1
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Chae YB, Kim SY, Choi HD, Moon DG, Lee KH, Kim CK. Enhancing Efficiency in Inverted Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes through Arginine-Modified ZnO Nanoparticle Electron Injection Layer. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:266. [PMID: 38334536 PMCID: PMC10856329 DOI: 10.3390/nano14030266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Many quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) utilize ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) as an electron injection layer (EIL). However, the use of the ZnO NP EIL material often results in a charge imbalance within the quantum dot (QD) emitting layer (EML) and exciton quenching at the interface of the QD EML and ZnO NP EIL. To overcome these challenges, we introduced an arginine (Arg) interlayer (IL) onto the ZnO NP EIL. The Arg IL elevated the work function of ZnO NPs, thereby suppressing electron injection into the QD, leading to an improved charge balance within the QDs. Additionally, the inherent insulating nature of the Arg IL prevented direct contact between QDs and ZnO NPs, reducing exciton quenching and consequently improving device efficiency. An inverted QLED (IQLED) utilizing a 20 nm-thick Arg IL on the ZnO NP EIL exhibited a 2.22-fold increase in current efficiency and a 2.28-fold increase in external quantum efficiency (EQE) compared to an IQLED without an IL. Likewise, the IQLED with a 20 nm-thick Arg IL on the ZnO NP EIL demonstrated a 1.34-fold improvement in current efficiency and a 1.36-fold increase in EQE compared to the IQLED with a 5 nm-thick polyethylenimine IL on ZnO NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kyoung-Ho Lee
- Department of Electronic Materials, Devices and Equipment Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea; (Y.-B.C.); (S.-Y.K.); (H.-D.C.); (D.-G.M.)
| | - Chang-Kyo Kim
- Department of Electronic Materials, Devices and Equipment Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea; (Y.-B.C.); (S.-Y.K.); (H.-D.C.); (D.-G.M.)
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2
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Xiao J, Wang Y, Yuan L, Long Y, Jiang Z, Liu Q, Gu D, Li W, Tai H, Jiang Y. Stabilizing Non-Fullerene Organic Photodiodes through Interface Engineering Enabled by a Tin Ion-Chelated Polymer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302976. [PMID: 37541299 PMCID: PMC10558641 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
The recent emergence of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) has energized the field of organic photodiodes (OPDs) and made major breakthroughs in their critical photoelectric characteristics. Yet, stabilizing inverted NF-OPDs remains challenging because of the intrinsic degradation induced by improper interfaces. Herein, a tin ion-chelated polyethyleneimine ethoxylated (denoted as PEIE-Sn) is proposed as a generic cathode interfacial layer (CIL) of NF-OPDs. The chelation between tin ions and nitrogen/oxygen atoms in PEIE-Sn contributes to the interface compatibility with efficient NFAs. The PEIE-Sn can effectively endow the devices with optimized cascade alignment and reduced interface defects. Consequently, the PEIE-Sn-OPD exhibits properties of anti-environmental interference, suppressed dark current, and accelerated interfacial electron extraction and transmission. As a result, the unencapsulated PEIE-Sn-OPD delivers high specific detection and fast response speed and shows only slight attenuation in photoelectric performance after exposure to air, light, and heat. Its superior performance outperforms the incumbent typical counterparts (ZnO, SnO2 , and PEIE as the CILs) from metrics of both stability and photoelectric characteristics. This finding suggests a promising strategy for stabilizing NF-OPDs by designing appropriate interface layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated DevicesSchool of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated DevicesSchool of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| | - Liu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated DevicesSchool of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| | - Yin Long
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated DevicesSchool of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| | - Zhi Jiang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX)School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Qingxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated DevicesSchool of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| | - Deen Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated DevicesSchool of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| | - Weizhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated DevicesSchool of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| | - Huiling Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated DevicesSchool of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| | - Yadong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated DevicesSchool of Optoelectronic Science and EngineeringUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
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3
