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Preparation of non-stoichiometric Al2O3 film with broadband antireflective by magnetron sputtering. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.138299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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2
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Low-Temperature Preparation of SiO2/Nb2O5/TiO2–SiO2 Broadband Antireflective Coating for the Visible via Acid-Catalyzed Sol–Gel Method. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10080737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Multilayer broadband antireflective (AR) coatings consisting of porous layers usually suffers poor functional durability. Based on a quarter-half-quarter multilayer structure, AR coatings with dense SiO2 film as the top layer are designed, and refractive index for each layer is optimized. After heat-treated at only 150 °C, refractive index of Nb2O5 film reaches to 2.072 (at 550 nm), which can meet design requirements of the middle layer. TiO2–SiO2 composites with controllable refractive indices are selected to be used as the bottom layer. The obtained triple-layer AR coating presents excellent performance, and the average transmittance at 400–800 nm attains 98.41%. Dense layers endow the multilayer structure good abrasion-resistance, and hexamethyldisilazane is further used to modify the surface of the AR coating, which can greatly improve the hydrophobicity of the coating. The proposed triple-layer broadband AR coating has potential value in practical applications of sol–gel deposition.
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Wang S, Yan H, Li D, Qiao L, Han S, Yuan X, Liu W, Xiang X, Zu X. TEM and STEM Studies on the Cross-sectional Morphologies of Dual-/Tri-layer Broadband SiO 2 Antireflective Films. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:49. [PMID: 29435672 PMCID: PMC5809628 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dual-layer and tri-layer broadband antireflective (AR) films with excellent transmittance were successfully fabricated using base-/acid-catalyzed mixed sols and propylene oxide (PO) modified silica sols. The sols and films were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). FTIR and TEM results suggest that the PO molecules were covalently bonded to the silica particles and the bridge structure existing in PO modified silica sol is responsible for the low density of the top layer. The density ratio between different layers was measured by cross-sectional STEM, and the results are 1.69:1 and 2.1:1.7:1 from bottom-layer to top-layer for dual-layer and tri-layer films, respectively. The dual-layer film demonstrates good stability with 99.8% at the central wavelength of 351 nm and nearly 99.5% at the central wavelength of 1053 nm in laser system, and for the tri-layer AR film, the maximum transmittance reached nearly 100% at both the central wavelengths of 527 and 1053 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyue Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Yan
- China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900 China
| | - Dengji Li
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaobo Han
- School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Yuan
- China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900 China
| | - Wei Liu
- Dalian National Lab for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, 116023 China
| | - Xia Xiang
- School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaotao Zu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 People’s Republic of China
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Ai L, Zhang J, Li X, Zhang X, Lu Y, Song W. Universal Low-Temperature Process for Preparation of Multifunctional High-Performance Antireflective Mesoporous Silica Coatings on Transparent Polymeric Substrates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:4993-4999. [PMID: 29319297 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we developed a universal low-temperature process for the preparation of multifunctional and robust mesoporous silica antireflective coatings on transparent polymeric substrates. The mesoporous silica layer was formed after UV-O3 exposure and ammonia vapor treatment of dried poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (F127)-containing acidic silica gel. The optical and antiscrubbing properties of the mesoporous silica coating were comparable to those of the coating prepared at 250 °C. The highest optical transmittance reached 99.55%, and the transmittance loss was only 1.02% after 400 scrubbing cycles. The coating surface formed by the low-temperature process was hydrophilic, resulting in excellent antifogging properties. The low-temperature process was successfully applied on various transparent polymeric substrates including polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, and polycarbonate. The excellent optical and mechanical performances of the mesoporous silica antireflective coatings on transparent polymeric substrates allow a wide range of practical applications, especially in the field of flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ai
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Xianpeng Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Yuehui Lu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Weijie Song
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering , Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
