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Tian J, Chen J, Wang P, Kang S, Guo J, Zhu W, Jin Y, Song J, Rojas OJ. Pickering emulsion stabilization with colloidal lignin is enhanced by salt-induced networking in the aqueous phase. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133504. [PMID: 38944069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
We study the effect of electrolytes on the stability in aqueous media of spherical lignin particles (LP) and its relevance to Pickering emulsion stabilization. Factors considered included the role of ionic strength on morphology development, LP size distribution, surface charge, interfacial adsorption, colloidal and wetting behaviors. Stable emulsions are formed at salt concentrations as low as 50 mM, with the highest stability observed at a critical concentration (400 mM). We show salt-induced destabilization of LP aqueous dispersions at an ionic strength >400 mM. At this critical concentration LP flocculation takes place and particulate networks are formed. This has a profound consequence on the stability of LP-stabilized Pickering emulsions, affecting rheology and long-term stability. The results along with quartz microgravimetry and confocal microscopy observations suggest a possible mechanism for stabilization that considers the interfacial adsorption of LP at oil/water interfaces. The often-unwanted colloidal LP destabilization in water ensues remarkably stable Pickering emulsions by the effect of network formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Shandong laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai 26400, China
| | - Jingqian Chen
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Peipei Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Shaomin Kang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yongcan Jin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Junlong Song
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, 2900-2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall. Vancouver, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Detecting zeta potential of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in electrolyte solutions with atomic force microscope. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 578:116-123. [PMID: 32521351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Zeta potential of PDMS-liquid interface is an important parameter for generating electroosmotic flow in a PDMS microchannel. In this paper, the zeta potentials of a PDMS slab in contacting with electrolyte solutions were evaluated with an atomic force microscope (AFM). As a colloidal probe of the AFM approaches to the surface of a PDMS slab in an electrolyte solution, a force curve is obtained and used to calculate the zeta potential of the PDMS. The effects of the plasma treating time and the aging of the electrolyte solutions on the zeta potential of PDMS surfaces were examined. The experimental results show that the air plasma treating time does not change the zeta potential of PDMS appreciably. Furthermore, the decreased zeta potential of a plasma-treated PDMS in an electrolyte solution is due to liquid aging, not the PDMS itself. Such characteristics probed by AFM provide new understanding of the surface charges of PDMS in electrolyte solutions.
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Huang K, Yoon RH. Surface Forces in the Thin Liquid Films (TLFs) of Water Confined between n-Alkane Drops and Hydrophobic Gold Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:15681-15691. [PMID: 31478666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In flotation, air bubbles are commonly used to selectively collect the hydrophobic particles suspended in water, with the collection efficiencies strongly affected by contact angles and the properties of wetting films. Knowing that oil drops form substantially larger contact angles than air bubbles on a hydrophobic surface, many investigators explored the possibility of using oil drops rather than air bubbles for flotation. In the present work, the surface forces present in the thin liquid films (TLFs) of water confined between n-alkanes of different chain lengths and thiol-coated gold surfaces have been measured to better understand the drop-surface interactions, which are controlled by surface forces. The force measurements are conducted by monitoring the changes of local curvatures as an oil drop approaches a flat surface slowly, while monitoring film thicknesses by microinterferometry, constructing spatiotemporal film profiles, and analyzing the profiles to derive disjoining pressure and free energy isotherms using the Frumkin-Derjaguin isotherm. The results show that drop-hydrophobic surface interactions are driven by the hydrophobic force, which was first measured by Israelachvili and Pashley in 1982, and that both short- and long-range hydrophobic forces increase with contact angle and decrease with the chain lengths of n-alkane oils. It has been found also that the hydrophobic forces measured with oil drops have longer decay lengths than those measured with air bubbles, which may provide a kinetic advantage over the method of using air bubbles for flotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwu Huang
- Center for Advanced Separation Technologies , Virginia Tech , 227 Kelly Hall, 325 Stanger Street , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - Roe-Hoan Yoon
- Center for Advanced Separation Technologies , Virginia Tech , 227 Kelly Hall, 325 Stanger Street , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