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Kramer N, Sivron I, Le Saux G, Mendieta-Moreno JI, Ashkenasy N. Enhancement of electronic effects at a biomolecule-inorganic interface by multivalent interactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:3251-3257. [PMID: 36625465 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03679g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The binding of peptides and proteins through multiple weak interactions is ubiquitous in nature. Biopanning has been used to "hijack" this multivalent binding for the functionalization of surfaces. For practical applications it is important to understand how multivalency influences the binding interactions and the resulting behaviour of the surface. Considering the importance of optimization of the electronic properties of surfaces in diverse electronic and optoelectronic applications, we study here the relation between the multivalency effect and the resulting modulation of the surface work function. We use 12-mer peptides, which were found to strongly bind to oxide surfaces, to functionalize indium tin oxide (ITO) surfaces. We show that the affinity of the peptides for the ITO surface, and concurrently the effect on the ITO work function, are linearly affected by the number of basic residues in the sequence. The multivalent binding interactions lead to a peptide crowding effect, and a stronger modulation of the work function for adodecapeptide than for a single basic amino acid functionalization. The bioderived molecular platform presented herein can pave the way to a novel approach to improve the performance of optoelectronic devices in an eco-friendly manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Kramer
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
| | - Ido Sivron
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
| | - Guillaume Le Saux
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
| | - Jesús I Mendieta-Moreno
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nurit Ashkenasy
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel. .,Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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4
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Liu X, Qiu Y, Jiang D, Li F, Gan Y, Zhu Y, Pan Y, Wan H, Wang P. Covalently grafting first-generation PAMAM dendrimers onto MXenes with self-adsorbed AuNPs for use as a functional nanoplatform for highly sensitive electrochemical biosensing of cTnT. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:35. [PMID: 35450327 PMCID: PMC8967855 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00352-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
2D MXene-Ti3C2Tχ has demonstrated promising application prospects in various fields; however, it fails to function properly in biosensor setups due to restacking and anodic oxidation problems. To expand beyond these existing limitations, an effective strategy to for modifying the MXene by covalently grafting first-generation poly(amidoamine) dendrimers onto an MXene in situ (MXene@PAMAM) was reported herein. When used as a conjugated template, the MXene not only preserved the high conductivity but also conferred a specific 2D architecture and large specific surface areas for anchoring PAMAM. The PAMAM, an efficient spacer and stabilizer, simultaneously suppressed the substantial restacking and oxidation of the MXene, which endowed this hybrid with improved electrochemical performance compared to that of the bare MXene in terms of favorable conductivity and stability under anodic potential. Moreover, the massive amino terminals of PAMAM offer abundant active sites for adsorbing Au nanoparticles (AuNPs). The resulting 3D hierarchical nanoarchitecture, AuNPs/MXene@PAMAM, had advanced structural merits that led to its superior electrochemical performance in biosensing. As a proof of concept, this MXene@PAMAM-based nanobiosensing platform was applied to develop an immunosensor for detecting human cardiac troponin T (cTnT). A fast, sensitive, and highly selective response toward the target in the presence of a [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- redox marker was realized, ensuring a wide detection of 0.1-1000 ng/mL with an LOD of 0.069 ng/mL. The sensor's signal only decreased by 4.38% after 3 weeks, demonstrating that it exhibited satisfactory stability and better results than previously reported MXene-based biosensors. This work has potential applicability in the bioanalysis of cTnT and other biomarkers and paves a new path for fabricating high-performance MXenes for biomedical applications and electrochemical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Centre, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, China
- Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, 310053 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Qiu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Deming Jiang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengheng Li
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Gan
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, 300070 Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiang Pan
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
- Research Center of Smart Sensing, ZhejiangLab, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wan
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Centre, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, China
- Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, 310053 Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Education Ministry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Centre, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050 Shanghai, China
- Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, 310053 Hangzhou, China
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5
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Roeven E, Scheres L, Smulders MM, Zuilhof H. Zwitterionic dendrimer – Polymer hybrid copolymers for self-assembling antifouling coatings. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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6
