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Zhou T, Zha M, Tang H, Li K, Jiang X. Controlling NIR-II emitting gold organic/inorganic nanohybrids with tunable morphology and surface PEG density for dynamic visualization of vascular dysfunction. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8842-8849. [PMID: 37621431 PMCID: PMC10445439 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02290k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Luminescent Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) and their organic/inorganic nanohybrids are of interest due to their favorable properties and promising biomedical applications. However, most existing AuNP-based hybrid nanostructures cannot satisfy high efficiency in synthesis, deep tissue penetration, and long blood circulation simultaneously, thus cannot be employed in dynamic monitoring of biomedical applications. In this paper, using Pluronic F127 as a template, we report a robust approach for one-pot synthesis of AuNP-based organic/inorganic nanohybrids (AuNHs) with bright luminescence in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window, tunable shape, and controllable surface polyethylene glycol (PEG) density. The nanohybrids could be controlled from a necklace-like shape with a dense brush PEG configuration to a spherical structure with a brush PEG coating, which greatly impacts the in vivo biological behavior. Compared to spherical AuNHs, the necklace-shaped AuNHs present a higher quantum yield and longer blood circulation, which are superior to most of the individual AuNPs. With these outstanding features, the necklace-shaped AuNHs could achieve real-time, dynamic visualization of vascular dysfunction, capable of directing the precise administration of thrombolytics (a medicine for the breakdown of blood clots). These findings could provide a powerful guide for designing novel NIR-II nanoprobes toward in vivo dynamic information visualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyao Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology No. 1088 Xueyuan Rd, Nanshan District Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University No. 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Nanshan District Shenzhen Guangdong 518060 P. R. China
| | - Menglei Zha
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology No. 1088 Xueyuan Rd, Nanshan District Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
| | - Hao Tang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology No. 1088 Xueyuan Rd, Nanshan District Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
| | - Kai Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology No. 1088 Xueyuan Rd, Nanshan District Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology No. 1088 Xueyuan Rd, Nanshan District Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 P. R. China
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2
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Grau-Carbonell A, Hagemans F, Bransen M, Elbers NA, van Dijk-Moes RJA, Sadighikia S, Welling TAJ, van Blaaderen A, van Huis MA. In situ single particle characterization of the themoresponsive and co-nonsolvent behavior of PNIPAM microgels and silica@PNIPAM core-shell colloids. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 635:552-561. [PMID: 36608391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels and PNIPAM colloidal shells attract continuous strong interest due to their thermoresponsive behavior, as their size and properties can be tuned by temperature. The direct single particle observation and characterization of pure, unlabeled PNIPAM microgels in their native aqueous environment relies on imaging techniques that operate either at interfaces or in cryogenic conditions, thus limiting the observation of their dynamic nature. Liquid Cell (Scanning) Transmission Electron Microscopy (LC-(S) TEM) imaging allows the characterization of materials and dynamic processes such as nanoparticle growth, etching, and diffusion, at nanometric resolution in liquids. Here we show that via a facile post-synthetic in situ polymer labelling step with high-contrast marker core-shell Au@SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) it is possible to determine the full volume of PNIPAM microgels in water. The labelling allowed for the successful characterization of the thermoresponsive behavior of PNIPAM microgels and core shell silica@PNIPAM hybrid microgels, as well as the co-nonsolvency of PNIPAM in aqueous alcoholic solutions. The interplay between electron beam irradiation and PNIPAM systems in water resulted in irreversible shrinkage due to beam induced water radiolysis products, which in turn also affected the thermoresponsive behavior of PNIPAM. The addition of 2-propanol as radical scavenger improved PNIPAM stability in water under electron beam irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Grau-Carbonell
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht 3584 CC, the Netherlands.
| | - Fabian Hagemans
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht 3584 CC, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Bransen
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht 3584 CC, the Netherlands
| | - Nina A Elbers
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht 3584 CC, the Netherlands
| | - Relinde J A van Dijk-Moes
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht 3584 CC, the Netherlands
| | - Sina Sadighikia
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht 3584 CC, the Netherlands
| | - Tom A J Welling
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht 3584 CC, the Netherlands
| | - Alfons van Blaaderen
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht 3584 CC, the Netherlands.
| | - Marijn A van Huis
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht 3584 CC, the Netherlands.
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3
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Stuckert R, Krumova M, Wittemann A. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy for observation of monomer protrusions that emerge during formation of dumbbell-shaped polymer colloids. Colloid Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-022-05000-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAnisotropic particles exhibit directional interactions resulting in a rich phase behavior. Considerable efforts have thus been invested in guiding particle synthesis into an anisotropic direction. Dumbbell-shaped polymer particles are one of the most remarkable examples. They result from phase separation during seeded polymerization. The underlying mechanism and thermodynamic principles are understood from its proximal end. Segregation of monomer and seed particle results in a monomer protrusion attached to the seed. Polymerization of the protrusion finally yields particles with two bulb-shaped halves. Little attention has been paid to an investigation of transient states, namely the formation of liquid protrusions grown from monomer-swollen seeds. This study demonstrates that cryogenic transmission electron microscopy is an excellent tool for mapping transient states within colloidal objects. Swelling of polymer particles and formation of liquid protrusions mediated by a surface coating on the seeds is explored for styrene and methyl-methacrylate at different temperatures and monomer-to-seed volume ratios.
