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Stanko ŠT, Schawe JE, Spieckermann F, Eckert J, Löffler JF. Energy Absorption and Beam Damage during Microfocus Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6286-6291. [PMID: 38848352 PMCID: PMC11194812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we combine in situ fast differential scanning calorimetry (FDSC) with synchrotron X-ray measurements to study simultaneously the structure and thermophysical properties of materials. Using the example of the organic compound BCH-52, we show that the X-ray beam can heat the sample and induce a shift of the heat-flow signal. The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of radiation on sample behavior. The calorimetric data is used to quantify the absorbed beam energy and, together with the diffraction data, reveal an irreversible damage of the sample. The results are especially important for materials with high absorption coefficients and for high-energy X-ray and electron beams. Our findings illustrate that FDSC combined with X-ray diffraction is a suitable characterization method when beam damage must be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Štefan T. Stanko
- Laboratory
of Metal Physics and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen E.
K. Schawe
- Laboratory
of Metal Physics and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Mettler-Toledo
GmbH, Analytical, 8606 Nänikon, Switzerland
| | - Florian Spieckermann
- Department
of Materials Science Chair of Materials Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Jürgen Eckert
- Department
of Materials Science Chair of Materials Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, 8700 Leoben, Austria
- Erich
Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Jörg F. Löffler
- Laboratory
of Metal Physics and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Breakspear S, Ivanov DA, Noecker B, Popescu C, Rosenthal M. Cuticle - Designed by Nature for the Sake of the Hair. Int J Cosmet Sci 2022; 44:343-362. [PMID: 35478184 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The cuticle of human hair has been examined, via a range of analytical methods, in order to reveal previously unknown information about its structure and to deepen understanding of its contribution to fibre properties. METHODS Cross sections of hair fibre have been examined with X-ray microdiffraction oriented perpendicular to the surface of the cross-sections. AFM investigations were carried out for further investigating and deciphering the structure of the cuticle. Moisture sorption analytics of cuticle separated from fibre, and mechanical tests of decuticled fibres against virgin fibres, were used for understanding the role of the cuticle in the economy of hair fibre. RESULTS Previously unknown swelling behaviour of the hair cuticle during moisture sorption has been revealed, as has an increased significance of the cuticle's role in moisture management at higher values of relative humidity. Through AFM investigation, the reaction of hair cuticles with chlorine water has further strengthened the idea that the Allwörden membrane does not exist, and is actually an artefact of the delamination of the A-layer and exocuticle from the underlying endocuticle. Using decuticled fibres for stress-strain tests, and by comparing the results with those of virgin fibres, the effect of the cuticle on the post-yield area of the hair fibre stress-strain diagram has also been demonstrated. Finally, X-ray microdiffraction and AFM investigations suggest that the cuticle possesses a small-scale ordered structure, based on possibly not fully crystalline and irregularly arranged α-helices oriented almost perpendicular to the growth axis of the fibre and enhancing the general description of cuticle as the protective layer of the fibre. CONCLUSION The role of the cuticle for the hair fibre is more complex than previously thought. The cuticle is demonstrated not only to possess a hidden rod-matrix structure, that supports its protective nature, but also to play specific roles in the fibre's response to moisture, and in fibre mechanical behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Breakspear
- KAO European Research Laboratories, KAO Germany GmbH, D-64297, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Dimitri A Ivanov
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russian Federation.,Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse-IS2M, CNRS UMR 7361, F-68057, Mulhouse, France.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, Leninskie Gory 1/51, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Bernd Noecker
- KAO European Research Laboratories, KAO Germany GmbH, D-64297, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Crisan Popescu
- KAO European Research Laboratories, KAO Germany GmbH, D-64297, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Martin Rosenthal
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russian Federation