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Yang X, Ying Z, Yang Z, Xu J, Wang W, Wang J, Wang Z, Yao L, Yan B, Ye J. Light-Promoted Electrostatic Adsorption of High-Density Lewis Base Monolayers as Passivating Electron-Selective Contacts. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003245. [PMID: 33717852 PMCID: PMC7927610 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Achieving efficient passivating carrier-selective contacts (PCSCs) plays a critical role in high-performance photovoltaic devices. However, it is still challenging to achieve both an efficient carrier selectivity and high-level passivation in a sole interlayer due to the thickness dependence of contact resistivity and passivation quality. Herein, a light-promoted adsorption method is demonstrated to establish high-density Lewis base polyethylenimine (PEI) monolayers as promising PCSCs. The promoted adsorption is attributed to the enhanced electrostatic interaction between PEI and semiconductor induced by the photo-generated carriers. The derived angstrom-scale PEI monolayer is demonstrated to simultaneously provide a low-resistance electrical contact for electrons, a high-level field-effect passivation to semiconductor surface and an enhanced interfacial dipole formation at contact interface. By implementing this light-promoted adsorbed PEI as a single-layered PCSC for n-type silicon solar cell, an efficiency of 19.5% with an open-circuit voltage of 0.641 V and a high fill factor of 80.7% is achieved, which is one of the best results for devices with solution-processed electron-selective contacts. This work not only demonstrates a generic method to develop efficient PCSCs for solar cells but also provides a convenient strategy for the deposition of highly uniform, dense, and ultra-thin coatings for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Ningbo315201P. R. China
| | - Zhiqin Ying
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Ningbo315201P. R. China
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of EducationInstitute of Applied Physics and Materials EngineeringUniversity of MacauMacaoSAR999078P. R. China
| | - Zhenhai Yang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Ningbo315201P. R. China
| | - Jia‐Ru Xu
- 3M China LimitedCorporate Research LabShanghai200233P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Ningbo315201P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Ningbo315201P. R. China
| | - Zenggui Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Ningbo315201P. R. China
| | - Lingze Yao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Ningbo315201P. R. China
| | - Baojie Yan
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Ningbo315201P. R. China
| | - Jichun Ye
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Ningbo315201P. R. China
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7
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Xiong S, Hu L, Hu L, Sun L, Qin F, Liu X, Fahlman M, Zhou Y. 12.5% Flexible Nonfullerene Solar Cells by Passivating the Chemical Interaction Between the Active Layer and Polymer Interfacial Layer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806616. [PMID: 30653271 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nonfullerene (NF) organic solar cells (OSCs) have been attracting significant attention in the past several years. It is still challenging to achieve high-performance flexible NF OSCs. NF acceptors are chemically reactive and tend to react with the low-temperature-processed low-work-function (low-WF) interfacial layers, such as polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE), which leads to the "S" shape in the current-density characteristics of the cells. In this work, the chemical interaction between the NF active layer and the polymer interfacial layer of PEIE is deactivated by increasing its protonation. The PEIE processed from aqueous solution shows more protonated N+ than that processed from isopropyl alcohol solution, observed from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. NF solar cells (active layer: PCE-10:IEICO-4F) with the protonated PEIE interfacial layer show an efficiency of 13.2%, which is higher than the reference cells with a ZnO interlayer (12.6%). More importantly, the protonated PEIE interfacial layer processed from aqueous solution does not require a further thermal annealing treatment (only processing at room temperature). The room-temperature processing and effective WF reduction enable the demonstration of high-performance (12.5%) flexible NF OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixing Xiong
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lin Hu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lu Hu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Fei Qin
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xianjie Liu
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mats Fahlman
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Yinhua Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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8
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Oriented Polyaniline Nanowire Arrays Grown on Dendrimer (PAMAM) Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as Supercapacitor Electrode Materials. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6268. [PMID: 29674615 PMCID: PMC5908880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, PANI/MWNT composites have been paid more attention as promising electrode materials in supercapacitors. Yet some shortcomings still limit the widely application of PANI/MWNT electrolytes. In this work, in order to improve capacitance ability and long-term stability of electrode, a multi-amino dendrimer (PAMAM) had been covalently linked onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) as a bridge to facilitating covalent graft of polyaniline (PANI), affording P-MWNT/PANI electrode composites for supercapacitor. Surprisingly, ordered arrays of PANI nanowires on MWNT (setaria-like morphology) had been observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical properties of P-MWNT/PANI electrode had been characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge technique. The specific capacitance and long cycle life of P-MWNT-PANI electrode material were both much higher than MWNT/PANI. These interesting results indicate that multi-amino dendrimer, PAMAM, covalently linked on MWNT provides more reaction sites for in-situ polymerization of ordered PANI, which could efficiently shorten the ion diffusion length in electrolytes and lead to making fully use of conducting materials.
