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Patri S, Thanh NTK, Kamaly N. Magnetic iron oxide nanogels for combined hyperthermia and drug delivery for cancer treatment. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:15446-15464. [PMID: 39113663 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr02058h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Hyperthermia and chemotherapy represent potential modalities for cancer treatments. However, hyperthermia can be invasive, while chemotherapy drugs often have severe side effects. Recent clinical investigations have underscored the potential synergistic efficacy of combining hyperthermia with chemotherapy, leading to enhanced cancer cell killing. In this context, magnetic iron oxide nanogels have emerged as promising candidates as they can integrate superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), providing the requisite magnetism for magnetic hyperthermia, with the nanogel scaffold facilitating smart drug delivery. This review provides an overview of the synthetic methodologies employed in fabricating magnetic nanogels. Key properties and designs of these nanogels are discussed and challenges for their translation to the clinic and the market are summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Patri
- Department of Materials, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Ln, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Nguyen Thi Kim Thanh
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetic and Nanomaterials Laboratories, 21 Albemarle Street, London W1S 4BS, UK.
- Biophysic Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nazila Kamaly
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Ln, London W12 0BZ, UK.
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Kawamura A, Harada A, Ueno S, Miyata T. Weakly Acidic pH and Reduction Dual Stimuli-Responsive Gel Particles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:11484-11492. [PMID: 34565150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the facile preparation of dual stimuli-responsive gel particles that simultaneously respond to weakly acidic and reducing stimuli and the application of these gel particles as a drug delivery carrier. The dual stimuli-responsive gel particles composed of a pH-responsive polymer network cross-linked with reduction stimuli-responsive disulfide cross-links, and biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol) cross-links were prepared by soap-free emulsion polymerization. The resulting gel particles were colloidally stable at physiological ionic strength and had a diameter of approximately 200 nm with a narrow size distribution. The resulting gel particles slightly swelled in an acidic environment. On the other hand, the gel particles drastically swelled under simultaneous weakly acidic and reducing conditions because of the ionization of tertiary amino groups in the gel network and a decrease in the cross-linking density resulting from cleavage of the disulfide cross-links. When cells were treated with the gel particles, they were taken up by cells via the endocytosis pathway and distributed in the cytosol after endosomal escape by the proton sponge effect. In addition, a hydrophobic drug, doxorubicin (Dox), was loaded into the gel particles through hydrophobic interactions. Dox was released from the gel particles under weakly acidic and reducing conditions, while the Dox release was inhibited at neutral pH. The weakly acidic pH- and reduction stimuli-responsive release of Dox from gel particles was attributed to the drastic swelling of these particles. The fascinating properties of the dual stimuli-responsive gel particles suggest that they can provide a useful platform for designing intracellular drug delivery carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akifumi Kawamura
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35, Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
- Organization for Research and Development of Innovative Science and Technology, Kansai University, 3-3-35, Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Ayaka Harada
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35, Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ueno
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35, Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Takashi Miyata
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35, Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
- Organization for Research and Development of Innovative Science and Technology, Kansai University, 3-3-35, Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
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Duygu Sütekin S, Güven O. Application of radiation for the synthesis of poly(n-vinyl pyrrolidone) nanogels with controlled sizes from aqueous solutions. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 145:161-169. [PMID: 30639632 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Controlling of sizes of nanogels is very important for any biomedical application. In the present study we report a facile and reproducible method of preparing biocompatible nanogels of poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) which were synthesized by using either electron beam (e-beam) (NGEB) or gamma irradiation (NGG) of dilute aqueous solutions. Nanogels with different hydrodynamic sizes were obtained at the variance of the polymer molecular weight, concentration, type of radiation source hence dose rate and total absorbed dose. For the first time a comparative study of gamma and e-beam irradiation was made on the same polymer with the aim of controlling sizes of nanogels in the range of 30-250 nm. Moreover the stability of radiation-synthesized nanogels was followed up to 2 years in refrigerated solution and found to retain their original sizes and distributions enabling their long-term storage and use. The synthesized nanogels were characterized by using dynamic light scattering (DLS), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. This work provides a clue to the fundamental question of how to control sizes of nanogels without using any additives which are indispensable with the other techniques. The technique is applicable to any water soluble polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Duygu Sütekin
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Olgun Güven
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
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Wang J, Cooper RC, He H, Li B, Yang H. Polyamidoamine Dendrimer Microgels: Hierarchical Arrangement of Dendrimers into Micrometer Domains with Expanded Structural Features for Programmable Drug Delivery and Release. Macromolecules 2018; 51:6111-6118. [PMID: 30705466 PMCID: PMC6348485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report on the fabrication of micron-sized dendrimer hydrogels (μDHs) using the water-in-oil (w/o) inverse microemulsion method coupled with the highly efficient aza-Michael addition. EDA core polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer G5 (10 w%) and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEG-DA, M n = 575 g/mol) (the molar ratio of amine/acrylate = 1/1) were dissolved in the water phase and added to hexane in the presence of surfactants span 80/tween 80 (5/1, w/w) (volume ratio of hexane to surfactants: 70:1) to form w/o microemulsions, in which PAMAM G5 cross-links with PEG-DA via the aza-Michael addition reaction. The resulting microgels are within 3-5 μm with relatively narrow size distribution. μDHs are pH-responsive degradable. They show good cytocompatibility and do not cause acute toxicity in vivo. Furthermore, they can realize a high loading of the hydrophobic drug CPT and enter the cells in the form of particles. The CPT and CPT/dendrimer complex can be slowly released following the zero-order release kinetics. Taken together, μDHs possessing hierarchically ordered dendrimers in micron domains represent a new class of microparticles with expanded structural features for programmable drug delivery and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering,
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Remy C Cooper
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Hongliang He
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering,
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Boxuan Li
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering,
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
| | - Hu Yang
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering,
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23219, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University,
Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
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Zhang X, Malhotra S, Molina M, Haag R. Micro- and nanogels with labile crosslinks – from synthesis to biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:1948-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00341a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We emphasize the synthetic strategies to produce micro-/nanogels and the importance of degradable linkers incorporated in the gel network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Berlin 14195
- Germany
| | - Shashwat Malhotra
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Berlin 14195
- Germany
| | - Maria Molina
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Berlin 14195
- Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Berlin 14195
- Germany
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Sahiner N. Soft and flexible hydrogel templates of different sizes and various functionalities for metal nanoparticle preparation and their use in catalysis. Prog Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Zhang Y, Liu H, Fang Y. Preparation of CuS-P(NIPAM-co-MAA) Hybrid Microgels with Controlled Surface Structures. CHINESE J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201190057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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He WT, Xue YN, Peng N, Liu WM, Zhuo RX, Huang SW. One-pot preparation of polyethylenimine-silica nanoparticles as serum-resistant gene delivery vectors: Intracellular trafficking and transfection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm11021g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hamad FB, Mubofu EB, Makame YMM. Wet oxidation of maleic acid by copper(ii) Schiff base catalysts prepared using cashew nut shell liquid templates. Catal Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cy00001b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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