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Nishizawa
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Kenshiro Honda
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Daisuke Suzuki
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
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5
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Azim S, Bultema LA, de Kock MB, Osorio-Blanco ER, Calderón M, Gonschior J, Leimkohl JP, Tellkamp F, Bücker R, Schulz EC, Keskin S, de Jonge N, Kassier GH, Miller RJD. Environmental Liquid Cell Technique for Improved Electron Microscopic Imaging of Soft Matter in Solution. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2021; 27:44-53. [PMID: 33280632 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927620024654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy is a technique for simultaneous imaging of the structure and dynamics of specimens in a liquid environment. The conventional sample geometry consists of a liquid layer tightly sandwiched between two Si3N4 windows with a nominal spacing on the order of 0.5 μm. We describe a variation of the conventional approach, wherein the Si3N4 windows are separated by a 10-μm-thick spacer, thus providing room for gas flow inside the liquid specimen enclosure. Adjusting the pressure and flow speed of humid air inside this environmental liquid cell (ELC) creates a stable liquid layer of controllable thickness on the bottom window, thus facilitating high-resolution observations of low mass-thickness contrast objects at low electron doses. We demonstrate controllable liquid thicknesses in the range 160 ± 34 to 340 ± 71 nm resulting in corresponding edge resolutions of 0.8 ± 0.06 to 1.7 ± 0.8 nm as measured for immersed gold nanoparticles. Liquid layer thickness 40 ± 8 nm allowed imaging of low-contrast polystyrene particles. Hydration effects in the ELC have been studied using poly-N-isopropylacrylamide nanogels with a silica core. Therefore, ELC can be a suitable tool for in situ investigations of liquid specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Azim
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, Geb. 99 (CFEL), 22761Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lindsey A Bultema
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, Geb. 99 (CFEL), 22761Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michiel B de Kock
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, Geb. 99 (CFEL), 22761Hamburg, Germany
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Notkestraße 85, 22607Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Marcelo Calderón
- POLYMAT & Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013Bilbao, Spain
| | - Josef Gonschior
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, Geb. 99 (CFEL), 22761Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Philipp Leimkohl
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, Geb. 99 (CFEL), 22761Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedjof Tellkamp
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, Geb. 99 (CFEL), 22761Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Bücker
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, Geb. 99 (CFEL), 22761Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eike C Schulz
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, Geb. 99 (CFEL), 22761Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sercan Keskin
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Niels de Jonge
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Physics, Saarland University, Campus D2 2, 66123Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Günther H Kassier
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, Geb. 99 (CFEL), 22761Hamburg, Germany
| | - R J Dwayne Miller
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, Geb. 99 (CFEL), 22761Hamburg, Germany
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 St. Georg Street, Toronto, ONM5S 3H6, Canada
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6
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Wrede O, Bergmann S, Hannappel Y, Hellweg T, Huser T. Smart microgels investigated by super-resolution fluorescence microscopy: influence of the monomer structure on the particle morphology. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:8078-8084. [PMID: 32789349 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00597e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In a recent publication [Bergmann et al. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2018, 20, 5074-5083] we presented a method which enables to investigate the morphology of microgels by superresolution fluorescence microscopy. Here, this method is applied to three microgel species, based on N-isopropylmethacrylamide (NIPMAM), N-n-propylacrylamide (NNPAM) and N-n-propylmethacrylamide (NNPMAM)) with 5, 7.5 and 10 mol% cross-linker, respectively. Super-resolution microscopy reveals differences of the network morphology of the synthesized particles showing the importance of the monomer structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Wrede
- Biomolecular Photonics, Department of Physics, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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7
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Rossner C, Letofsky-Papst I, Fery A, Lederer A, Kothleitner G. Thermoreversible Surface Polymer Patches: A Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy Investigation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:8622-8628. [PMID: 29958497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid core-shell type nanoparticles from gold nanoparticle cores and poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) shells were investigated with regard to their structural plasticity. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization was used to synthesize well-defined polymers that can be readily anchored onto the gold nanoparticle surface. The polymer shell morphologies were directly visualized in their native solution state at high resolution by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, and the microscopic results were further corroborated by dynamic light scattering. Different environmental conditions and brush architectures are covered by our experiments, which leads to distinct thermally induced responses. These responses include constrained dewetting of the nanoparticle surface at temperatures above the lower critical solution temperature of poly( N-isopropylacrylamide), leading to surface polymer patches. This effect provides a novel approach toward breaking the symmetry of nanoparticle interactions, and we show first evidence for its impact on the formation of colloidal superstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andreas Fery
- Cluster of Excellence Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) , Technische Universität Dresden , D-01062 Dresden , Germany
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8
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Au@p4VP core@shell pH-sensitive nanocomposites suitable for drug entrapment. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 514:704-714. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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9