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9
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Casalini S, Bortolotti CA, Leonardi F, Biscarini F. Self-assembled monolayers in organic electronics. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:40-71. [PMID: 27722675 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00509h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly is possibly the most effective and versatile strategy for surface functionalization. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) can be formed on (semi-)conductor and dielectric surfaces, and have been used in a variety of technological applications. This work aims to review the strategy behind the design and use of self-assembled monolayers in organic electronics, discuss the mechanism of interaction of SAMs in a microscopic device, and highlight the applications emerging from the integration of SAMs in an organic device. The possibility of performing surface chemistry tailoring with SAMs constitutes a versatile approach towards the tuning of the electronic and morphological properties of the interfaces relevant to the response of an organic electronic device. Functionalisation with SAMs is important not only for imparting stability to the device or enhancing its performance, as sought at the early stages of development of this field. SAM-functionalised organic devices give rise to completely new types of behavior that open unprecedented applications, such as ultra-sensitive label-free biosensors and SAM/organic transistors that can be used as robust experimental gauges for studying charge tunneling across SAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Casalini
- Life Sciences Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Carlo Augusto Bortolotti
- Life Sciences Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy. and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institute for Nanosciences, Via Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Leonardi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institute for Nanostructured Materials (ISMN), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Biscarini
- Life Sciences Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy. and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institute for Nanostructured Materials (ISMN), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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10
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Sekine Y, Yokoyama T, Hoshino N, Ishizaki M, Kanaizuka K, Akutagawa T, Haga MA, Miyasaka H. Stepwise fabrication of donor/acceptor thin films with a charge-transfer molecular wire motif. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:13983-13986. [PMID: 27847947 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08310b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel thin films composed of a donor (D)/acceptor (A) charge-transfer chain compound were fabricated by a layer-by-layer technique using complexation of a paddlewheel-type diruthenium(ii, ii) complex with an N,N'-dicyanoquinonediimine derivative on an ITO substrate with a pyridine-substituted phosphonate anchor. The stepwise growth of an electron-transfer D+A--chain thin film was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Sekine
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan. and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Taiga Yokoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Norihisa Hoshino
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Manabu Ishizaki
- Department of Material and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Kanaizuka
- Department of Material and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akutagawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Masa-Aki Haga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyasaka
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan. and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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11
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Oyama M, Ozawa H, Nagashima T, Haga MA, Ishida T. Effects of Fe cations in ruthenium-complex multilayers fabricated by a layer-by-layer method. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:9005-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07970e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Molecular multilayers were fabricated using a Ru complex containing Fe cations on an indium tin oxide surface to control the properties of the Ru-complex multilayers such as the multilayer orientation and the electron transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Oyama
- Nanomaterials Research Institute (NMRI)
- Department of Materials and Chemistry
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ozawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Chuo University
- Bunkyo-ku
- Japan
| | - Takumi Nagashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Chuo University
- Bunkyo-ku
- Japan
| | - Masa-aki Haga
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Chuo University
- Bunkyo-ku
- Japan
| | - Takao Ishida
- Nanomaterials Research Institute (NMRI)
- Department of Materials and Chemistry
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
- Tsukuba
- Japan
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12
