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Hasani MG, Berisha A, Hetemi. D, Decorse P, Pinson J, Podvorica FI. Surface Modification of Lignite with Alkyl and Mixed Alkyl-Aryl Films Generated from an Aryl Diazonium Salt and Alkyl Halides: Experimental Results and Theoretical Analyses. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202300134. [PMID: 38051924 PMCID: PMC11004459 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In search of new possible uses of cheap lignite from the Kosova Bassin, the surface of lignite powders is modified with alkyl or mixed alkyl-aryl layers. Modification is performed in aqueous acid solution containing an aryl diazonium salt and an alkyl halide compound in millimolar concentration, in the presence of potassium iodide as a reducing agent at equimolar concentration. Attachment of alkyl films substituted with carboxylic groups and aryl films with nitro or bis-trifluoromethyl groups is characterized by IRATR and XPS spectroscopy. The formation of a stable interface during the grafting reactions of alkyl and aryl moieties with lignite surface has been confirmed by theoretical calculations. Aryl diazonium salts once chemically or spontaneously reduced are a source of aryl radicals, able to attach chemically to the material surface or to react with alkyl halides by abstracting the halogen atom. If the aryl diazonium salts are unable to graft to the coal surface due to steric hindrance, they can, nevertheless, abstract an iodine or bromine atom to generate alkyl radicals that react with the material surface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Avni Berisha
- Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of Prishtina10000PrishtinaKosovo
- NanoAlb-Unit of Albanian Nanoscience and Nanotechnology1000TiranaAlbania
| | - Dardan Hetemi.
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Prishtina10000PrishtinaKosovo
- NanoAlb-Unit of Albanian Nanoscience and Nanotechnology1000TiranaAlbania
| | | | - Jean Pinson
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, ITODYS75013ParisFrance
| | - Fetah I. Podvorica
- Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of Prishtina10000PrishtinaKosovo
- Academy of Sciences and Arts of Kosova, Rr. “Agim Ramadani” Nr. 30510000PrishtinaKosovo
- NanoAlb-Unit of Albanian Nanoscience and Nanotechnology1000TiranaAlbania
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Wang Z, Cui F, Sui Y, Yan J. Radical chemistry in polymer science: an overview and recent advances. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:1580-1603. [PMID: 37915554 PMCID: PMC10616707 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Radical chemistry is one of the most important methods used in modern polymer science and industry. Over the past century, new knowledge on radical chemistry has both promoted and been generated from the emergence of polymer synthesis and modification techniques. In this review, we discuss radical chemistry in polymer science from four interconnected aspects. We begin with radical polymerization, the most employed technique for industrial production of polymeric materials, and other polymer synthesis involving a radical process. Post-polymerization modification, including polymer crosslinking and polymer surface modification, is the key process that introduces functionality and practicality to polymeric materials. Radical depolymerization, an efficient approach to destroy polymers, finds applications in two distinct fields, semiconductor industry and environmental protection. Polymer chemistry has largely diverged from organic chemistry with the fine division of modern science but polymer chemists constantly acquire new inspirations from organic chemists. Dialogues on radical chemistry between the two communities will deepen the understanding of the two fields and benefit the humanity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiao Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Rd., Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Feichen Cui
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Rd., Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yang Sui
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Rd., Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jiajun Yan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Rd., Shanghai, 201210, China
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Hetemi D, Combellas C, Kanoufi F, Podvorica FI. Direct vs Indirect Grafting of Alkyl and Aryl Halides. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1844-1849. [PMID: 34125990 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The direct and indirect electrochemical grafting of alkyl and aryl halides (RX, ArX) on carbon, metal and polymer surfaces is examined. Their electrochemical reduction occurs at highly negative potential in organic solvents and very often produces carbanions because the reduction potentials of RX and ArX are more negative than those of their corresponding radicals. Therefore, direct electrografting of alkyl and aryl radicals generated from RX and ArX is not easy to perform. This obstacle is overcome using aryl radicals derived from the 2,6-dimethylbenzenediazonium salt (2,6-DMBD), which do not react on the electrode surface due to their steric hindrance but react in solution by abstracting an iodine or bromine atom from RX (X=I, Br) or ArI to give alkyl or aryl radicals. As a consequence, alkyl and aryl radicals are generated at very low driving force by diverting the reactivity of aryl radicals derived from an aryl diazonium salt; they attack the electrode surface and form strongly attached organic layers. This strategy applies to the chemical modification of polymers (polyethylene, polymethylmethacrylate) by alkyl halides under heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dardan Hetemi
- Pharmacy Department, Medical Faculty, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Rr. "Dëshmorët e Kombit" p.n., 10000, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Catherine Combellas
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Kanoufi
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, UMR 7086, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Fetah I Podvorica
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematical-Natural Sciences, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", 10000, Prishtina, Kosovo.,Academy of Sciences and Arts of Kosova, Rr. "Agim Ramadani" nr 305, 10000, Prishtina, Kosovo.,NanoAlb-Unit of Albanian Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 1000, Tirana, Albania
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4
