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Imanishi A. Preparation of Nanoparticles and Diffusion Behavior of Metal Ions in Ionic Liquids. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300110. [PMID: 37194965 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have attracted much attention as tunable liquids because of their unique structures and properties. However, the mechanisms of chemical reactions and solute diffusion in ionic liquids are still unknown. This article summarizes our previous studies and recent results on the mechanisms of metal particle formation and solute diffusion in ionic liquids, focusing on the local structure of ionic liquids. It was found that the shape and size of metal particles formed in ionic liquids using electron beams or X-rays are strongly influenced by the local structure. In the study of the diffusion behavior of metal ions in ionic liquids, we proposed a hopping-like diffusion model and proposed that this behavior could be strongly influenced by local structures such as hole concentration and/or domain structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Imanishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
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Turek N, Pala P, Szpecht A, Zając A, Sembratowicz T, Martynkien T, Śmiglak M, Komorowska K. Optical Fiber Grating-Prism Fabrication by Imprint Patterning of Ionic-Liquid-Based Resist. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1370. [PMID: 36674882 PMCID: PMC9865067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a method of microstructure fabrication on the tip of the optical fiber using a UV soft-imprint process of polymerizable ionic liquid-based optical resist. Ionic liquid with two UV-sensitive vinylbenzyl groups in the structure was diluted in non-hazardous propylene glycol (PG) to obtain liquid material for imprinting. No additional organic solvent was required. The impact of propylene glycol amount and exposure dose on optical and mechanical properties was investigated. The final procedure of the UV imprint on the optical fiber tip was developed, including the mold preparation, setup building, UV exposure and post-laser cure. As the IL-containing vinylbenzyl groups can also be polymerized by the radical rearrangement of double bonds through thermal heating, the influence of the addition of 1-2% BHT polymerization inhibitor was verified. As a result, we present the fabricated diffraction gratings and the optical fiber spectrometer component-grism (grating-prism), which allows obtaining a dispersion spectrum at the output of an optical in line with the optical fiber long axis, as the main component in an optical fiber spectrometer. The process is very simple due to the fact that its optimization already starts in the process of molecule design, which is part of the trend of sustainable technologies. The final material can be designed by the tailoring of the anion and/or cation molecule, which in turn can lead to a more efficient fabrication procedure and additional functionalities of the final structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Turek
- Lukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Pala
- Department of Optics and Photonics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego Str., 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrea Szpecht
- Poznan Science and Technology Park, Rubiez Str. 46, 61-612 Poznan, Poland
| | - Adrian Zając
- Poznan Science and Technology Park, Rubiez Str. 46, 61-612 Poznan, Poland
| | - Teresa Sembratowicz
- Department of Optics and Photonics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego Str., 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Martynkien
- Department of Optics and Photonics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego Str., 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Śmiglak
- Poznan Science and Technology Park, Rubiez Str. 46, 61-612 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Komorowska
- Lukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Optics and Photonics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego Str., 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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Parent LR, Gnanasekaran K, Korpanty J, Gianneschi NC. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Polymeric Materials by In Situ Liquid-Phase Transmission Electron Microscopy. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:14-38. [PMID: 35548998 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A century ago, Hermann Staudinger proposed the macromolecular theory of polymers, and now, as we enter the second century of polymer science, we face a different set of opportunities and challenges for the development of functional soft matter. Indeed, many fundamental questions remain open, relating to physical structures and mechanisms of phase transformations at the molecular and nanoscale. In this Viewpoint, we describe efforts to develop a dynamic, in situ microscopy tool suited to the study of polymeric materials at the nanoscale that allows for direct observation of discrete structures and processes in solution, as a complement to light, neutron, and X-ray scattering methods. Liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy (LPTEM) is a nascent in situ imaging technique for characterizing and examining solvated nanomaterials in real time. Though still under development, LPTEM has been shown to be capable of several modes of imaging: (1) imaging static solvated materials analogous to cryo-TEM, (2) videography of nanomaterials in motion, (3) observing solutions or nanomaterials undergoing physical and chemical transformations, including synthesis, assembly, and phase transitions, and (4) observing electron beam-induced chemical-materials processes. Herein, we describe opportunities and limitations of LPTEM for polymer science. We review the basic experimental platform of LPTEM and describe the origin of electron beam effects that go hand in hand with the imaging process. These electron beam effects cause perturbation and damage to the sample and solvent that can manifest as artefacts in images and videos. We describe sample-specific experimental guidelines and outline approaches to mitigate, characterize, and quantify beam damaging effects. Altogether, we seek to provide an overview of this nascent field in the context of its potential to contribute to the advancement of polymer science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas R. Parent