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Cai P, Jia H, Chen J, Cao Y. Organic/Organic Cathode Bi-Interlayers Based on a Water-Soluble Nonconjugated Polymer and an Alcohol-Soluble Conjugated Polymer for High Efficiency Inverted Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:27871-27877. [PMID: 26618891 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, organic/organic cathode bi-interlayers based on a water-soluble nonconjugated polymer PDMC and an alcohol-soluble conjugated polymer PFN were introduced to modifythe ITO cathode for inverted polymer solar cells (PSCs). PDMC with ultrahigh molecular weight would facilitate to form strong adsorption on the ITO substrate, while PFN could provide both compatibly interfacial contacts with the bottom PDMC interlayer and the upper organic active layer. The PDMC/PFN cathode bi-interlayers could decrease work function of the ITO cathode to 3.8 eV, supplying the most efficient ohmic interfacial contacts for electron collection at the ITO cathode. With a PTB7:PC71BM blend as the active layer, inverted PSCs based on the PDMC/PFN cathode bi-interlayers showed the highest efficiency of 9.01% and the best air stability within 60 days if compared with devices based on a separate PDMC or PFN cathode interlayer. The results suggest that the PDMC/PFN cathode bi-interlayers would play an important role to achieve high efficiency and stable inverted PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Cai
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hongfu Jia
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Junwu Chen
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, China
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Zeng T, Leimkühler S, Koetz J, Wollenberger U. Effective Electrochemistry of Human Sulfite Oxidase Immobilized on Quantum-Dots-Modified Indium Tin Oxide Electrode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:21487-21494. [PMID: 26357959 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The bioelectrocatalytic sulfite oxidation by human sulfite oxidase (hSO) on indium tin oxide (ITO) is reported, which is facilitated by functionalizing of the electrode surface with polyethylenimine (PEI)-entrapped CdS nanoparticles and enzyme. hSO was assembled onto the electrode with a high surface loading of electroactive enzyme. In the presence of sulfite but without additional mediators, a high bioelectrocatalytic current was generated. Reference experiments with only PEI showed direct electron transfer and catalytic activity of hSO, but these were less pronounced. The application of the polyelectrolyte-entrapped quantum dots (QDs) on ITO electrodes provides a compatible surface for enzyme binding with promotion of electron transfer. Variations of the buffer solution conditions, e.g., ionic strength, pH, viscosity, and the effect of oxygen, were studied in order to understand intramolecular and heterogeneous electron transfer from hSO to the electrode. The results are consistent with a model derived for the enzyme by using flash photolysis in solution and spectroelectrochemistry and molecular dynamic simulations of hSO on monolayer-modified gold electrodes. Moreover, for the first time a photoelectrochemical electrode involving immobilized hSO is demonstrated where photoexcitation of the CdS/hSO-modified electrode lead to an enhanced generation of bioelectrocatalytic currents upon sulfite addition. Oxidation starts already at the redox potential of the electron transfer domain of hSO and is greatly increased by application of a small overpotential to the CdS/hSO-modified ITO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zeng
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology and ‡Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Silke Leimkühler
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology and ‡Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Joachim Koetz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology and ‡Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ulla Wollenberger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology and ‡Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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14
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Welch PM, Welch CF, Henson NJ. Flattening of Dendrimers from Solutions onto Charged Surfaces. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:180-184. [PMID: 35590501 DOI: 10.1021/mz400524c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of dendrimers onto charged surfaces plays a role in many emerging applications. Numerous studies found in the literature report that dendrimers flatten at these interfaces. Here, we provide a simple scaling theory that describes the height of the adsorbed layer, the fraction of segments within the dendrimer that touch the surface, and the total number of dendrimers adsorbed as a function of generation of growth, surface charge density, and concentration. We demonstrate that these predictions agree well with extensive molecular dynamics simulations. Combined, the simulations and scaling argument indicate that simultaneous adsorption and compression at the interface take place.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. M. Welch
- Theoretical
and Materials Science and Technology Divisions, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, United States
| | - C. F. Welch
- Theoretical
and Materials Science and Technology Divisions, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, United States
| | - N. J. Henson
- Theoretical
and Materials Science and Technology Divisions, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, United States
