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Babanejad N, Mfoafo K, Thumma A, Omidi Y, Omidian H. Advances in cryostructures and their applications in biomedical and pharmaceutical products. Polym Bull (Berl) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-023-04683-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Lozinsky VI. Cryostructuring of Polymeric Systems. 55. Retrospective View on the More than 40 Years of Studies Performed in the A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds with Respect of the Cryostructuring Processes in Polymeric Systems. Gels 2020; 6:E29. [PMID: 32927850 PMCID: PMC7559272 DOI: 10.3390/gels6030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The processes of cryostructuring in polymeric systems, the techniques of the preparation of diverse cryogels and cryostructurates, the physico-chemical mechanisms of their formation, and the applied potential of these advanced polymer materials are all of high scientific and practical interest in many countries. This review article describes and discusses the results of more than 40 years of studies in this field performed by the researchers from the A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences-one of the key centers, where such investigations are carried out. The review includes brief historical information, the description of the main effects and trends characteristic of the cryostructuring processes, the data on the morphological specifics inherent in the polymeric cryogels and cryostructurates, and examples of their implementation for solving certain applied tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir I Lozinsky
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street, 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Influence of succinylation of a wide-pore albumin cryogels on their properties, structure, biodegradability, and release dynamics of dioxidine loaded in such spongy carriers. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 160:583-592. [PMID: 32479937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to reveal how the chemical modification, succinylation in this case, of the wide-pore serum-albumin-based cryogels affects on their osmotic characteristics (swelling extent), biodegradability and ability to be loaded with the bactericide substance - dioxidine, as well as on its release. The cryogels were prepared via the cryogenic processing (freezing - frozen storage - thawing) of aqueous solutions containing bovine serum albumin (50 g/L), denaturant (urea or guanidine hydrochloride, 1.0 mol/L) and reductant (cysteine, 0.01 mol/L). Freezing/frozen storage temperatures were either -15, or -20, or -25 °C. After defrosting, spongy cryogels were obtained that possessed the system of interconnected gross pores, whose shape and dimensions were dependent on the freezing temperature and on the type of denaturant introduced in the feed solution. Subsequent succinylation of the resultant cryogels caused the growth of the swelling degree of the pore walls of these spongy materials, resulted in strengthening of their resistance against of trypsinolysis and gave rise to an increase in their loading capacity with respect to dioxidine. With that, the microbiological tests showed a higher bactericidal activity of the dioxidine-loaded sponges based on the succinylated albumin cryogels as compared to that of the drug-carriers based on the non-modified protein sponges.
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Strachota B, Oleksyuk K, Strachota A, Šlouf M. Porous hybrid poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels with very fast volume response to temperature and pH. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ganguly S, Maity PP, Mondal S, Das P, Bhawal P, Dhara S, Das NC. Polysaccharide and poly(methacrylic acid) based biodegradable elastomeric biocompatible semi-IPN hydrogel for controlled drug delivery. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 92:34-51. [PMID: 30184759 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles embedded semi-interpenetrating (semi-IPNs) polymeric hydrogels with enhanced mechanical toughness and biocompatibility could have splendid biomedical acceptance. Here we propose poly(methacrylic acid) grafted polysaccharide based semi-IPNs filled with nanoclay via in situ Michael type reaction associated with covalent crosslinking with N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA). The effect of nanoclay in the semi-IPN hydrogel has been investigated which showed significant improvement of mechanical robustness. Meanwhile, the hydrogels showed reversible ductility up to 70% in response to cyclic loading-unloading cycle which is an obvious phenomenon of rubber-like elasticity. The synthesized semi-IPN hydrogel show biodegradability and non-cytotoxic nature against human cells. The live-dead assay showed that the prepared hydrogel is a viable platform for cell growth without causing severe cell death. The in vitro drug release study in psychological pH (pH = 7.4) reveals that the controlled drug release phenomena can be tuned by simulating the environment pH. Such features in a single hydrogel assembly can propose this as high performance; biodegradable and non-cytotoxic 3D scaffold based promising biomaterial for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Ganguly
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721301, India
| | - Priti Prasanna Maity
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721301, India
| | - Subhadip Mondal
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721301, India
| | - Poushali Das
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721301, India
| | - Poushali Bhawal
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721301, India
| | - Santanu Dhara
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721301, India
| | - Narayan Ch Das
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721301, India.