- Innovation Partnership Building, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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Ferreira VC, Marin G, Dupont J, Correia RRB. Nonlinear and thermo-optical characterisation of bare imidazoliumionic liquids. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 33:095101. [PMID: 33331295 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abcdaf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear optical (NLO) and thermo-optical properties of two pure ionic liquids, BMIOMe.NTf2and BMIOMe.N(CN)2, were examined in this study. This was the first nonlinear refractive index determination of a pristine ionic liquid by a standard self-refraction experiment. The NLO characterisations were performed using Z-scan and EZ-scan techniques in the thermally managed approach, with a mode-locked femtosecond laser source. Thermal properties were analysed concomitantly, and the thermo-optical coefficient, thermal characteristic time, and lens strength were characterised. These results define the parameters to be adopted in the method of nanoparticles formation by laser ablation in an ionic liquid solution and indicate that BMIOMe.NTf2is a prominent material to be engineered for photonics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius C Ferreira
- OPTMA - Optics, Photonics and Materials Group, Institute of Physics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Graciane Marin
- LAMOCA - Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jairton Dupont
- LAMOCA - Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ricardo R B Correia
- OPTMA - Optics, Photonics and Materials Group, Institute of Physics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Kinsey T, Glynn K, Cosby T, Iacob C, Sangoro J. Ion Dynamics of Monomeric Ionic Liquids Polymerized In Situ within Silica Nanopores. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:44325-44334. [PMID: 32886472 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polymerized ionic liquids are a promising class of versatile solid-state electrolytes for applications ranging from electrochemical energy storage to flexible smart materials that remain limited by their relatively low ionic conductivities compared to conventional electrolytes. Here, we show that the in situ polymerization of the vinyl cationic monomer, 1-ethyl-3-vinylimidazolium with the bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide counteranion, under nanoconfinement within 7.5 ± 1.0 nm diameter nanopores results in a nearly 1000-fold enhancement in the ionic conductivity compared to the material polymerized in bulk. Using insights from broadband dielectric and Raman spectroscopic techniques, we attribute these results to the role of confinement on molecular conformations, ion coordination, and subsequently the ionic conductivity in the polymerized ionic liquid. These results contribute to the understanding of the dynamics of nanoconfined molecules and show that in situ polymerization under nanoscale geometric confinement is a promising path toward enhancing ion conductivity in polymer electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kinsey
- The Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, United States
| | - Kaitlin Glynn
- The Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, United States
| | - Tyler Cosby
- Department of Chemistry, US Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, United States
| | - Ciprian Iacob
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies, ICSI Rm, Valcea, Romania 240050
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe, Germany 76128
| | - Joshua Sangoro
- The Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, United States
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High Figure of Merit Optical Buffering in Coupled-Slot Slab Photonic Crystal Waveguide with Ionic Liquid. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091742. [PMID: 32899131 PMCID: PMC7558017 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Slow light with adequate low group velocity and wide bandwidth with a flat band of the zero-dispersion area were investigated. High buffering capabilities were obtained in a silicon-polymer coupled-slot slab photonic crystal waveguide (SP-CS-SPCW) with infiltrating slots by ionic liquid. A figure of merit (FoM) around 0.663 with the lowest physical bit length Lbit of 4.6748 µm for each stored bit in the optical communication waveband was gained by appropriately modifying the square air slot length. Posteriorly, by filling the slots with ionic liquid, the Lbit was enhanced to be 4.2817 μm with the highest FoM of 0.72402 in wider transmission bandwidth and ultra-high bit rate in terabit range, which may become useful for the future 6G mobile communication network. Ionic liquids have had a noticeable effect in altering the optical properties of photonic crystals. A polymer was used for the future incorporation of an electro-optic effect in buffers to realize the dynamic controlling of optical properties. Ionic liquids enhanced the transmission rate through optical materials. Additionally, the delay time in the ns-range was achieved, providing longer delay and ultra-low group velocity, which is important for light-matter interaction in light amplifiers and nonlinear devices.
