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Lizzit D, Trioni MI, Bignardi L, Lacovig P, Lizzit S, Martinazzo R, Larciprete R. Dual-Route Hydrogenation of the Graphene/Ni Interface. ACS NANO 2019; 13:1828-1838. [PMID: 30633501 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured architectures based on graphene/metal interfaces might be efficiently exploited in hydrogen storage due to the attractive capability to provide adsorption sites both at the top side of graphene and at the metal substrate after intercalation. We combined in situ high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy with theoretical calculations to determine the arrangement of hydrogen atoms at the graphene/Ni(111) interface at room temperature. Our results show that at low coverage H atoms predominantly adsorb as monomers and that chemisorption saturates when ∼25% of the surface is hydrogenated. In parallel, with a much lower rate, H atoms intercalate below graphene and bind to Ni surface sites. Intercalation progressively destabilizes the C-H bonds and triggers the release of the hydrogen chemisorbed on graphene. Valence band and near-edge absorption spectroscopy demonstrate that the graphene layer is fully lifted when the Ni surface is saturated with H. Thermal programmed desorption was used to determine the stability of the hydrogenated interface. Whereas the H atoms chemisorbed on graphene remain unperturbed over a wide temperature range, the intercalated phase abruptly desorbs 50-100 K above room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lizzit
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , AREA Science Park , S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste , Italy
| | - Mario I Trioni
- CNR-Institute of Molecular Science and Technologies (ISTM) , Via Golgi 19 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Luca Bignardi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , AREA Science Park , S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste , Italy
| | - Paolo Lacovig
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , AREA Science Park , S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste , Italy
| | - Silvano Lizzit
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , AREA Science Park , S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste , Italy
| | - Rocco Martinazzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Golgi 19 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Rosanna Larciprete
- CNR-Institute for Complex Systems (ISC) , Via dei Taurini 19 , 00185 Roma , Italy
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Martínez JI, Laikhtman A, Moon HR, Zak A, Alonso JA. Modelling of adsorption and intercalation of hydrogen on/into tungsten disulphide multilayers and multiwall nanotubes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:12061-12074. [PMID: 29675522 PMCID: PMC6130774 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01437j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the interaction of hydrogen with layered materials is crucial in the fields of sensors, catalysis, fuel cells and hydrogen storage, among others. Density functional theory, improved by the introduction of van der Waals dispersion forces, provides an efficient and practical workbench to investigate the interaction of molecular and atomic hydrogen with WS2 multilayers and nanotubes. We find that H2 physisorbs on the surface of those materials on top of W atoms, while atomic H chemisorbs on top of S atoms. In the case of nanotubes, the chemisorption strength is sensitive to the nanotube diameter. Diffusion of H2 on the surface of WS2 encounters quite small activation barriers whose magnitude helps to explain previous and new experimental results for the observed dependence of the hydrogen concentration with temperature. Intercalation of H2 between adjacent planar WS2 layers reveals an endothermic character. Intercalating H atoms is energetically favorable, but the intercalation energy does not compensate for the cost of dissociating the molecules. When H2 molecules are intercalated between the walls of a double wall nanotube, the rigid confinement induces the dissociation of the confined molecules. A remarkable result is that the presence of a full H2 monolayer adsorbed on top of the first WS2 layer of a WS2 multilayer system strongly facilitates the intercalation of H2 between WS2 layers underneath. This opens up an additional gate to intercalation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José I. Martínez
- Materials Science Factory, Institute of Materials Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), 3 Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz St., 28049 Madrid (Spain)
| | - Alex Laikhtman
- Faculty of Sciences, Holon Institute of Technology (HIT), 52 Golomb St., Holon, 5810201 Holon (Israel)
| | - Hoi Ri Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 44919 Ulsan (Republic of Korea)
| | - Alla Zak
- Faculty of Sciences, Holon Institute of Technology (HIT), 52 Golomb St., Holon, 5810201 Holon (Israel)
| | - Julio A. Alonso
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid (Spain)
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Bueno RA, Martínez JI, Luccas RF, Del Árbol NR, Munuera C, Palacio I, Palomares FJ, Lauwaet K, Thakur S, Baranowski JM, Strupinski W, López MF, Mompean F, García-Hernández M, Martín-Gago JA. Highly selective covalent organic functionalization of epitaxial graphene. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15306. [PMID: 28480884 PMCID: PMC5424159 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene functionalization with organics is expected to be an important step for the development of graphene-based materials with tailored electronic properties. However, its high chemical inertness makes difficult a controlled and selective covalent functionalization, and most of the works performed up to the date report electrostatic molecular adsorption or unruly functionalization. We show hereafter a mechanism for promoting highly specific covalent bonding of any amino-terminated molecule and a description of the operating processes. We show, by different experimental techniques and theoretical methods, that the excess of charge at carbon dangling-bonds formed on single-atomic vacancies at the graphene surface induces enhanced reactivity towards a selective oxidation of the amino group and subsequent integration of the nitrogen within the graphene network. Remarkably, functionalized surfaces retain the electronic properties of pristine graphene. This study opens the door for development of graphene-based interfaces, as nano-bio-hybrid composites, fabrication of dielectrics, plasmonics or spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca A Bueno