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Han S, You K, Kim K, Park J. Measurement of the Attachment Force between an Air Bubble and a Mineral Surface: Relationship between the Attachment Force and Flotation Kinetics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:9364-9373. [PMID: 31287321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The interaction forces between air bubbles and mineral surfaces were directly measured during the attachment process using an apparatus developed in our laboratory, and they are defined as the attachment forces. The attachment forces were measured between the air bubble and mineral surfaces modified with surfactants to have different hydrophobicities. Chalcopyrite and galena were used as the mineral surfaces, and their hydrophobicity was controlled by adsorbing xanthates with different hydrocarbon chain lengths. The hydrophobicity is represented by the static contact angle of water on the mineral surface. When the static contact angle was less than 90°, the attachment force increased considerably with increasing static contact angle of the surfaces, irrespective of the mineral type or the hydrocarbon chain length of the adsorbed xanthate. The hydrophobicity of the mineral surface is found to be the dominant factor determining the attachment force. The measured attachment forces agree well with those calculated based on the force balance model derived from the capillary force and Laplace pressure equation. Microflotation experiments to examine the relationship between the attachment force and flotation kinetics were carried out under the same conditions to control surface hydrophobicity. The variation in the flotation kinetic constants and attachment forces with the water contact angle are very similar. As a result, the attachment forces measured by the developed apparatus can provide quantitative information on the interaction between an air bubble and the mineral surface and can be used for predicting the flotation kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongsoo Han
- Convergence Research Center for Development of Mineral Resources (DMR) , Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) , 124 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34132 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering , Hanyang University , 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangsuk You
- Convergence Research Center for Development of Mineral Resources (DMR) , Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) , 124 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34132 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanho Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Development of Mineral Resources (DMR) , Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) , 124 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34132 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jaikoo Park
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering , Hanyang University , 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
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Xing Y, Gui X, Pan L, Pinchasik BE, Cao Y, Liu J, Kappl M, Butt HJ. Recent experimental advances for understanding bubble-particle attachment in flotation. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 246:105-132. [PMID: 28619381 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bubble-particle interaction is of great theoretical and practical importance in flotation. Significant progress has been achieved over the past years and the process of bubble-particle collision is reasonably well understood. This, however, is not the case for bubble-particle attachment leading to three-phase contact line formation due to the difficulty in both theoretical analysis and experimental verification. For attachment, surface forces play a major role. They control the thinning and rupture of the liquid film between the bubble and the particle. The coupling between force, bubble deformation and film drainage is critical to understand the underlying mechanism responsible for bubble-particle attachment. In this review we first discuss the advances in macroscopic experimental methods for characterizing bubble-particle attachment such as induction timer and high speed visualization. Then we focus on advances in measuring the force and drainage of thin liquid films between an air bubble and a solid surface at a nanometer scale. Advances, limits, challenges, and future research opportunities are discussed. By combining atomic force microscopy and reflection interference contrast microscopy, the force, bubble deformation, and liquid film drainage can be measured simultaneously. The simultaneous measurement of the interaction force and the spatiotemporal evolution of the confined liquid film hold great promise to shed new light on flotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowen Xing
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China; Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiahui Gui
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China; Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Lei Pan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton 49931, USA
| | - Bat-El Pinchasik
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yijun Cao
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiongtian Liu
- Chinese National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Michael Kappl
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Hans-Jürgen Butt
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Li Z, Yoon RH. Thermodynamics of solvophobic interaction between hydrophobic surfaces in ethanol. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:13312-13320. [PMID: 25327810 DOI: 10.1021/la502924s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AFM surface force measurements were conducted in pure ethanol using gold surfaces hydrophobized with alkanethiols (CnSH) with n = 2-16. The forces measured at 5-35 °C were net attractive and became stronger with decreasing temperature and with increasing surface hydrophobicity. Thermodynamic analysis of the experimental data showed that the macroscopic solvophobic interactions were enthalpic but exhibited significant enthalpy-entropy compensations. The enthalpy decreases may represent the energy gained in forming H-bonded structures of ethanol, while the entropy decreases represent the thermodynamic costs for building structures. These results are consistent with those obtained previously in pure water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoli Li