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Ali S, Shehzad FK, Maitlo I, Valiev S, Muhyodin G, Nie J. Binary phase solid-state photopolymerization behavior of acrylate cryogels under different light sources. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Safdar Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Farooq Khurum Shehzad
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Science; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Inamullah Maitlo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
- Dawood University of Engineering and Technology; Karachi Pakistan
| | - Sultan Valiev
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Ghulam Muhyodin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
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Depa K, Strachota A, Šlouf M, Brus J. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-SiO2 nanocomposites interpenetrated by starch: Stimuli-responsive hydrogels with attractive tensile properties. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Starodubtsev S, Nasimova I, Volkov V. Features of polyelectrolite behavior and structure of sodium polyacrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate cryogels. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Verma R, Ravichandran R, Jayaprakash NS, Kumar A, Vijayalakshmi MA, Venkataraman K. Adjuvant poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) generates more efficient monoclonal antibodies against truncated recombinant histidine-rich protein2 of Plasmodium falciparum for malaria diagnosis. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:772-82. [PMID: 25641957 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants play an important role in eliciting immune responses and subsequent generation of antibodies with high specificity. Recently, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNiPAAm), also known as a "smart" polymer, has been proposed as a potential adjuvant for making antibodies and vaccines. This material exhibits efficient delivery, protection against degradation, and preservation of antigen epitopes. In this work, we used both CFA and smart polymer to develop a highly specific murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) against recombinant truncated histidine rich protein2 (HRP2) of Plasmodium falciparum. Our results indicate that the mAbs developed using these adjuvants were able to recognize recombinant HRP2 and native PfHRP2 protein from spent medium. The mAbs generated against recombinant truncated HRP2 showed better sensitivity to the antigen and importantly mAbs generated using PNiPAAm adjuvant were in the range of 10(8)-10(9) M(-1). The mAbs generated using PNiPAAm are very efficient and sensitive in detecting HRP2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such comparison having been made between these two adjuvants and we propose that the smart polymer has huge potential as an alternative to CFA. Additionally, we discuss the utility of the mAbs generated through PNiPAAm for specific diagnosis of malaria caused by P. falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Verma
- Centre for Bio Separation Technology (CBST), VIT University, Vellore, India
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Boyaci T, Orakdogen N. pH-responsive poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-co-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propanosulfonic acid) cryogels: swelling, elasticity and diffusive properties. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11634a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tough and fast responsive ionic P(DMAEMA-co-AMPS) cryogels were prepared below the bulk freezing temperature of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talin Boyaci
- Istanbul Technical University
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Nermin Orakdogen
- Istanbul Technical University
- Department of Chemistry
- Istanbul
- Turkey
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Larsson E, Boujemaoui A, Malmström E, Carlmark A. Thermoresponsive cryogels reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12603g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoresponsive cryogels reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals which were either physically entangled or covalently crosslinked into the structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Larsson
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- SE-100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - A. Boujemaoui
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- SE-100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - E. Malmström
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- SE-100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - A. Carlmark
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering
- SE-100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
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Thermoresponsive submicron-sized core–shell hydrogel particles with encapsulated olive oil. Colloid Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3309-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Seo SR, Lee HY, Kim JC. Thermo- and pH-Responsiveness of Emulsions Stabilized with Acidic Thermosentive Polymers. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2012.735974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Carvalho BMA, Da Silva SL, Da Silva LHM, Minim VPR, Da Silva MCH, Carvalho LM, Minim LA. Cryogel Poly(acrylamide): Synthesis, Structure and Applications. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2013.795902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Komarova GA, Starodubtsev SG, Khokhlov AR. Specific features of the polyelectrolyte behavior of weakly charged cryogels of polyacrylamide and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x13060047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Depa K, Strachota A, Šlouf M, Hromádková J. Fast temperature-responsive nanocomposite PNIPAM hydrogels with controlled pore wall thickness: Force and rate of T-response. Eur Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Komarova GA, Starodubtsev SG, Lozinsky VV, Nasimova IR, Khokhlov AR. Intelligent gels and cryogels with embedded emulsions of various oils. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Vrana NE, Matsumura K, Hyon SH, Geever LM, Kennedy JE, Lyons JG, Higginbotham CL, Cahill PA, McGuinness GB. Cell encapsulation and cryostorage in PVA-gelatin cryogels: incorporation of carboxylated ε-poly-L-lysine as cryoprotectant. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 6:280-90. [PMID: 21706775 DOI: 10.1002/term.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
