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First Generation Amperometric Biosensing of Galactose with Xerogel-Carbon Nanotube Layer-By-Layer Assemblies. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 9:nano9010042. [PMID: 30597967 PMCID: PMC6359589 DOI: 10.3390/nano9010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A first-generation amperometric galactose biosensor has been systematically developed utilizing layer-by-layer (LbL) construction of xerogels, polymers, and carbon nanotubes toward a greater fundamental understanding of sensor design with these materials and the potential development of a more efficient galactosemia diagnostic tool for clinical application. The effect of several parameters (xerogel silane precursor, buffer pH, enzyme concentration, drying time and the inclusion of a polyurethane (PU) outer layer) on galactose sensitivity were investigated with the critical nature of xerogel selection being demonstrated. Xerogels formed from silanes with medium, aliphatic side chains were shown to exhibit significant enhancements in sensitivity with the addition of PU due to decreased enzyme leaching. Semi-permeable membranes of diaminobenzene and resorcinol copolymer and Nafion were used for selective discrimination against interferent species and the accompanying loss of sensitivity with adding layers was countered using functionalized, single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Optimized sensor performance included effective galactose sensitivity (0.037 μA/mM) across a useful diagnostic concentration range (0.5 mM to 7 mM), fast response time (~30 s), and low limits of detection (~80 μM) comparable to literature reports on galactose sensors. Additional modification with anionic polymer layers and/or nanoparticles allowed for galactose detection in blood serum samples and additional selectivity effectiveness.
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Wayu MB, Pannell MJ, Leopold MC. Layered Xerogel Films Incorporating Monolayer‐Protected Cluster Networks on Platinum‐Black‐Modified Electrodes for Enhanced Sensitivity in First‐Generation Uric Acid Biosensing. ChemElectroChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mulugeta B. Wayu
- Department of Chemistry, Gottwald Center for the Sciences University of Richmond Richmond VA 23173 USA), Fax: (804) 28-71-89-7
| | - Michael J. Pannell
- Department of Chemistry, Gottwald Center for the Sciences University of Richmond Richmond VA 23173 USA), Fax: (804) 28-71-89-7
| | - Michael C. Leopold
- Department of Chemistry, Gottwald Center for the Sciences University of Richmond Richmond VA 23173 USA), Fax: (804) 28-71-89-7
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Schmidt AR, Nguyen NDT, Leopold MC. Nanoparticle film assemblies as platforms for electrochemical biosensing--factors affecting the amperometric signal enhancement of hydrogen peroxide. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:4574-83. [PMID: 23473024 DOI: 10.1021/la400359x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Factors affecting the enhanced amperometric signal observed at electrodes modified with polyelectrolyte-gold nanoparticle (Au-NP) composite films, which are potential interfaces for first-generation biosensors, were systematically investigated and optimized for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection. Polyelectrolyte multilayer films embedded with citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles exhibited high sensitivity toward the oxidation of H2O2. From this Au-NP film assembly, the importance of Au-NP ligand protection, film permeability, the density of Au-NPs within the film, and electronic coupling between Au-NPs (interparticle) and between the film and the electrode (interfacial) were evaluated. Using alternative Au-NPs, including those stabilized with thiols, polymers, and bulky ligands, suggests that the amperometric enhancement of H2O2 is optimized at poly-L-lysine-linked film assemblies embedded with Au-NPs possessing small, charged, and conductive (conjugated) peripheral ligands. As a potential application of these Au-NP film assemblies, an enhanced amperometric signal for H2O2 oxidation was shown for modified "needle" electrodes. The overall aim of this research is to gain a greater understanding of designing electrochemical sensing strategies that incorporate Au-NPs and target specific analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne R Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, Gottwald Center for the Sciences, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, USA
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4
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Freeman MH, Hall JR, Leopold MC. Monolayer-protected nanoparticle doped xerogels as functional components of amperometric glucose biosensors. Anal Chem 2013; 85:4057-65. [PMID: 23472762 DOI: 10.1021/ac3037188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
First-generation amperometric glucose biosensors incorporating alkanethiolate-protected gold nanoparticles, monolayer protected clusters (MPCs), within a xerogel matrix are investigated as model systems for nanomaterial-assisted electrochemical sensing strategies. The xerogel biosensors are comprised of platinum electrodes modified with composite films of (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxy silane xerogel embedded with glucose oxidase enzyme, doped with Au225(C6)75 MPCs, and coated with an outer polyurethane layer. Electrochemistry and scanning/transmission electron microscopy, including cross-sectional TEM, show sensor construction, humidity effects on xerogel structure, and successful incorporation of MPCs. Analytical performance of the biosensor scheme with and without MPC doping of the xerogel is determined from direct glucose injection during amperometry. MPC-doped xerogels yield significant enhancement of several sensor attributes compared to analogous films without nanoparticles: doubling of the linear range, sensitivity enhancement by an order of magnitude, and 4-fold faster response times accompany long-term stability and resistance to common interfering agents that are competitive with current glucose biosensing literature. Ligand chain length and the MPC/silane ratio studies suggest the MPC-induced enhancements are critically related to structure-function relationships, particularly those affecting interparticle electronic communication where the MPC network behaves as a three-dimensional extension of the working electrode into the xerogel film, reducing the system's dependence on diffusion and maximizing efficiency of the sensing mechanism. The integration of MPCs as a functional component of amperometric biosensor schemes has implications for future development of biosensors targeting clinically relevant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Freeman