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15
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Gu X, Meng F, Liu G, Zhang H, Zhou J, Ruan S. Influences of surface capping with electrostatically self-assembled PEI on the photoresponse of a TiO2 thin film. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:6328-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc42745e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Kang H, Hong S, Lee J, Lee K. Electrostatically self-assembled nonconjugated polyelectrolytes as an ideal interfacial layer for inverted polymer solar cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:3005-2938. [PMID: 22553148 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201200594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongkyu Kang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Heeger Center for Advanced Materials, Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
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17
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Zhou Y, Fuentes-Hernandez C, Shim J, Meyer J, Giordano AJ, Li H, Winget P, Papadopoulos T, Cheun H, Kim J, Fenoll M, Dindar A, Haske W, Najafabadi E, Khan TM, Sojoudi H, Barlow S, Graham S, Brédas JL, Marder SR, Kahn A, Kippelen B. A universal method to produce low-work function electrodes for organic electronics. Science 2012; 336:327-32. [PMID: 22517855 DOI: 10.1126/science.1218829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 738] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Organic and printed electronics technologies require conductors with a work function that is sufficiently low to facilitate the transport of electrons in and out of various optoelectronic devices. We show that surface modifiers based on polymers containing simple aliphatic amine groups substantially reduce the work function of conductors including metals, transparent conductive metal oxides, conducting polymers, and graphene. The reduction arises from physisorption of the neutral polymer, which turns the modified conductors into efficient electron-selective electrodes in organic optoelectronic devices. These polymer surface modifiers are processed in air from solution, providing an appealing alternative to chemically reactive low-work function metals. Their use can pave the way to simplified manufacturing of low-cost and large-area organic electronic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhua Zhou
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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18
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Terada KI, Nakamura H, Kanaizuka K, Haga MA, Asai Y, Ishida T. Long-range electron transport of ruthenium-centered multilayer films via a stepping-stone mechanism. ACS NANO 2012; 6:1988-1999. [PMID: 22324341 DOI: 10.1021/nn300126m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We studied electron transport of Ru complex multilayer films, whose structure resembles redox-active complex films known in the literature to have long-range electron transport abilities. Hydrogen bond formation in terms of pH control was used to induce spontaneous growth of a Ru complex multilayer. We made a cross-check between electrochemical measurements and I-V measurements using PEDOT:PSS to eliminate the risk of pinhole contributions to the mechanism and have found small β values of 0.012-0.021 Å(-1). Our Ru complex layers exhibit long-range electron transport but with low conductance. On the basis of the results of our theoretical-experimental collaboration, we propose a modified tunneling mechanism named the "stepping-stone mechanism", where the alignment of site potentials forms a narrow band around E(F), making resonant tunneling possible. Our observations may support Tuccito et al.'s proposed mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei-ichi Terada
- Nanosystem Research Institute (NRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-2-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8564, Japan
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19
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Peng Q, He X, Li Y, Wang C, Wang R, Hu P, Yan Y, Sritharan T. Chemically and uniformly grafting carbon nanotubes onto carbon fibers by poly(amidoamine) for enhancing interfacial strength in carbon fiber composites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm16723a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Li Y, Peng Q, He X, Hu P, Wang C, Shang Y, Wang R, Jiao W, Lv H. Synthesis and characterization of a new hierarchical reinforcement by chemically grafting graphene oxide onto carbon fibers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32596a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Fosdick SE, Crooks RM. Bipolar Electrodes for Rapid Screening of Electrocatalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 134:863-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja210354m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E. Fosdick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Center for
Electrochemistry, and the Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and
Technology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, United States
| | - Richard M. Crooks
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Center for
Electrochemistry, and the Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and
Technology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, United States
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22
