1
|
Farinha JPS. Bright and Stable Nanomaterials for Imaging and Sensing. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3935. [PMID: 37835984 PMCID: PMC10575272 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review covers strategies to prepare high-performance emissive polymer nanomaterials, combining very high brightness and photostability, to respond to the drive for better imaging quality and lower detection limits in fluorescence imaging and sensing applications. The more common approaches to obtaining high-brightness nanomaterials consist of designing polymer nanomaterials carrying a large number of fluorescent dyes, either by attaching the dyes to individual polymer chains or by encapsulating the dyes in nanoparticles. In both cases, the dyes can be covalently linked to the polymer during polymerization (by using monomers functionalized with fluorescent groups), or they can be incorporated post-synthesis, using polymers with reactive groups, or encapsulating the unmodified dyes. Silica nanoparticles in particular, obtained by the condensation polymerization of silicon alcoxides, provide highly crosslinked environments that protect the dyes from photodegradation and offer excellent chemical modification flexibility. An alternative and less explored strategy is to increase the brightness of each individual dye. This can be achieved by using nanostructures that couple dyes to plasmonic nanoparticles so that the plasmon resonance can act as an electromagnetic field concentrator to increase the dye excitation efficiency and/or interact with the dye to increase its emission quantum yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Paulo Sequeira Farinha
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kureha T, Hiroshige S, Suzuki D, Sawada J, Aoki D, Takata T, Shibayama M. Quantification for the Mixing of Polymers on Microspheres in Waterborne Latex Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:4855-4862. [PMID: 32348148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although tremendous efforts have been devoted to the structural analysis and understanding of the toughness of latex films, in which soft elastomer microspheres are interpenetrated, a method to quantitatively analyze the mixing of polymer chains at the microsphere surface, i.e., delocalization of hydrophilic charged group on the polymer chains by aging, has not yet been established. In this study, small-angle X-ray scattering was applied to characterize latex films by assuming a pseudo-two-phase system, which consists of an average-electron density microsphere core and a high-electron density interphase between the microsphere interfaces due to localized charged groups. The thus obtained parameter, i.e., the characteristic interfacial thickness (tinter), quantitatively reflects the degree of mixing of polymer chains on the microsphere surface. We found that tinter is strongly correlated to the fracture energy of the latex films. The proposed analysis method for the microscopic mixing of polymers on the microsphere surface in the film can thus be expected to shed light on design guidelines for industrial latex films and on the understanding of the mechanical properties of such films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Kureha
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
| | | | - Daisuke Suzuki
- JST CREST (Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology), 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Jun Sawada
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Daisuke Aoki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- JST CREST (Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology), 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Takata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- JST CREST (Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology), 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Shibayama
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Al-Rashed MM, Niknezhad S, Jana SC. Mechanism and Factors Influencing Formation and Stability of Chitosan/Lignosulfonate Nanoparticles. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maher M. Al-Rashed
- Dr. M. M. Al-Rashed, Dr. S. Niknezhad, Prof. S. C. Jana; Department of Polymer Engineering; University of Akron; Akron OH 44325 USA
| | - Sepideh Niknezhad
- Dr. M. M. Al-Rashed, Dr. S. Niknezhad, Prof. S. C. Jana; Department of Polymer Engineering; University of Akron; Akron OH 44325 USA
| | - Sadhan C. Jana
- Dr. M. M. Al-Rashed, Dr. S. Niknezhad, Prof. S. C. Jana; Department of Polymer Engineering; University of Akron; Akron OH 44325 USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shere I, Malani A. Polymerization kinetics of a multi-functional silica precursor studied using a novel Monte Carlo simulation technique. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:3554-3570. [PMID: 29337324 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07737h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Silica polymerization has been extensively used to synthesize various fascinating materials for industrial and technological applications. The polymerization protocol is modified by altering several parameters (such as the concentration of the precursor, temperature, pH) heuristically to obtain the desired end product. To properly understand the effect of such parameters, knowledge of molecular events occurring during the process of polymerization is essential. In this work, we developed algorithms to capture molecular events such as translation, rotation, and reactions using the reaction ensemble Monte Carlo (REMC) technique. Our algorithms simulate molecular events in accordance with physical time by correctly scaling the movements of a cluster with the monomer, thereby capturing the kinetics of the process. We studied the polymerization of the four coordinated silica (f4) precursor using our algorithm and observed excellent agreement between simulation results and experimental data. The algorithm was also used to study the polymerization of the three coordinated silica (f3) precursor and it was found that our simulations capture experimental kinetics well, thereby confirming that the developed algorithms are robust. We studied the effect of the functionality of the precursor on polymerization kinetics and the resulting structure by simulating silica systems having a mixture of two, three and four functional (f2, f3, and f4) silica precursors. We observed that network formation and cluster size decrease with the increase in the concentration of the f2 precursor. The radius of gyration (Rg) of the system initially increases due to network formation and decreases later due to the collapse of a large cluster. The Rg is directly correlated with the total number of primitive rings present in the system. The molecular level understanding obtained will be useful in the design of tailored silica nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inderdip Shere
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hiroshige S, Kureha T, Aoki D, Sawada J, Aoki D, Takata T, Suzuki D. Formation of Tough Films by Evaporation of Water from Dispersions of Elastomer Microspheres Crosslinked with Rotaxane Supramolecules. Chemistry 2017; 23:8405-8408. [PMID: 28493449 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Compared to rigid microspheres that consist, for example, of polystyrene or silica, soft and deformable elastomer microspheres can be used to generate colorless transparent films upon evaporating the solvent from microsphere-containing dispersions. To obtain tough films, a post-polymerization reaction to crosslink the microspheres is usually necessary, which requires extra additives during the drying process. This restriction renders this film-formation technology complex and rather unsuitable for applications in which impurities are undesirable. In the present study, it is demonstrated that tough elastomer microspheres that are crosslinked with rotaxanes can form tough bulk films upon evaporation of water from microsphere dispersions, so that post-polymerization reactions are not required. The results of this study should thus lead to new applications including coatings for biomaterials that need complete removal of all impurities from the materials prior to use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seina Hiroshige
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Takuma Kureha
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Daichi Aoki
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Jun Sawada
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Daisuke Aoki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Takata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan.,JST-CREST, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Daisuke Suzuki
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan.,Division of Smart Textiles, Institute for Fiber Engineering, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gonzalez-Alvarez MJ, Paternoga J, Breul K, Cho H, Roshandel MZ, Soleimani M, Winnik MA. Understanding particle formation in surfactant-free waterborne coatings prepared by emulsification of pre-formed polymers. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00387k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Concern for the environment has been driving major changes in the coatings industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Paternoga
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| | | | - Hyungjun Cho
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| | | | - Mohsen Soleimani
- BASF Corporation
- Advanced Materials and Systems Research
- Wyandotte
- USA
| | | |
Collapse
|