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Odarchenko Y, Rosenthal M, Hernandez JJ, Doblas D, Di Cola E, Soloviev M, Ivanov DA. Assessing Fast Structure Formation Processes in Isotactic Polypropylene with a Combination of Nanofocus X-ray Diffraction and In Situ Nanocalorimetry. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2652. [PMID: 34685096 PMCID: PMC8541291 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A combination of in situ nanocalorimetry with simultaneous nanofocus 2D Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS) was used to study polymorphic behaviour and structure formation in a single micro-drop of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) with defined thermal history. We were able to generate, detect, and characterize a number of different iPP morphologies using our custom-built ultrafast chip-based nanocalorimetry instrument designed for use with the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) high intensity nanofocus X-ray beamline facility. The detected iPP morphologies included monoclinic alpha-phase crystals, mesophase, and mixed morphologies with different mesophase/crystalline compositional ratios. Monoclinic crystals formed from the mesophase became unstable at heating rates above 40 K s-1 and showed melting temperatures as low as ~30 K below those measured for iPP crystals formed by slow cooling. We also studied the real-time melt crystallization of nanogram-sized iPP samples. Our analysis revealed a mesophase nucleation time of around 1 s and the co-existence of mesophase and growing disordered crystals at high supercooling ≤328 K. The further increase of the iPP crystallization temperature to 338 K changed nucleation from homogeneous to heterogeneous. No mesophase was detected above 348 K. Low supercooling (≥378 K) led to the continuous growth of the alpha-phase crystals. In conclusion, we have, for the first time, measured the mesophase nucleation time of supercooled iPP melted under isothermal crystallization conditions using a dedicated experimental setup designed to allow simultaneous ultrafast chip-based nanocalorimetry and nanofocus X-ray diffraction analyses. We also provided experimental evidence that upon heating, the mesophase converts directly into thermodynamically stable monoclinic alpha-phase crystals via perfection and reorganization and not via partial melting. The complex phase behaviour of iPP and its dependence on both crystallization temperature and time is presented here using a time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav Odarchenko
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse-IS2M, CNRS UMR 7361, Jean Starcky, 15, F-68057 Mulhouse, France; (Y.O.); (J.J.H.); (D.D.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Martin Rosenthal
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 38043 Grenoble, France;
| | - Jaime J. Hernandez
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse-IS2M, CNRS UMR 7361, Jean Starcky, 15, F-68057 Mulhouse, France; (Y.O.); (J.J.H.); (D.D.)
| | - David Doblas
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse-IS2M, CNRS UMR 7361, Jean Starcky, 15, F-68057 Mulhouse, France; (Y.O.); (J.J.H.); (D.D.)
| | - Emanuela Di Cola
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 38043 Grenoble, France;
| | - Mikhail Soloviev
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Dimitri A. Ivanov
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse-IS2M, CNRS UMR 7361, Jean Starcky, 15, F-68057 Mulhouse, France; (Y.O.); (J.J.H.); (D.D.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), 1 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
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Melnikov AP, Rosenthal M, Ivanov DA. What Thermal Analysis Can Tell Us About Melting of Semicrystalline Polymers: Exploring the General Validity of the Technique. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:1426-1431. [PMID: 35651222 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thermal characterization of semicrystalline polymers can constitute a difficult task due to the metastable nature of polymer crystals. It is well documented that polymer structure can reorganize during the thermoanalytical experiment. It has become also clear that thermal analysis alone cannot discriminate the reorganization processes from multiple melting events. Therefore, instead of studying the initial sample state the measurements may simply reflect the structural evolution uncontrollably occurring during the experiment. Here an original setup combining in situ ultrafast chip calorimetry with millisecond time-resolved X-ray scattering is used to find the structural signature of the reorganization processes. The information is further used to construct the heating-rate versus crystallization-temperature reorganization (HR-CT-R) diagram. The diagram allows rationally designing thermoanalytical experiments in which one can completely exclude uncontrolled evolution of the semicrystalline structure. For a typical aromatic polyester, poly(trimethylene terephthalate), the critical heating rate above which all reorganization processes cease to exist can reach 1000 K/s and more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey P. Melnikov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, GSP-1, 1-51 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Institutskiy per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation
| | - Martin Rosenthal
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 6 rue Jules Horowitz, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Dimitri A. Ivanov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, GSP-1, 1-51 Leninskie Gory, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Institutskiy per. 9, Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse-IS2M, CNRS UMR 7361, Jean Starcky, 15, F-68057 Mulhouse, France