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Ma F, Zhang Y, Qi H, Gao Q, Zhang C, Miao W. Ultrasensitive electrogenerated chemiluminescence biosensor for the determination of mercury ion incorporating G4 PAMAM dendrimer and Hg(II)-specific oligonucleotide. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 32:37-42. [PMID: 22209067 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
A novel electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor for highly sensitive and selective detection of mercury ion was developed on the basis of mercury-specific oligonucleotide (MSO) served as a molecular recognition element and the ruthenium(II) complex (Ru1) as an ECL emitting species. The biosensor was fabricated on a glassy carbon electrode coated with a thin layer of single wall carbon nanotubes, where the ECL probe, NH(2)-(CH(2))(6)-oligo(ethylene oxide)(6)-MSO↔Dend-Ru1, was covalently attached. The Dend-Ru1 pendant was prepared by covalent coupling Ru1 with the 4th generation polyamidoamine dendrimer (Dend), in which each dendrimer contained 35 Ru1 units so that a large amplification of ECL signal was obtained. Upon binding of Hg(2+) to thymine (T) bases of the MSO, the T-Hg-T structure was formed, and the MSO changed from its linear shape to a "hairpin" configuration. Consequently, the Dend-Ru1 approached the electrode surface resulting in the increase of anodic ECL signal in the presence of the ECL coreactant tri-n-propylamine. The reported biosensor showed a high reproducibility and possessed long-term storage stability (92.3% initial ECL recovery over 30 day's storage). An extremely low detection limit of 2.4 pM and a large dynamic range of 7.0 pM to 50 nM Hg(2+) were obtained. An apparent binding constant of 1.6 × 10(9)M(-1) between Hg(2+) and the MSO was estimated using an ECL based extended Langmuir isotherm approach involving multilayer adsorption. Determination of Hg(2+) contents in real water samples was conducted and the data were consistent with the results from cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, PR China
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23
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Gnichwitz JF, Marczak R, Werner F, Lang N, Jux N, Guldi DM, Peukert W, Hirsch A. Efficient Synthetic Access to Cationic Dendrons and Their Application for ZnO Nanoparticles Surface Functionalization: New Building Blocks for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:17910-20. [DOI: 10.1021/ja106076h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Frederik Gnichwitz
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany, Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Renata Marczak
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany, Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian Werner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany, Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nina Lang
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany, Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany, Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany, Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Peukert
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany, Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestrasse 42, 91054 Erlangen, Germany, Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Fudickar W, Linker T. Novel anthracene materials for applications in lithography and reversible photoswitching by light and air. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:4421-4428. [PMID: 20052984 DOI: 10.1021/la904299n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Herein we demonstrate how the photoreaction between anthracenes and singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) is employed for applications either as photoswitch or as photoresist. Thin films of the diaryl-alkyl anthracene 1 and the analogous oligomeric species 2 were irradiated under photomasks to generate pattern structures composed of 1/1-O(2) and 2/2-O(2). Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) provided a powerful and nondestructive method to image the pattern information. The following studies based on AFM, KPFM and contact angle measurements unfold that the two species 1 and 2 underwent different progressions after the imaging step. Degrading is observed for the monomeric compound 1 and the pattern eventually becomes recognizable in topography. In the oxidized state (1-O(2)) the monomeric species remains physically stable. In consequence, the unreacted portion is removable and the remaining oxygenated form 1-O(2) is sufficiently stable to protect an underlying substrate (e.g., silver) from etching. Thus, the system 1/1-O(2) operates as photoresist. On the other hand, both states of the oligomer 2 remain stable. The film is stable up to temperatures >120 degrees C required to erase the pattern within acceptable time by cycloreversion. Anthracene 2 therefore acts as erasable and rewritable photochromic switch. The different behavior between 1 and 2 is explained by phase transitions which cause crystallization and finally ablation. Such transitions affect only the monomeric system 1/1-O(2) and not the oligomeric system 2/2-O(2). In conclusion, we designed two very similar materials based on diarylanthracenes, which can act either as a photoresist or as a rewritable photochromic switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Fudickar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam/Golm, Germany
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