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Huang X, Yuan Y, Liu S, Zhang L, Hong R. Preparation of hydrophobic broadband antireflective SiO2 coating on flexible poly(methyl methacrylate) substrates. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Agrawal G, Zhu X, Moeller M, Choudhary V. Development of complete silica thin films based on functional hyperbranched polyalkoxysiloxanes. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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She Y, Lee J, Diroll BT, Lee B, Aouadi S, Shevchenko EV, Berman D. Rapid Synthesis of Nanoporous Conformal Coatings via Plasma-Enhanced Sequential Infiltration of a Polymer Template. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:7812-7819. [PMID: 31457338 PMCID: PMC6645430 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous conformal coating is an important class of materials for electrocatalysis, water purification, antireflective coatings, etc. Common synthesis methods of porous films often require harsh conditions (high temperature and high plasma power) or specific substrate materials. Here, we report a plasma-enhanced sequential infiltration synthesis (PE SIS) as a new platform toward deposition of nanoporous inorganic films. PE SIS is based on oxygen-plasma-induced rapid conversion of metal precursors selectively adsorbed in a block-copolymer template. Porosity and thickness of resulting materials can be easily controlled by characteristics of the template. PE SIS is conducted under gentle conditions, and can be applied to a broad range of substrates, including water-sensitive surfaces. PE SIS offers adventurous rapid infiltration with improved ability to obtain highly interconnected porous alumina films with thicknesses up to 5 μm. We show that full infiltration of the polar domain of the polymer template can be achieved upon initial exposure to TMA, followed by its oxygen-plasma-induced conversion into a functional material. Since different types of plasma (such as oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, etc.) induce conversion of a broad range of metal precursors, PE SIS opens a new approach for synthesis of highly porous materials with various elemental compositions and stoichiometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong She
- Materials
Science and Engineering Department, University
of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, Texas 76203, United
States
| | - Jihyung Lee
- Materials
Science and Engineering Department, University
of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, Texas 76203, United
States
| | - Benjamin T. Diroll
- Center for Nanoscale Materials and Advanced Photon
Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United
States
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- Center for Nanoscale Materials and Advanced Photon
Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United
States
| | - Samir Aouadi
- Materials
Science and Engineering Department, University
of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, Texas 76203, United
States
| | - Elena V. Shevchenko
- Center for Nanoscale Materials and Advanced Photon
Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United
States
| | - Diana Berman
- Materials
Science and Engineering Department, University
of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, Texas 76203, United
States
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Khan SB, Wu H, Fei Z, Ning S, Zhang Z. Antireflective coatings with enhanced adhesion strength. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:11047-11054. [PMID: 28604899 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02334k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The importance of tuning refractive index in a multilayer antireflection coating (ARC) system can not be denied. In practical applications, regulation of refractive index is complex due to limited choice and availability of appropriate materials for the trilayer AR coating assembly. To overcome this issue, we used a single inorganic material, HfO2, for the construction of a trilayer AR light harvesting moth eye, resembling hierarchical nanostructure coatings, for exploring new generation photovoltaics and optoelectronic devices. In the trilayer AR HfO2 (TAR-H) assembly, using a glancing angle deposition technique (GLAD), the dense bottom layer was steadily changed into a spongy middle layer that further changed to a highly porous top layer micmiking a moth eye, reducing the refractive index of the coating from 1.87 to 1.30. The broadband omnidirectional properties of the TAR-H coating, with superior thermal stability and improved scratch resistance, in the visible wavelength range were experimentally demonstrated. The TAR-H coating on FTO and sapphire substrates achieved reflectance of up to <1% in the visible wavelength range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Bashir Khan
- The State Key Laboratory for New Ceramics & Fine Processing, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Bao L, Ji Z, Wang H, Chen R. Hollow Rodlike MgF 2 with an Ultralow Refractive Index for the Preparation of Multifunctional Antireflective Coatings. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:6240-6247. [PMID: 28602095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Antireflective coatings with superhydrophobic, self-cleaning, and wide-spectrum high-transmittance properties and good mechanical strength have important practical value. In this research, hollow nanorod-like MgF2 sols with different void volumes were prepared by a template-free solvothermal method to further obtain hollow nanorod-like MgF2 crystals with an ultralow refractive index of 1.14. Besides, a MgF2 coating with an adjustable refractive index of 1.10-1.35 was also prepared by the template-free solvothermal method. Then through the combination of base/acid two-step-catalyzed TEOS and hydroxyl modification on the surface of nanosilica spheres, the SiO2 coating with good mechanical strength, a flat surface, and a refractive index of 1.30-1.45 was obtained. Double-layer broadband antireflective coatings with an average transmittance of 99.6% at 400-1400 nm were designed using the relevant optical theory. After the coating thickness was optimized by the dip-coating method, the double-layer antireflective coatings, whose parameters were consistent with those designed by the theory, were obtained. The bottom layer was a SiO2 coating with a refractive index of 1.34 and a thickness of 155 nm, and the top layer was a hollow rodlike MgF2 coating with a refractive index of 1.10 and a thickness of 165 nm. The average transmittance of the obtained MgF2-SiO2 antireflective coatings was 99.1% at 400-1400 nm, which was close to the theoretical value. The hydrophobic angle of the coating surface reached 119° at first, and the angle further reached 152° after conducting surface modification by PFOTES. In addition, because the porosity of the coating surface was only 10.7%, the pencil hardness of the coating surface was 5 H and the critical load Lc was 27.05 N. In summary, the obtained antireflective coatings possessed superhydrophobic, self-cleaning, and wide-spectrum high-transmittance properties and good mechanical strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Bao
