration of the photochromic dyes. Furthermore, The molecular energy levels for optimized geometries of the synthesized bis-azospiropyrans and their probable photochemical products were obtained at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Nourmohammadian
- Department of Organic Colorants, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16765-654, Tehran, Iran; Centre of Excellence for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Ashtiani Abdi
- Department of Organic Colorants, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16765-654, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Li W, Trosien S, Schenderlein H, Graf M, Biesalski M. Preparation of photochromic paper, using fibre-attached spiropyran polymer networks. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23673a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Spiropyran-based photochromic paper was prepared by covalent immobilisation of functional polymer networks. The sensitivity of the UV-induced colour change was dynamically adjusted by a damping method. Thereby, a colourimetric UV sensor was designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Li
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Paper Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universitaet Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - S. Trosien
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Paper Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universitaet Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - H. Schenderlein
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Paper Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universitaet Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - M. Graf
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Paper Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universitaet Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - M. Biesalski
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Paper Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Technische Universitaet Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
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23
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Tian W, Xue Y, Tian J, Gong P, Dai J, Wang X, Zhu Z. Colorimetric and fluorometric dual-mode detection of aniline pollutants based on spiropyran derivatives. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17862f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The selective UV-vis absorption of spiropyran and the fluorescence quenching of SP-cellulose material induced by aniline were observed and exploited for rapid detection and accurate quantitative determination of aniline pollutants in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Tian
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
| | - Yinan Xue
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Jintao Tian
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Peizhen Gong
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Jinhui Dai
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Zhibin Zhu
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering
- Ocean University of China
- Qingdao
- China
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24
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Abdollahi A, Mahdavian AR, Salehi-Mobarakeh H. Preparation of stimuli-responsive functionalized latex nanoparticles: the effect of spiropyran concentration on size and photochromic properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:10672-10682. [PMID: 26375595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Incorporation of photochromic compounds to polymer matrix through chemical bonding results in an enhancement of photoactivity and stabilization of optical properties. Here, spiropyran ethyl acrylate monomer (SPEA) was synthesized, and then photochromic particles bearing epoxy functional groups were prepared through semicontinuous emulsion copolymerization. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results depicted an increase in particle size and particle size distribution with the increase in SPEA monomer-surfactants ratio. Studies on photochromic properties by UV-vis analysis demonstrated a decrease in the absorption intensity despite the increase in SPEA content due to the enhancement in particle size. The prepared acrylic copolymer particles showed reasonable photostability, photoreversibility, and fast photoresponsivness according to the convenient test methods under UV/vis irradiation. DSC and DMTA analyses indicate an increase in Tg of the obtained copolymers with the increase in SPEA content. Finally, stimuli-responsive cellulosic papers were prepared by impregnation, and their photochromic behavior was investigated in dry and wet forms in various media under UV radiation. Morphology studies, due to stabilization of the photochromic copolymer on cellulose fibers, were conducted by SEM micrographs and showed good adhesion and compatibility between the two phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Abdollahi
- Polymer Science Department, Iran Polymer & Petrochemical Institute , P.O. Box 14965/115, Tehran 1497713115, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Mahdavian
- Polymer Science Department, Iran Polymer & Petrochemical Institute , P.O. Box 14965/115, Tehran 1497713115, Iran
| | - Hamid Salehi-Mobarakeh
- Polymer Science Department, Iran Polymer & Petrochemical Institute , P.O. Box 14965/115, Tehran 1497713115, Iran
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