- Center for Advanced Separation Technologies, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United Sates
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AFM surface force measurements conducted between gold surfaces treated in xanthate solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.minpro.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Thompson D, Sikora M, Szymczak P, Cieplak M. A multi-scale molecular dynamics study of the assembly of micron-size supraparticles from 30 nm alkyl-coated nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:8132-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50523e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Wang J, Li Z, Yoon RH, Eriksson JC. Surface forces in thin liquid films of n-alcohols and of water–ethanol mixtures confined between hydrophobic surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 379:114-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Barrett MJ, Oliver PM, Cheng P, Cetin D, Vezenov D. High density single-molecule-bead arrays for parallel single molecule force spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2012; 84:4907-14. [PMID: 22548234 DOI: 10.1021/ac3001622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The assembly of a highly parallel force spectroscopy tool requires careful placement of single-molecule targets on the substrate and the deliberate manipulation of a multitude of force probes. Since the probe must approach the target biomolecule for covalent attachment, while avoiding irreversible adhesion to the substrate, the use of polymer microspheres as force probes to create the tethered bead array poses a problem. Therefore, the interactions between the force probe and the surface must be repulsive at very short distances (<5 nm) and attractive at long distances. To achieve this balance, the chemistry of the substrate, force probe, and solution must be tailored to control the probe-surface interactions. In addition to an appropriately designed chemistry, it is necessary to control the surface density of the target molecule in order to ensure that only one molecule is interrogated by a single force probe. We used gold-thiol chemistry to control both the substrate's surface chemistry and the spacing of the studied molecules, through binding of the thiol-terminated DNA and an inert thiol forming a blocking layer. For our single molecule array, we modeled the forces between the probe and the substrate using DLVO theory and measured their magnitude and direction with colloidal probe microscopy. The practicality of each system was tested using a probe binding assay to evaluate the proportion of the beads remaining adhered to the surface after application of force. We have translated the results specific for our system to general guiding principles for preparation of tethered bead arrays and demonstrated the ability of this system to produce a high yield of active force spectroscopy probes in a microwell substrate. This study outlines the characteristics of the chemistry needed to create such a force spectroscopy array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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Excess thermodynamic properties of thin water films confined between hydrophobized gold surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 364:257-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pan L, Jung S, Yoon RH. Effect of hydrophobicity on the stability of the wetting films of water formed on gold surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 361:321-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Tabor RF, Morfa AJ, Grieser F, Chan DYC, Dagastine RR. Effect of gold oxide in measurements of colloidal force. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:6026-6030. [PMID: 21506531 DOI: 10.1021/la200166r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy, contact-angle, and spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements were employed to investigate the presence and properties of gold oxide on the surface of gold metal. It was found that, in agreement with available literature, unoxidized gold surfaces were hydrophobic, whereas oxidation rendered the surface highly hydrophilic. The oxide could be removed with ethanol or base but appeared to be stable over long periods in water or salt solutions between pH 3 and 7. After oxidation, the oxide layer thickness, determined using ellipsometry, was consistent with an approximate monolayer of Au-O bonds at the gold surface. The presence of gold oxide was found to alter significantly the electrical double-layer characteristics of the gold surface below pH 6 and may explain the apparent inconsistencies in observed force behavior where gold is employed as well as aiding in design of future microfluidic systems which incorporate gold as a coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico F Tabor
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
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Pan L, Yoon RH. Hydrophobic forces in the wetting films of water formed on xanthate-coated gold surfaces. Faraday Discuss 2010; 146:325-40; discussion 367-93, 395-401. [DOI: 10.1039/b926937a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Qu X, Wang L, Karakashev SI, Nguyen AV. Anomalous thickness variation of the foam films stabilized by weak non-ionic surfactants. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 337:538-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Revised: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Broniatowski M. Long-chain alkyl thiols in Langmuir monolayers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 337:183-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Revised: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Force Curve Measurements between n-Decanethiol Self-Assembled Monolayers in Inert Solvent and in Electrochemical Environment. E-JOURNAL OF SURFACE SCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2009.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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