Interfacial water properties in the presence of surfactants

Water/oil interfacial tension reduction - an interfacial entropy driven process

The interfacial tension (IFT) of a fluid-fluid interface plays an important role in a wide range of applications and processes. When low IFT is desired, surface active compounds (e.g. surfactants) can be added to the system. Numerous attempts have been made to relate changes in IFT arising from such compounds to the specific nature of the interface. However, the IFT is controlled by an interplay of factors such as temperature and molecular structure of surface-active compounds, which make it difficult to predict IFT as those conditions change. In this study, we present the results from molecular dynamics simulations revealing the specific role surfactants play in IFT. We find that, in addition to reducing direct contact between the two fluids, surfactants serve to increase the disorder at the interface (related to interfacial entropy) and consequently reduce the water/oil IFT, especially when surfactants are present at high surface density. Our results suggest that surfactants that yield more disordered interfacial films (e.g. with flexible and/or unsaturated tails) reduce the water/oil IFT more effectively than surfactants which yield highly ordered interfacial films. Our results shed light on some of the factors that control IFT and could have important practical implications in industrial applications such as the design of cosmetics, food products, and detergents.

Effect of Aggregation and Adsorption Behavior on the Flow Resistance of Surfactant Fluid on Smooth and Rough Surfaces: A Many-Body Dissipative Particle Dynamics Study

To study the effect of surfactant on the resistance of wall-bound flow, the adsorption and aggregation behaviors of surfactant fluid on both smooth and groove-patterned rough surface are investigated through many-body dissipative particle dynamics (MDPD) simulation. The MDPD models of surfactants were carefully parametrized and have been validated to be able to simulate the aggregation and adsorption behavior of surfactants. The simulation results show that the surfactant in laminar flow can only increase the flow resistance on the smooth surface. On the rough surface, surfactant with strong adsorption performance on the channel wall shows a drag reduction effect at moderate concentration. The surfactant with weak adsorption properties can enhance the flow resistance, which is even more significant than that of those surfactants with no adsorption capacity. Although heating (high temperature) can generally reduce the viscosity and flow resistance of surfactant fluid, it would cause a poor drag reduction efficiency. It may arise from the destruction of the adsorption layer and the interruption of the fluid/boundary interface. Surfactant adsorption can tune the roughness of the fluid boundary on either the smooth or rough surface in a different manner, which turns out to be highly correlated to the change in flow resistance. Compared with the adsorption layer, surfactant in the bulk fluid makes a greater contribution to enhancing the flow resistance as the concentration rises. This study is expected to be helpful in guiding the application of surfactants on the micro- and nanoscale such as lab-on-a-chip nanodevices and EOR in a low-permeability porous medium.

Formation of Water Layers on Graphene Surfaces

Although graphitic materials were thought to be hydrophobic, recent experimental results based on contact angle measurements show that the hydrophobicity of graphitic surfaces stems from airborne contamination of hydrocarbons. This leads us to question whether a pristine graphitic surface is indeed hydrophobic. To investigate the water wettability of graphitic surfaces, we use molecular dynamics simulations of water molecules on the surface of a single graphene layer at room temperature. The results indicate that a water droplet spreads over the entire surface and that a double-layer structure of water molecules forms on the surface, which means that wetting of graphitic surfaces is possible, but only by two layers of water molecules. No further water layers can cohere to the double-layer structure, but the formation of three-dimensional clusters of liquid water is confirmed. The surface of the double-layer structure acts as a hydrophobic surface. Such peculiar behavior of water molecules can be reasonably explained by the formation of hydrogen bonds: The hydrogen bonds of the interfacial water molecules form between the first two layers and also within each layer. This hydrogen-bond network is confined within the double layer, which means that no "dangling hydrogen bonds" appear on the surface of the double-layer structure. This formation of hydrogen bonds stabilizes the double-layer structure and makes its surface hydrophobic. Thus, the numerical simulations indicate that a graphene surface is perfectly wettable on the atomic scale and becomes hydrophobic once it is covered by this double layer of water molecules.

Molecular dynamics simulations of propane in slit shaped silica nano-pores: direct comparison with quasielastic neutron scattering experiments

MD simulations reveal the origin of anomalous pressure dependence of propane diffusion in silica mesopores.

Molecular mechanisms responsible for hydrate anti-agglomerant performance

Steered and equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations were employed to study the coalescence of a sI hydrate particle and a water droplet within a hydrocarbon mixture.