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Rola K, Zajac A, Czajkowski M, Fiedot-Tobola M, Szpecht A, Cybinska J, Smiglak M, Komorowska K. Electron Beam Patterning of Polymerizable Ionic Liquid Films for Application in Photonics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:11968-11978. [PMID: 31442379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Planar photonic components can be fabricated with high resolution by electron beam patterning of polymer thin films on solid substrates such as silicon and glass. However, polymer films are normally formed by spin-coating lithographic resists containing not only polymers but also volatile solvents, which is a serious environmental and health issue. Therefore, we investigate a new type of material for planar structure fabrication (i.e., room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) with a polymerizable allyl group) that is electron-beam-curable, solvent-free, and thus potentially interesting for processing materials with weak resistance to solvents. We fabricate planar polymer microstructures by electron beam patterning of RTIL thin films in vacuum, which is possible because of the negligible volatility of ionic liquids. Three different polymerizable ionic liquids {i.e., [Allmim][Cl] (1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride), [Allmim][NTf2] (1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide), and [Allmmim][NTf2] (1-allyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide)} are compared in terms of the quality of the fabricated microstructures. We demonstrate that the shape of the more viscous RTIL with the Cl- anion is less distorted during electron-beam-activated polymerization than the shape of the less viscous RTILs with a large NTf2- anion. Furthermore, the surface tension of the NTf2-based ionic liquid decreases significantly with temperature as compared to that of the Cl-based ionic liquid. Thus, we suggest that the thermocapillary effect, that is, the Marangoni flow caused by a temperature gradient, might be responsible for the differences in the shape of the RTIL-derived microstructures. Also, we analyze the chemistry of the electron-beam-activated polymerization of RTIL by the use of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and conclude that because of the disappearance of C═C bonds the free radical polymerization is a probable reaction mechanism. Finally, we show that polymerized microstructures are potentially attractive as planar photonic components because of good optical properties such as a high refractive index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Rola
- ŁUKASIEWICZ Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development , Stablowicka 147 Str , 54-066 Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Adrian Zajac
- Material Synthesis Group, Poznan Science and Technology Park , ul. Rubiez 46 , 61-612 Poznan , Poland
| | - Maciej Czajkowski
- ŁUKASIEWICZ Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development , Stablowicka 147 Str , 54-066 Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Marta Fiedot-Tobola
- ŁUKASIEWICZ Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development , Stablowicka 147 Str , 54-066 Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Andrea Szpecht
- Material Synthesis Group, Poznan Science and Technology Park , ul. Rubiez 46 , 61-612 Poznan , Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry , Adam Mickiewicz University , Umultowska 89B , 61-614 Poznan , Poland
| | - Joanna Cybinska
- ŁUKASIEWICZ Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development , Stablowicka 147 Str , 54-066 Wroclaw , Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry , University of Wroclaw , 14 F. Joliot-Curie Str . 50-383 Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Marcin Smiglak
- Material Synthesis Group, Poznan Science and Technology Park , ul. Rubiez 46 , 61-612 Poznan , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Komorowska
- ŁUKASIEWICZ Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development , Stablowicka 147 Str , 54-066 Wroclaw , Poland
- Department of Optics and Photonics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology , Wroclaw University of Science and Technology , 27 Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego Str ., 50-370 Wroclaw , Poland