It is desirable to produce cryopreservable cell-laden tissue-engineering scaffolds whose final properties can be adjusted during the thawing process immediately prior to use. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based solutions provide platforms in which cryoprotected cell suspensions can be turned into a ready-to-use, cell-laden scaffold by a process of cryogelation. In this study, such a PVA system, with DMSO as the cryoprotectant, was successfully developed. Vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC)-encapsulated cryogels were investigated under conditions of cyclic strain and in co-culture with vascular endothelial cells to mimic the environment these cells experience in vivo in a vascular tissue-engineering setting. In view of the cytotoxicity DMSO imposes with respect to the production procedure, carboxylated poly-L-lysine (COOH-PLL) was substituted as a non-cytotoxic cryoprotectant to allow longer, slower thawing periods to generate more stable cryogels. Encapsulated vSMC with DMSO as a cryoprotectant responded to 10% cyclic strain with increased alignment and proliferation. Cells were stored frozen for 1 month without loss of viability compared to immediate thawing. SMC-encapsulated cryogels also successfully supported functional endothelial cell co-culture. Substitution of COOH-PLL in place of DMSO resulted in a significant increase in cell viability in encapsulated cryogels for a range of thawing periods. We conclude that incorporation of COOH-PLL during cryogelation preserved cell functionality while retaining fundamental cryogel physical properties, thereby making it a promising platform for tissue-engineering scaffolds, particularly for vascular tissue engineering, or cell preservation within microgels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal E Vrana
- Materials Processing Research Centre, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
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Jagadeesan D, Nasimova I, Gourevich I, Starodubtsev S, Kumacheva E. Microgels for the Encapsulation and Stimulus-Responsive Release of Molecules with Distinct Polarities. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11:889-96. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Kirsebom H, Mattiasson B. Cryostructuration as a tool for preparing highly porous polymer materials. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1py00014d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This mini-review highlights some of the recent progress of using cryostructuration for the production of porous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bo Mattiasson
- Department of Biotechnology
- Lund University
- Lund
- Sweden
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Burova TV, Grinberg NV, Kalinina EV, Ivanov RV, Lozinsky VI, Alvarez-Lorenzo C, Grinberg VY. Thermoresponsive Copolymer Cryogel Possessing Molecular Memory: Synthesis, Energetics of Collapse and Interaction with Ligands. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201000382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kahveci MU, Beyazkilic Z, Yagci Y. Polyacrylamide cryogels by photoinitiated free radical polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Poly(maleic anhydride-co-acrylic acid)/poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels with pH- and ionic-strength-responses. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-010-9191-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Aseyev V, Tenhu H, Winnik FM. Non-ionic Thermoresponsive Polymers in Water. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2010_57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Cryostructuring of polymer systems. XXX. Poly(vinyl alcohol)-based composite cryogels filled with small disperse oil droplets: A gel system capable of mechanically induced releasing of the lipophilic constituents. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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31
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Sun XL, He WD, Pan TT, Ding ZL, Zhang YJ. RAFT cryopolymerizations of acrylamides and acrylates in dioxane at −5°C. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sun XL, He WD, Li J, Li LY, Zhang BY, Pan TT. RAFT cryopolymerizations ofN,N-dimethylacrylamide andN-isopropylacrylamide in moderately frozen aqueous solution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Komarova GA, Starodubtsev SG, Khokhlov AR. Investigation of Physical−Chemical Properties of Agarose Hydrogels with Embedded Emulsions. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:14849-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jp901255c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Galina A. Komarova
- Institute of Polymer Science, University of Ulm, Ulm D-89081, Germany, and Physics Department, Moscow State Lomonosov University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey G. Starodubtsev
- Institute of Polymer Science, University of Ulm, Ulm D-89081, Germany, and Physics Department, Moscow State Lomonosov University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexei R. Khokhlov
- Institute of Polymer Science, University of Ulm, Ulm D-89081, Germany, and Physics Department, Moscow State Lomonosov University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Formation of macroporous poly(acrylamide) hydrogels in DMSO/water mixture: Transition from cryogelation to phase separation copolymerization. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2008.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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