- Department of Chemistry, Gottwald Center for the Sciences, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, United States
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Yuan W, Lu Z, Wang H, Li CM. Sacrificial polymer thin-film template with tunability to construct high-density Au nanoparticle arrays and their refractive index sensing. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:15499-507. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52816b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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6
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Gupta RK, Ying G, Srinivasan MP, Lee PS. Covalent Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles: An Application toward Transistor Memory. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:9784-90. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3008283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raju Kumar Gupta
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Gao Ying
- Energy Research Institute @
NTU (ERI@N), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637553
| | - M. P. Srinivasan
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117576
| | - Pooi See Lee
- School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
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Gupta RK, Kusuma DY, Lee PS, Srinivasan MP. Covalent assembly of gold nanoparticles for nonvolatile memory applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:4619-4625. [PMID: 22023018 DOI: 10.1021/am201022v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This work reports a versatile approach for enhancing the stability of nonvolatile memory devices through covalent assembly of functionalized gold nanoparticles. 11-mercapto-1-undecanol functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with a narrow size distribution and particle size of about 5 nm were synthesized. Then, the AuNPs were immobilized on a SiO(2) substrate using a functionalized polymer as a surface modifier. Microscopic and spectroscopic techniques were used to characterize the AuNPs and their morphology before and after immobilization. Finally, a metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) type memory device with such covalently anchored AuNPs as a charge trapping layer was fabricated. The MIS structure showed well-defined counterclockwise C-V hysteresis curves indicating a good memory effect. The flat band voltage shift was 1.64 V at a swapping voltage between ±7 V. Furthermore, the MIS structure showed a good retention characteristic up to 20,000 s. The present synthetic route to covalently immobilize gold nanoparticles system will be a step towards realization for the nanoparticle-based electronic devices and related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117576
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Trabattoni S, Moret M, Miozzo L, Campione M. Self-assembly of gold nanoparticles on functional organic molecular crystals. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 360:422-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.04.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Shon YS, Aquino M, Pham TV, Rave D, Ramirez M, Lin K, Vaccarello P, Lopez G, Gredig T, Kwon C. Stability and Morphology of Gold Nanoisland Arrays Generated from Layer-by-Layer Assembled Nanoparticle Multilayer Films: Effects of Heating Temperature and Particle Size. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2011; 115:10597-10605. [PMID: 21625329 PMCID: PMC3102539 DOI: 10.1021/jp110531x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This article reports the effects of heating temperature and composition of nanoparticle multilayer films on the morphology, stability, and optical property of gold nanoisland films prepared by nanoparticle self-assembly/heating method. First, nanoparticle-polymer multilayer films are prepared by the layer-by-layer assembly. Nanoparticle multilayer films are then heated at temperature ranging from 500 °C to 625 °C in air to induce an evaporation of organic matters from the films. During the heating process, the nanoparticles on the solid surface undergo coalescence, resulting in the formation of nanostructured gold island arrays. Characterization of nanoisland films using atomic force microscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy suggests that the morphology and stability of gold island films change when different heating temperatures are applied. Stable gold nanoisland thin film arrays can only be obtained after heat treatments at or above 575 °C. In addition, the results show that the use of nanoparticles with different sizes produces nanoisland films with different morphologies. Multilayer films containing smaller gold nanoparticles tend to produce more monodisperse and smaller island nanostructures. Other variables such as capping ligands around nanoparticles and molecular weight of polymer linkers are found to have only minimal effects on the structure of island films. The adsorption of streptavidin on the biotin-functionalized nanoisland films is studied for examining the biosensing capability of nanoisland arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Seok Shon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840
- CORRESPONDING AUTHOR FOOTNOTE. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 ,
| | - Michael Aquino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840
| | - ThienLoc V. Pham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840
| | - David Rave
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840
| | - Michael Ramirez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840