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Médard J, Berisha A, Decorse P, Kanoufi F, Combellas C, Pinson J, Podvorica FI. Electrografting of methylamine through C–H activation or oxidation to give highly aminated surfaces. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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5
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Combellas C, Kanoufi F, Pinson J, Podvorica FI. Indirect electrografting of aryl iodides. Electrochem commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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6
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Berisha A, Combellas C, Kanoufi F, Médard J, Decorse P, Mangeney C, Kherbouche I, Seydou M, Maurel F, Pinson J. Alkyl-Modified Gold Surfaces: Characterization of the Au-C Bond. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:11264-11271. [PMID: 30173513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The surface of gold can be modified with alkyl groups through a radical crossover reaction involving alkyliodides or bromides in the presence of a sterically hindered diazonium salt. In this paper, we characterize the Au-C(alkyl) bond by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS); the corresponding peak appears at 387 cm-1 close to the value obtained by theoretical modeling. The Au-C(alkyl) bond energy is also calculated, it reaches -36.9 kcal mol-1 similar to that of an Au-S-alkyl bond but also of an Au-C(aryl) bond. In agreement with the similar energies of Au-C(alkyl) and Au-S-(alkyl), we demonstrate experimentally that these groups can be exchanged on the surface of gold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avni Berisha
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS , 15 rue J-A de Baïf , 75013 Paris , France
- Chemistry Department of Natural Sciences Faculty , University of Prishtina , rr. "Nëna Tereze" nr. 5 , 10000 Prishtina , Kosovo
| | - Catherine Combellas
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS , 15 rue J-A de Baïf , 75013 Paris , France
| | - Frédéric Kanoufi
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS , 15 rue J-A de Baïf , 75013 Paris , France
| | - Jérôme Médard
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS , 15 rue J-A de Baïf , 75013 Paris , France
| | - Philippe Decorse
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS , 15 rue J-A de Baïf , 75013 Paris , France
| | - Claire Mangeney
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR 8601 CNRS , 45 rue des Saints Pères , 75006 Paris , France
| | - Issam Kherbouche
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR 8601 CNRS , 45 rue des Saints Pères , 75006 Paris , France
| | - Mahamadou Seydou
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS , 15 rue J-A de Baïf , 75013 Paris , France
| | - François Maurel
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS , 15 rue J-A de Baïf , 75013 Paris , France
| | - Jean Pinson
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS , 15 rue J-A de Baïf , 75013 Paris , France
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7
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González MCR, Carro P, Hernández Creus A. Morphological Changes in Electrografted Aryl-Based Thin Films Induced by using Diazonium Salts or Aryl Iodides. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201701237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam C. Rodríguez González
- Área de Química Física, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna; Instituto de Materiales y Nanotecnología; 38200-La Laguna Tenerife Spain
| | - Pilar Carro
- Área de Química Física, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna; Instituto de Materiales y Nanotecnología; 38200-La Laguna Tenerife Spain
| | - Alberto Hernández Creus
- Área de Química Física, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna; Instituto de Materiales y Nanotecnología; 38200-La Laguna Tenerife Spain
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8
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Quarels RD, Zhai X, Kuruppu N, Hedlund JK, Ellsworth AA, Walker AV, Garno JC, Ragains JR. Application of visible-light photosensitization to form alkyl-radical-derived thin films on gold. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:1863-1877. [PMID: 29046834 PMCID: PMC5629420 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Visible-light irradiation of phthalimide esters in the presence of the photosensitizer [Ru(bpy)3]2+ and the stoichiometric reducing agent benzyl nicotinamide results in the formation of alkyl radicals under mild conditions. This approach to radical generation has proven useful for the synthesis of small organic molecules. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time the visible-light photosensitized deposition of robust alkyl thin films on Au surfaces using phthalimide esters as the alkyl radical precursors. In particular, we combine visible-light photosensitization with particle lithography to produce nanostructured thin films, the thickness of which can be measured easily using AFM cursor profiles. Analysis with AFM demonstrated that the films are robust and resistant to mechanical force while contact angle goniometry suggests a multilayered and disordered film structure. Analysis with IRRAS, XPS, and TOF SIMS provides further insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashanique D Quarels
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Xianglin Zhai
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Neepa Kuruppu
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Jenny K Hedlund
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Ashley A Ellsworth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Amy V Walker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
- Department of Materials Science, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Jayne C Garno
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Justin R Ragains
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
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9
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Nielsen SU, Koefoed L, Lund H, Daasbjerg K, Pedersen SU. Wohl-Ziegler Bromination of Electrografted Films for Optimizing Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Urth Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Line Koefoed
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Henning Lund
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Kim Daasbjerg
