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Vandermeulen GWM, Boarino A, Klok H. Biodegradation of
water‐soluble
and
water‐dispersible
polymers for agricultural, consumer, and industrial applications—Challenges and opportunities for sustainable materials solutions. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Boarino
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Bâtiment MXD Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Harm‐Anton Klok
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Bâtiment MXD Lausanne Switzerland
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2
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Zhang C, Gao J, Hankett J, Varanasi P, Kerobo CO, Zhao S, Chen Z. Interfacial Structure and Interfacial Tension in Model Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:5311-5320. [PMID: 33880927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRPs) are widely used materials with outstanding mechanical properties. The wettability between the polymer matrix and carbon fiber in the interphase region significantly influences the strength of the composite. Sizing agents consisting of multiple components are therefore frequently applied to improve wetting and interfacial adhesion between polymers and carbon fiber in CFRPs. However, the complex compositions of sizing solutions make detailed interpretations of their impacts on interfacial wetting difficult. In this work, surface-sensitive sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy was utilized to characterize the sizing/polymer and sizing/carbon fiber interfacial structures to gain molecular-level understandings of the wetting improvements afforded by sizing. A mixture sizing solution containing polyethylenimine (PEI, adhesion promoter) and Lutensol (surfactant) was investigated when contacting nylon (model plastics), polypropylene (model plastics), and graphite (model carbon fiber). Our results demonstrated that although the addition of the surfactant led to an interfacial tension decrease (in comparison to pure PEI solution) on nylon and polypropylene, the interfacial tension was surprisingly increased on graphite, contrasting with the commonly accepted function of surfactants. SFG characterizations revealed the multilayer molecular structures at these buried interfaces. The peculiar interfacial tension increase at the graphite/sizing interface was then correlated to the strong amine-π interactions between PEI and graphite. PEI was therefore demonstrated to be an effective adhesion promoter for carbon fiber. This article reports the first investigation of (polymer + surfactant) complex structures at solid-liquid interfaces. The valuable structural insights obtained by SFG analysis enable more accurate understandings of the composition-wettability (structure-function) relationship. These detailed understandings of interactions between sizing and the substrates promote more informed and optimized selections of sizing formulae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jinpeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jeanne Hankett
- BASF Corporation, 1609 Biddle Avenue, Wyandotte, Michigan 48192, United States
| | - Prabodh Varanasi
- BASF Corporation, 1609 Biddle Avenue, Wyandotte, Michigan 48192, United States
| | - Charles O Kerobo
- BASF Corporation, 1609 Biddle Avenue, Wyandotte, Michigan 48192, United States
| | - Shouxun Zhao
- BASF Corporation, 1609 Biddle Avenue, Wyandotte, Michigan 48192, United States
| | - Zhan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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3
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Tran E, Carpenter AP, Richmond GL. Probing the Molecular Structure of Coadsorbed Polyethylenimine and Charged Surfactants at the Nanoemulsion Droplet Surface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:9081-9089. [PMID: 32668900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanoemulsions, nanoscale oil droplets dispersed in an aqueous medium, can be stabilized by polymer-surfactant (PS) mixtures, making them ubiquitous in commercial, industrial, and pharmaceutical applications. It is well-known that the presence of PS layers coadsorbed at the droplet surface plays a significant role in droplet stability and functionality; however, little is understood about the molecular nature of this coadsorption. Such insights are especially important for application in drug delivery where physiological conditions can vary the environmental pH and significantly impact stabilization. Hence, the focus of this study examines the surface properties of ∼300 nm nanoemulsions stabilized by the coadsorption of polyethylenimine (PEI) and charged alkyl surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB). PEI is a common charge-tunable polymer used in nanocarrier templates. This study employs vibrational sum frequency scattering spectroscopy, coupled with ζ-potential and surface pressure measurements performed as a function of varying concentrations and pH. The surface specific spectroscopic results reported herein reveal that PEI adsorption and molecular ordering is influenced by both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. While the degree of PEI adsorption is stronger in the presence of anionic SDS than cationic DTAB, for both surfactants, PEI is molecularly disordered in acidic conditions and adopts a persistent net ordering as the solution pH becomes more basic. Both surfactants also display degrees of interfacial conformational ordering that is altered by the presence of the coadsorbed polymer. These results demonstrate the molecular-level diversity in PEI behavior at the droplet interface and provide insight into how such behavior can be controlled to yield nanocarrier technology with specific functions and enhanced efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Andrew P Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Geraldine L Richmond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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4
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Li P, Penfold J, Thomas RK, Xu H. Multilayers formed by polyelectrolyte-surfactant and related mixtures at the air-water interface. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 269:43-86. [PMID: 31029983 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The structure and occurrence of multilayered adsorption at the air-water interface of surfactants in combination with other oppositely charged species is reviewed. The main species that trigger multilayer formation are multiply charged metal, oligo- and polyions. The structures vary from the attachment of one or two more or less complete surfactant bilayers to the initial surfactant monolayer at the air-water interface to the attachment of a greater number of bilayers with a more defective structure. The majority of the wide range of observations of such structures have been made using neutron reflectometry. The possible mechanisms for the attraction of surfactant bilayers to an air-water interface are discussed and particular attention is given to the question of whether these structures are true equilibrium structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixun Li