| | - Kristopher Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840
| | - Paul Vaccarello
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840
| | - Gregory Lopez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840
| | - Thomas Gredig
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840
| | - Chuhee Kwon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840
- CORRESPONDING AUTHOR FOOTNOTE. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 ,
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10
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Szwarcman D, Vestler D, Markovich G. The size-dependent ferroelectric phase transition in BaTiO₃ nanocrystals probed by surface plasmons. ACS NANO 2011; 5:507-515. [PMID: 21138326 DOI: 10.1021/nn102385e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A new technique for probing the temperature dependence of the dielectric constant of ferroelectric nanocrystals (NCs) using shifts in the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) wavelength of gold nanoparticles attached to the surface of the ferroelectric NCs is demonstrated. This technique can selectively probe the surface of the NCs and was used to study the ferroelectric-to-paraelectric phase transition of barium titanate (BTO) nanocubes in three size regimes of 16 ± 4, 47 ± 11, and 220 ± 140 nm. Temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy was also applied to probe the whole volume of the NCs. The LSPR-based technique revealed that the ∼16 nm BTO NCs were dominated by surface effects, and as the NC size increased bulk BTO behavior governed. This supports recent propositions about the lack of intrinsic size dependence of the transition temperature. Therefore, the surface chemistry/structure probably affected the ferroelectric behavior rather than finite size effects. A distinct phase transition at the surface characterized by a very long relaxation time was detected by the LSPR-based technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Szwarcman
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
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11
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Mao Y, Xu HP, Zhao H, Yuan WZ, Qin A, Yu Y, Faisal M, Xiao A Z, Sun JZ, Tang BZ. Composites of quaternized poly(pyridylacetylene) and silver nanoparticles: Nanocomposite preparation, conductivity and photoinduced patterning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm11459j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Khalid M, Wasio N, Chase T, Bandyopadhyay K. In Situ Generation of Two-Dimensional Au-Pt Core-Shell Nanoparticle Assemblies. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2009; 5:61-67. [PMID: 20651923 PMCID: PMC2893773 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-009-9443-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional assemblies of Au-Pt bimetallic nanoparticles are generated in situ on polyethyleneimmine (PEI) silane functionalized silicon and indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass surfaces. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV-Visible spectroscopy, and electrochemical measurements reveal the formation of core-shell structure with Au as core and Pt as shell. The core-shell structure is further supported by comparing with the corresponding data of Au nanoparticle assemblies. Static contact angle measurements with water show an increase in hydrophilic character due to bimetallic nanoparticle generation on different surfaces. It is further observed that these Au-Pt core-shell bimetallic nanoparticle assemblies are catalytically active towards methanol electro-oxidation, which is the key reaction for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Khalid
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan—Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Road, Dearborn, MI, 48128, USA
| | - Natalie Wasio
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan—Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Road, Dearborn, MI, 48128, USA
| | - Thomas Chase
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan—Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Road, Dearborn, MI, 48128, USA
| | - Krisanu Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan—Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Road, Dearborn, MI, 48128, USA
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Khalid M, Pala I, Wasio N, Bandyopadhyay K. Functionalized surface as template for in situ generation of two-dimensional metal nanoparticle assembly. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Polyelectrolyte-linked film assemblies of nanoparticles and nanoshells: Growth, stability, and optical properties. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 331:532-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Revised: 11/22/2008] [Accepted: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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McConnell MD, Yang S, Composto RJ. Covalent Nanoparticle Assembly onto Random Copolymer Films. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma8023156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marla D. McConnell
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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Loftus AF, Reighard KP, Kapourales SA, Leopold MC. Monolayer-Protected Nanoparticle Film Assemblies as Platforms for Controlling Interfacial and Adsorption Properties in Protein Monolayer Electrochemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:1649-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ja076312k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F. Loftus
- Department of Chemistry, Gottwald Center for the Sciences, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173
| | - Katelyn P. Reighard
- Department of Chemistry, Gottwald Center for the Sciences, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173
| | - Susanna A. Kapourales
- Department of Chemistry, Gottwald Center for the Sciences, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173
| | - Michael C. Leopold
- Department of Chemistry, Gottwald Center for the Sciences, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173
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