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center; Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Steen U. Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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10
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11
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Hetemi D, Médard J, Decorse P, Combellas C, Kanoufi F, Pinson J, Podvorica FI. Surface Functionalization of Metals by Alkyl Chains through a Radical Crossover Reaction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:6335-6342. [PMID: 27224650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl chains are covalently attached onto metal surfaces by indirect reduction of the bromoalkyl derivative (RBr). This indirect reaction involves the formation (by spontaneous or electrochemical reduction of the 2,6-dimethylbenzenediazonium salt) of a sterically hindered aryl radical that abstracts a Br atom from RBr but does not react with the surface. This crossover reaction furnishes an alkyl radical that reacts with the surface. Starting from 6-bromohexanoic acid, carboxylic functionalized gold surfaces are prepared. "Layer-by-layer" assemblies are built from these surfaces and present some ionic selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dardan Hetemi
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Diderot University, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS , 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
- University of Prishtina , Chemistry Department of Natural Sciences Faculty, rr. "Nëna Tereze" nr. 5, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Jérôme Médard
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Diderot University, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS , 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Decorse
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Diderot University, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS , 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Combellas
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Diderot University, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS , 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Kanoufi
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Diderot University, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS , 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jean Pinson
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Diderot University, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS , 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Fetah I Podvorica
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Diderot University, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS , 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
- University of Prishtina , Chemistry Department of Natural Sciences Faculty, rr. "Nëna Tereze" nr. 5, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
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12
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Electrografting of thionine diazonium cation onto the graphene edges and decorating with Au nano-dendrites or glucose oxidase: Characterization and electrocatalytic applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 77:478-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Hetemi D, Médard J, Kanoufi F, Combellas C, Pinson J, Podvorica FI. Surface Modification of Polymers by Reaction of Alkyl Radicals. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:512-518. [PMID: 26653398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The surfaces of poly(methyl methacrylate) and polyethylene are modified either (i) by a two-step process including the thermal reaction of alkyl radicals derived from bromohexanoic acid in a mixture of 2,6-dimethylbenzene diazonium salt and neat isopentyl nitrite at 60 °C, followed by reaction with p-nitroaniline, anthraquinone, neutral red, and polyethylene glycol moieties, or (ii) by reaction of a previously anthraquinone-modified bromohexanoic acid. The modified surfaces are characterized by IR, XPS, UV, and water contact angles. A mechanism is proposed to rationalize the results. This approach is an efficient way to modify and pattern polymer surfaces with different organic groups and chemical functionalities under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dardan Hetemi
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS , 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
- Chemistry Department of Natural Sciences Faculty, University of Prishtina , rr. "NënaTereze" nr.5, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Jérôme Médard
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS , 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Frédéric Kanoufi
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS , 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Catherine Combellas
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS , 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Jean Pinson
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS , 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Fetah I Podvorica
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS , 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
- Chemistry Department of Natural Sciences Faculty, University of Prishtina , rr. "NënaTereze" nr.5, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
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Berisha A, Hazimeh H, Galtayries A, Decorse P, Kanoufi F, Combellas C, Pinson J, Podvorica FI. Grafting of an aluminium surface with organic layers. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra15313e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The grafting of organic films on an aluminum surface is demonstrated by various methods: spontaneous reduction of aryldiazonium salts, and alkyl iodides, spontaneous reaction of perfluoroalkylamine and photochemical grafting of acetonitrile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avni Berisha
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- Univ Paris Diderot
- ITODYS
- UMR 7086 CNRS
- 75013 Paris
| | - Hassan Hazimeh
- PSL Research University
- ESPCI ParisTech
- 75231 Paris Cedex 05
- France
| | - Anouk Galtayries
- PSL Research University
- Chimie ParisTech – CNRS
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris
- 75005 Paris
- France
| | - Philippe Decorse
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- Univ Paris Diderot
- ITODYS
- UMR 7086 CNRS
- 75013 Paris
| | - Frédéric Kanoufi
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- Univ Paris Diderot
- ITODYS
- UMR 7086 CNRS
- 75013 Paris
| | | | - Jean Pinson