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Riekel C, Burghammer M, Snigirev I, Rosenthal M. Microstructural metrology of tobacco mosaic virus nanorods during radial compression and heating. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:194-204. [PMID: 29138785 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01332a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We determined stress-induced deformations and the thermal stability of nanorod-shaped tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) capsids in coffee-ring structures by X-ray nanodiffraction. The hexagonal capsids lattice transforms under compression in the outer boundary zone of the coffee-ring into a tetragonal lattice. The helical pitch of the nanorods increases by about 2.5% across the outer boundary zone while the lateral distance between nanorods decreases continuously across the whole coffee-ring structure by about 2% due to compressive forces. The diffraction patterns show a mixture of helical scattering and Bragg peaks attributed to a lattice of nanorods interlocked by their helical grooves. Thermo-nanodiffraction reveals water loss up to about 100 °C resulting in a reduction of the helical pitch by about 6% with respect to its maximum value and a reduction of the nanorods separation by about 0.5 nm. Up to about 200 °C the pitch is increasing again by about 2%. Secondary crystallization in the bulk reaches a maximum at 150-160 °C. At higher temperatures the crystallinity is continuously decreasing up to about 220 °C. Above about 200 °C and depending on the heating history, the nanorods start disintegrating into small, randomly oriented aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Riekel
- The European Synchrotron, ESRF, CS40220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
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Rosenthal M, Melnikov AP, Burghammer M, Ivanov DA. Reorganization of semicrystalline polymers on heating: Analyzing common misconceptions in the interpretation of calorimetric data. Response on the “Comment on “Re-exploring the double-melting behavior of semirigid-chain polymers with an in-situ combination of synchrotron nanofocus X-ray scattering and nanocalorimetry” by Dimitri A. Ivanov et al. [Euro. Polym. J. 81 (2016) 598–606.]”. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Narayanan T, Wacklin H, Konovalov O, Lund R. Recent applications of synchrotron radiation and neutrons in the study of soft matter. CRYSTALLOGR REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/0889311x.2016.1277212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanna Wacklin
- European Spallation Source ERIC, Lund, Sweden
- Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Reidar Lund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
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Re-exploring the double-melting behavior of semirigid-chain polymers with an in-situ combination of synchrotron nano-focus X-ray scattering and nanocalorimetry. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Accardo A, Shalabaeva V, Di Cola E, Burghammer M, Krahne R, Riekel C, Dante S. Superhydrophobic Surfaces Boost Fibril Self-Assembly of Amyloid β Peptides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:20875-20884. [PMID: 26306595 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid β (Aβ) peptides are the main constituents of Alzheimer's amyloid plaques in the brain. Here we report how the unique microfluidic flows exerted by droplets sitting on superhydrophobic surfaces can influence the aggregation mechanisms of several Aβ fragments by boosting their fibril self-assembly. Aβ(25-35), Aβ(1-40), and Aβ(12-28) were dried both on flat hydrophilic surfaces (contact angle (CA) = 37.3°) and on nanostructured superhydrophobic ones (CA = 175.8°). By embedding nanoroughened surfaces on top of highly X-ray transparent Si3N4 membranes, it was possible to probe the solid residues by raster-scan synchrotron radiation X-ray microdiffraction (μXRD). As compared to residues obtained on flat Si3N4 membranes, a general enhancement of fibrillar material was detected for all Aβ fragments dried on superhydrophobic surfaces, with a particular emphasis on the shorter ones. Indeed, both Aβ(25-35) and Aβ(12-28) showed a marked crystalline cross-β phase with varying fiber textures. The homogeneous evaporation rate provided by these nanostructured supports, and the possibility to use transparent membranes, can open a wide range of in situ X-ray and spectroscopic characterizations of amyloidal peptides involved in neurodegenerative diseases and for the fabrication of amyloid-based nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Accardo
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Di Cola
- The European Synchrotron, CS40220 , 38043 Cedex 9 Grenoble, France
| | - Manfred Burghammer
- The European Synchrotron, CS40220 , 38043 Cedex 9 Grenoble, France
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Roman Krahne
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - Christian Riekel
- The European Synchrotron, CS40220 , 38043 Cedex 9 Grenoble, France
| | - Silvia Dante
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
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In Situ Studies of Molecular Self-Assembling during the Formation of Ion-Conducting Membranes for Fuel Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.792.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In present work a new setup for in situ studies of molecular self-assembling process for fabrication of ion-conducting membranes for “green” fuel cells was developed. Due to compactness, this unique setup can be used on the synchrotron beamlines. The GISAXS and optical microscopy data have shown the effectiveness of the control of molecular architecture by impact of high temperature, UV-irradiation and solvent vapors.
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