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Rola K, Zajac A, Czajkowski M, Cybinska J, Martynkien T, Smiglak M, Komorowska K. Ionic liquids-a novel material for planar photonics. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:475202. [PMID: 30198858 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aae01e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Electron beam patterning is an important technology in the fabrication of miniaturized photonic devices. The fabrication process conventionally involves the use of radiation sensitive polymer-based solutions (called resists). We propose to replace typical polymer resists with eco-friendly solvent-free room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), which are polymerized in situ and solidified by an electron beam. It is demonstrated that the shapes of polymerized structures are different for high-viscous Cl-based RTILs and low-viscous NTf2-based RTILs. Due to the the satisfactory quality of the polymerized spatial microstructures and their light transmission properties, the RTIL-derived microstructures are potentially attractive as photonic elements for near-infrared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Rola
- PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Wroclaw, Poland
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Qian W, Texter J, Yan F. Frontiers in poly(ionic liquid)s: syntheses and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:1124-1159. [PMID: 28180218 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00620e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 503] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We review recent works on the synthesis and application of poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs). Novel chemical structures, different synthetic strategies and controllable morphologies are introduced as a supplement to PIL systems already reported. The primary properties determining applications, such as ionic conductivity, aqueous solubility, thermodynamic stability and electrochemical/chemical durability, are discussed. Furthermore, the near-term applications of PILs in multiple fields, such as their use in electrochemical energy materials, stimuli-responsive materials, carbon materials, and antimicrobial materials, in catalysis, in sensors, in absorption and in separation materials, as well as several special-interest applications, are described in detail. We also discuss the limitations of PIL applications, efforts to improve PIL physics, and likely future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.
| | - John Texter
- School of Engineering Technology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA
| | - Feng Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.
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Liu Z, Fang Y, Jia H, Wang C, Song Q, Li L, Lin J, Huang Y, Yu C, Tang C. Novel multifunctional cheese-like 3D carbon-BN as a highly efficient adsorbent for water purification. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1104. [PMID: 29348658 PMCID: PMC5773703 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a novel three dimensional carbon boron nitride (3D C-BN) was successfully prepared. The obtained material has porous cheese-like structure and pore size ranging from 2 nm to 100 nm. Attractively, the 3D C-BN, which combines the adsorption advantages of BN and carbon together, exhibits excellent adsorption properties for organic dyes, oils and heavy metal ions. The maximum removal capacities of 3D C-BN for methyl blue (MB) and congo red (CR) are 408 mg g−1 and 307 mg g−1, respectively. Furthermore, 3D C-BN can quickly and efficiently remove oils (salad oil, gasoline and pump oil) and heavy metal ions (Cr3+, Cd2+ and Ni2+) from waste water. The macro bulk 3D C-BN, which is more convenient to use than powdered materials, can be reused by burning or heating in air and still maintains high adsorption capacity. Significantly, these superior performances can find practical application in water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenya Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Boron Nitride Micro and Nano Materials, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
| | - Yi Fang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China. .,Hebei Key Laboratory of Boron Nitride Micro and Nano Materials, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China.