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid-CSIC, C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - José I Martínez
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid-CSIC, C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Roberto F Luccas
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid-CSIC, C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain.,Instituto de Física Rosario-CONICET-UNR, Bv. 27 de Febrero 210bis, Rosario S2000EZP, Argentina
| | - Nerea Ruiz Del Árbol
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid-CSIC, C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Carmen Munuera
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid-CSIC, C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Irene Palacio
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid-CSIC, C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Francisco J Palomares
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid-CSIC, C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Koen Lauwaet
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid-CSIC, C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Sangeeta Thakur
- Sincrotrone Trieste, strada Statale 14 - km 163, Basovizza 5 34149, Italy
| | - Jacek M Baranowski
- Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Wolczynska 133, 01-919 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wlodek Strupinski
- Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Wolczynska 133, 01-919 Warsaw, Poland
| | - María F López
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid-CSIC, C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Federico Mompean
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid-CSIC, C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Mar García-Hernández
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid-CSIC, C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - José A Martín-Gago
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid-CSIC, C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
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Harthcock C, Jahanbekam A, Eskelsen JR, Lee DY. Orientation-free and differentially pumped addition of a low-flux reactive gas beam to a surface analysis system. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:113102. [PMID: 27910561 DOI: 10.1063/1.4966116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We describe an example of a piecewise gas chamber that can be customized to incorporate a low flux of gas-phase radicals with an existing surface analysis chamber for in situ and stepwise gas-surface interaction experiments without any constraint in orientation. The piecewise nature of this gas chamber provides complete angular freedom and easy alignment and does not require any modification of the existing surface analysis chamber. In addition, the entire gas-surface system is readily differentially pumped with the surface chamber kept under ultra-high-vacuum during the gas-surface measurements. This new design also allows not only straightforward reconstruction to accommodate the orientation of different surface chambers but also for the addition of other desired features, such as an additional pump to the current configuration. Stepwise interaction between atomic oxygen and a highly ordered pyrolytic graphite surface was chosen to test the effectiveness of this design, and the site-dependent O-atom chemisorption and clustering on the graphite surface were resolved by a scanning tunneling microscope in the nm-scale. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to further confirm the identity of the chemisorbed species on the graphite surface as oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Harthcock
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering Program, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Abdolreza Jahanbekam
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering Program, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | | | - David Y Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering Program, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
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Al-Hamdani YS, Alfè D, von Lilienfeld OA, Michaelides A. Tuning dissociation using isoelectronically doped graphene and hexagonal boron nitride: Water and other small molecules. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:154706. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4945783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine S. Al-Hamdani
- Thomas Young Centre and London Centre for Nanotechnology, 17–19 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Dario Alfè
- Thomas Young Centre and London Centre for Nanotechnology, 17–19 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
- Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - O. Anatole von Lilienfeld
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and National Center for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Angelos Michaelides
- Thomas Young Centre and London Centre for Nanotechnology, 17–19 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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