- Changzhou University , No. 1 Gehu Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, PR China
| | - Zihan Ji
- Changzhou University , No. 1 Gehu Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, PR China
| | - Hongning Wang
- Changzhou University , No. 1 Gehu Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, PR China
| | - Ruoyu Chen
- Changzhou University , No. 1 Gehu Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, PR China
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Berman D, Guha S, Lee B, Elam JW, Darling SB, Shevchenko EV. Sequential Infiltration Synthesis for the Design of Low Refractive Index Surface Coatings with Controllable Thickness. ACS NANO 2017; 11:2521-2530. [PMID: 28139905 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b08361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Control over refractive index and thickness of surface coatings is central to the design of low refraction films used in applications ranging from optical computing to antireflective coatings. Here, we introduce gas-phase sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS) as a robust, powerful, and efficient approach to deposit conformal coatings with very low refractive indices. We demonstrate that the refractive indices of inorganic coatings can be efficiently tuned by the number of cycles used in the SIS process, composition, and selective swelling of the of the polymer template. We show that the refractive index of Al2O3 can be lowered from 1.76 down to 1.1 using this method. The thickness of the Al2O3 coating can be efficiently controlled by the swelling of the block copolymer template in ethanol at elevated temperature, thereby enabling deposition of both single-layer and graded-index broadband antireflective coatings. Using this technique, Fresnel reflections of glass can be reduced to as low as 0.1% under normal illumination over a broad spectral range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Berman
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of North Texas , Denton, Texas 76203 United States
| | - Supratik Guha
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
| | | | | | - Seth B Darling
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637 United States
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Buskens P, Burghoorn M, Mourad MCD, Vroon Z. Antireflective Coatings for Glass and Transparent Polymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:6781-6793. [PMID: 27187719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Antireflective coatings (ARCs) are applied to reduce surface reflections. We review coatings that reduce the reflection of the surface of the transparent substrates float glass, polyethylene terephthalate, poly(methyl methacrylate), and polycarbonate. Three main coating concepts exist to lower the reflection at the interface of a transparent substrate and air: multilayer interference coatings, graded index coatings, and quarter-wave coatings. We introduce and discuss these three concepts, and zoom in on porous quarter-wave coatings comprising colloidal particles. We extensively discuss the four routes for introducing porosity in quarter-wave coatings through the use of colloidal particles, which have the highest potential for application: (1) packing of dense nanospheres, (2) integration of voids through hollow nanospheres, (3) integration of voids through sacrificial particle templates, and (4) packing of nonspherical nanoparticles. Finally, we address the remaining challenges in the field of ARCs, and elaborate on potential strategies for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Buskens
- The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), De Rondom 1, 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marieke Burghoorn
- The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), De Rondom 1, 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Zeger Vroon
- The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), De Rondom 1, 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Zuyd University of Applied Sciences , Nieuw Eyckholt 300, 6419 DJ Heerlen, The Netherlands
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12
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Lin K, Zang D, Li X, Geng X. Superhydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene surfaces by spray coating on porous and continuous substrates. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06623b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the preparation of superhydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coating by a spraying method with copper mesh and aluminum plate substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejun Lin
- Functional Soft Matter & Materials Group
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
| | - Duyang Zang
- Functional Soft Matter & Materials Group
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Functional Soft Matter & Materials Group
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
| | - Xingguo Geng
- Functional Soft Matter & Materials Group
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
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