- STFC, Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffery Penfold
- STFC, Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RA, United Kingdom
| | - Robert K Thomas
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Hui Xu
- KLK OLEO, Room 1603, 16th Floor, LZY Tower, 4711 Jiao Tong Road, Putuo District, Shanghai 200331, China
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5
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Guzmán E, Llamas S, Maestro A, Fernández-Peña L, Akanno A, Miller R, Ortega F, Rubio RG. Polymer-surfactant systems in bulk and at fluid interfaces. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 233:38-64. [PMID: 26608684 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The interest of polymer-surfactant systems has undergone a spectacular development in the last thirty years due to their complex behavior and their importance in different industrial sectors. The importance can be mainly associated with the rich phase behavior of these mixtures that confers a wide range of physico-chemical properties to the complexes formed by polymers and surfactants, both in bulk and at the interfaces. This latter aspect is especially relevant because of the use of their mixture for the stabilization of dispersed systems such as foams and emulsions, with an increasing interest in several fields such as cosmetic, food science or fabrication of controlled drug delivery structures. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of different aspects related to the phase behavior of these mixtures and their intriguing behavior after adsorption at the liquid/air interface. A discussion of some physical properties of the bulk is also included. The discussion clearly points out that much more work is needed for obtaining the necessary insights for designing polymer-surfactant mixtures for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Guzmán
- Departamento de Química Física I-Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sara Llamas
- Departamento de Química Física I-Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Istituto per l'Energetica e le Interfasi-U.O.S. Genova-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via de Marini 6, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Armando Maestro
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Fernández-Peña
- Departamento de Química Física I-Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrew Akanno
- Departamento de Química Física I-Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Pluridisciplinar-Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Juan XXIII 1, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Reinhard Miller
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid und Grenzflächenforschung, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476-Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Francisco Ortega
- Departamento de Química Física I-Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón G Rubio
- Departamento de Química Física I-Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Pluridisciplinar-Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Juan XXIII 1, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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6
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Penfold J, Thomas RK, Li P, Batchelor SN, Tucker IM, Burley AW. Tuning Polyelectrolyte-Surfactant Interactions: Modification of Poly(ethylenimine) with Propylene Oxide and Blocks of Ethylene Oxide. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:1073-1081. [PMID: 26757099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Significantly enhanced adsorption at the air-water interface arises in polyelectrolyte/ionic surfactant mixtures, such as poly(ethylenimine)/sodium dodecyl sulfate (PEI/SDS), down to relatively low surfactant concentrations due to a strong surface interaction between the polyelectrolyte and surfactant. In the region of charge neutralization this can result in precipitation or coacervation and give rise to undesirable properties in many applications. Ethoxylation of the PEI can avoid precipitation, but can also considerably weaken the interaction. Localization of the ethoxylation can overcome these shortcomings. Further manipulation of the polyelectrolyte-surfactant interaction can be achieved by selective ethoxylation and propoxylation of the PEI amine groups. Neutron reflectivity and surface tension data are presented here which show how the polyelectrolyte-surfactant interaction can be manipulated by tuning the PEI structure. Using deuterium labeled surfactant and polymer the neutron reflectivity measurements provide details of the surface composition and structure of the adsorbed layer. The general pattern of behavior is that at low surfactant concentrations there is enhanced surfactant adsorption due to the strong surface interaction; whereas around the region of the SDS critical micellar concentration, cmc, the surface is partially depleted of surfactant in favor bulk aggregate structures. The results presented here show how these characteristic features of the adsorption are affected by the degree of ethoxylation and propoxylation. Increasing the degree of propoxylation enhances the surfactant adsorption, whereas varying the degree of ethoxylation has a less pronounced effect. In the region of surfactant surface depletion increasing both the degree of ethoxylation and propoxylation result in an increased surface depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Penfold
- ISIS, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Chilton, Didcot, OXON OX1 0QX, United Kingdom
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - R K Thomas
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - P Li
- ISIS, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Chilton, Didcot, OXON OX1 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S N Batchelor
- Unilever Research and Development Laboratory , Port Sunlight, Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral CH62 4ZD, United Kingdom
| | - I M Tucker
- Unilever Research and Development Laboratory , Port Sunlight, Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral CH62 4ZD, United Kingdom
| | - A W Burley
- Unilever Research and Development Laboratory , Port Sunlight, Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral CH62 4ZD, United Kingdom
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