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- Univ Paris Diderot
- ITODYS
- UMR 7086 CNRS
- 75013 Paris
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15
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Strover LT, Malmström J, Stubbing LA, Brimble MA, Travas-Sejdic J. Electrochemically-controlled grafting of hydrophilic brushes from conducting polymer substrates. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.11.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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16
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Berisha A, Chehimi M, Pinson J, Podvorica F. Electrode Surface Modification Using Diazonium Salts. ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY: A SERIES OF ADVANCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1201/b19196-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Fogliazza M, Sicard L, Decorse P, Chevillot-Biraud A, Mangeney C, Pinson J. Powerful Surface Chemistry Approach for the Grafting of Alkyl Multilayers on Aluminum Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:6092-6098. [PMID: 25973677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of aluminum nanoparticles (Alnp) has raised promising perspectives these past few years for applications in energetic materials. However, because of their high reactivity, it is crucial to functionalize them before their use. In this work, we propose an original and simple chemical approach to graft spontaneously alkyl layers derived from alkyl halides at the surface of Alnp, by relying on the highly reductive character of these nanoparticles, when they are in the unoxidized form. Alnp were prepared in a glovebox and reacted with alkyl halides (RI and RBr) to give modified Alnp-R, as shown by infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and microscopy. The coating is made of alkyl multilayers, which were found to be strongly anchored at the Alnp surface, as it resisted 2 h of rinsing in toluene. An electrocatalytic electron transfer promoted by Alnp is proposed to describe the mechanism of this grafting reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Fogliazza
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes (ITODYS), UMR 7086 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Lorette Sicard
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes (ITODYS), UMR 7086 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Decorse
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes (ITODYS), UMR 7086 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Chevillot-Biraud
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes (ITODYS), UMR 7086 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Claire Mangeney
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes (ITODYS), UMR 7086 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jean Pinson
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Interfaces, Traitements, Organisation et Dynamique des Systèmes (ITODYS), UMR 7086 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
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18
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Hetemi D, Hazimeh H, Decorse P, Galtayries A, Combellas C, Kanoufi F, Pinson J, Podvorica FI. One-step formation of bifunctionnal aryl/alkyl grafted films on conducting surfaces by the reduction of diazonium salts in the presence of alkyl iodides. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:5406-5415. [PMID: 25893643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The formation of partial perfluoroalkyl or alkyl radicals from partial perfluoroalkyl or alkyl iodides (ICH2CH2C6F13 and IC6H13) and their reaction with surfaces takes place at low driving force (∼-0.5 V/SCE) when the electrochemical reaction is performed in acetonitrile in the presence of diazonium salts (ArN2(+)), at a potential where the latter is reduced. By comparison to the direct grafting of ICH2CH2C6F13, this corresponds to a gain of ∼2.1 V in the case of 4-nitrobenzenediazonium. Such electrochemical reaction permits the modification of gold surfaces (and also carbon, iron, and copper) with mixed aryl-alkyl groups (Ar = 3-CH3-C6H4, 4-NO2-C6H4, and 4-Br-C6H4, R = C6H13 or (CH2)2-C6F13). These strongly bonded mixed layers are characterized by IRRAS, XPS, ToF-SIMS, ellipsometry, water contact angles, and cyclic voltammetry. The relative proportions of grafted aryl and alkyl groups can be varied along with the relative concentrations of diazonium and iodide components in the grafting solution. The formation of the films is assigned to the reaction of aryl and alkyl radicals on the surface and on the first grafted layer. The former is obtained from the electrochemical reduction of the diazonium salt; the latter results from the abstraction of an iodine atom by the aryl radical. The mechanism involved in the growth of the film provides an example of complex surface radical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dardan Hetemi
- †Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ Paris Diderot, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
- ‡Chemistry Department of Natural Sciences Faculty, University of Prishtina, rr. "Nëna Tereze" nr. 5, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Hassan Hazimeh
- §ESPCI ParisTech, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Philippe Decorse
- †Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ Paris Diderot, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Anouk Galtayries
- ∥Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, UMR 8247 CNRS, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Combellas
- †Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ Paris Diderot, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
- §ESPCI ParisTech, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Frédéric Kanoufi
- †Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ Paris Diderot, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
- §ESPCI ParisTech, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Jean Pinson
- †Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ Paris Diderot, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Fetah I Podvorica
- †Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ Paris Diderot, ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
- ‡Chemistry Department of Natural Sciences Faculty, University of Prishtina, rr. "Nëna Tereze" nr. 5, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
- §ESPCI ParisTech, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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