| | - Huichao Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Boron Nitride Micro and Nano Materials, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
| | - Chong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Boron Nitride Micro and Nano Materials, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Boron Nitride Micro and Nano Materials, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
| | - Lanlan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Boron Nitride Micro and Nano Materials, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
| | - Jing Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Boron Nitride Micro and Nano Materials, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
| | - Yang Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Boron Nitride Micro and Nano Materials, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
| | - Chao Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Boron Nitride Micro and Nano Materials, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
| | - Chengchun Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Boron Nitride Micro and Nano Materials, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, P. R. China
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Zhong W, Bobbink FD, Fei Z, Dyson PJ. Polyimidazolium Salts: Robust Catalysts for the Cycloaddition of Carbon Dioxide into Carbonates in Solvent-Free Conditions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:2728-2735. [PMID: 28464556 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201700570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in sustainable heterogeneous catalysts based on organic polymers. Here, we describe a series of polyimidazolium salt catalysts, prepared from the direct reaction of arene-bridged bis- and tris-alkyl halides with trimethylsilylimidazole. The polyimidazolium salts were characterized by spectroscopic and analytical techniques and it was found that their morphology and porosity could be controlled by adjusting the steric parameters of the spacer in the alkyl-halide starting materials. Moreover, the polymers are excellent heterogeneous organocatalysts for the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides to afford cyclic carbonates at atmospheric pressure under solvent-free conditions. The polymer catalysts exhibit long-term stability and may be recycled and reused at least 10 times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhong
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, P. R. China
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Felix D Bobbink
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zhaofu Fei
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Taaber T, Antsov M, Vlassov S, Mäeorg U, Dorogin L, Järvekülg M, Saal K, Lõhmus R. Formation and characterization of microcantilevers produced from ionic liquid by electron beam irradiation. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Govinda V, Venkatesu P, Bahadur I. Molecular interactions between ammonium-based ionic liquids and molecular solvents: current progress and challenges. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:8278-326. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00199h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this perspective, we describe how the thermodynamic parameters can be effectively used to gain valuable insights into molecular interactions between ammonium-based ILs and molecular solvents, which would be most useful in various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varadhi Govinda
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi – 110 007
- India
| | | | - Indra Bahadur
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science Innovation & Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area
- Faculty of Agriculture
- Science and Technology
- North-West University (Mafikeng Campus)
- Mmabatho 2735
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15
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Jia H, Li J, Liu Z, Gao R, Abbas S, Fang Y, Yu C, Tang C. Three-dimensional carbon boron nitrides with a broken, hollow, spherical shell for water treatment. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10689g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Broken hollow spherical shell like 3D C-BNs with a very fast dye adsorption rate for water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichao Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- P. R. China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- P. R. China
| | - Zhenya Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- P. R. China
| | - Ruoyuan Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- P. R. China
| | - Saleem Abbas
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- P. R. China
| | - Yi Fang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- P. R. China
| | - Chao Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- P. R. China
| | - Chengchun Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- P. R. China
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Grills DC, Farrington JA, Layne BH, Preses JM, Bernstein HJ, Wishart JF. Development of nanosecond time-resolved infrared detection at the LEAF pulse radiolysis facility. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:044102. [PMID: 25933871 DOI: 10.1063/1.4918728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
When coupled with transient absorption spectroscopy, pulse radiolysis, which utilizes high-energy electron pulses from an accelerator, is a powerful tool for investigating the kinetics and thermodynamics of a wide range of radiation-induced redox and electron transfer processes. The majority of these investigations detect transient species in the UV, visible, or near-IR spectral regions. Unfortunately, the often-broad and featureless absorption bands in these regions can make the definitive identification of intermediates difficult. Time-resolved vibrational spectroscopy would offer much improved structural characterization, but has received only limited application in pulse radiolysis. In this paper, we describe in detail the development of a unique nanosecond time-resolved infrared (TRIR) detection capability for condensed-phase pulse radiolysis on a new beam line at the LEAF facility of Brookhaven National Laboratory. The system makes use of a suite of high-power, continuous wave external-cavity quantum cascade lasers as the IR probe source, with coverage from 2330 to 1051 cm(-1). The response time of the TRIR detection setup is ∼40 ns, with a typical sensitivity of ∼100 μOD after 4-8 signal averages using a dual-beam probe/reference normalization detection scheme. This new detection method has enabled mechanistic investigations of a range of radiation-induced chemical processes, some of which are highlighted here.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Grills
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, P.O. Box 5000, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - Jaime A Farrington
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, P.O. Box 5000, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - Bobby H Layne
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, P.O. Box 5000, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - Jack M Preses
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, P.O. Box 5000, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - Herbert J Bernstein
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Dowling College, 1300 William Floyd Parkway, Shirley, New York 11967, USA
| | - James F Wishart
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, P.O. Box 5000, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
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