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Hu Y, Pérez-Mercader J. Controlled Synthesis of Uniform, Micrometer-Sized Ruthenium-Functionalized Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) Gel Particles and their Application to the Catalysis of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky Reaction. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuandu Hu
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge MA 02142 USA
| | - Juan Pérez-Mercader
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge MA 02142 USA
- Santa Fe Institute; Santa Fe NM 87501 USA
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10
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Conley GM, Nöjd S, Braibanti M, Schurtenberger P, Scheffold F. Superresolution microscopy of the volume phase transition of pNIPAM microgels. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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11
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Horigome K, Ueki T, Suzuki D. Direct visualization of swollen microgels by scanning electron microscopy using ionic liquids. Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2015.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Crassous JJ, Mihut AM, Månsson LK, Schurtenberger P. Anisotropic responsive microgels with tuneable shape and interactions. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:15971-15982. [PMID: 26367504 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr03827h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Highly monodisperse polystyrene/poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) (PS-PNIPMAM) core-shell composite microgels were synthesized and further nanoengineered in either ellipsoidal, faceted or bowl-shaped particles. Beside their anisotropy in shape, the microgel design enables an exquisite control of the particle conformation, size and interactions from swollen and hydrophilic to collapsed and hydrophobic using temperature as an external control variable. The post-processing procedures and the characterization of the different particles are first presented. Their potential as model systems for the investigation of the effects of anisotropic shape and interactions on the phase behavior is further demonstrated. Finally, the self-assembly of bowl-shaped composite microgel particles is discussed, where the temperature and an external AC electric field are employed to control the interactions from repulsive to attractive and from soft repulsive to dipolar, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme J Crassous
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
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13
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Suzuki D, Shibata K, Tsuchida A, Okubo T. Thermo-sensitive colloidal crystals composed of monodisperse colloidal silica- and poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) gel spheres. Colloid Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-015-3661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Contreras-Cáceres R, Schellkopf L, Fernández-López C, Pastoriza-Santos I, Pérez-Juste J, Stamm M. Effect of the cross-linking density on the thermoresponsive behavior of hollow PNIPAM microgels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:1142-1149. [PMID: 25526382 DOI: 10.1021/la504176a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the fabrication of thermally responsive hollow pNIPAM particles through the oxidation of the metal core in an Au@pNIPAM system. The selective oxidation of the Au core is achieved by addition of AuCl4(-) to an aqueous dispersion of Au@pNIPAM particles in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). We fabricate hollow pNIPAM particles with three cross-linking densities (N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide), BA, at 5%, 10%, and 17.5%). The study of the effect of the amount of BA within the microgel network was performed by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), showing its key role in determining the final hollow structure and thermal response. While the thermal responsiveness is largely achieved at low cross-linking densities, the hollow structure only remains at larger cross-linking densities. This was further confirmed by cryo-TEM analysis of hollow pNIPAM particles below and above the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT). Thus, it clearly shows (i) the shrinking of particle size with the temperature at low cross-linking density and (ii) the dependence of particle size on the amount of cross-linker for the final hollow pNIPAM structure. Observed differences in the hollow pNIPAM structure are attributed to different elastic contributions (Π(elas)), showing higher elasticity for microgels synthesized at lower amount of BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Contreras-Cáceres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga , 29071 Málaga, Spain
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15
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Crassous JJ, Mihut AM, Dietsch H, Pravaz O, Ackermann-Hirschi L, Hirt AM, Schurtenberger P. Advanced multiresponsive comploids: from design to possible applications. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:8726-8735. [PMID: 24949912 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01243g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We extend the commonly used synthesis strategies for responsive microgels to the design of novel multiresponsive and multifunctional nanoparticles that combine inorganic magnetic, metallic/catalytic and thermoresponsive organic moieties. Magnetic responsiveness is implemented through the integration of silica-coated maghemite nanoparticles into fluorescently labeled crosslinked poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) microgels. These particles are then employed as templates for the in situ reduction of catalytically active gold nanoparticles. In order to tune the reactivity of the catalyst through a thermally controlled barrier, an additional layer of crosslinked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) is added in the final step. We subsequently demonstrate that these particles can be employed as smart catalysts. We show that the thermoresponsive nature of the outer particle shell not only provides control over the catalytic activity, but when combined with a magnetic core allows for very efficient removal of the catalytic system through temperature-controlled reversible coagulation and subsequent magnetophoresis in an applied magnetic field gradient. We finally discuss the use of this design principle for the synthesis of complex hybrid particles for various applications that would all profit from their multiresponsive and multifunctional nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme J Crassous
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
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16
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Chu F, Polzer F, Severin N, Lu Y, Ott A, Rabe JP, Ballauff M. Thermosensitive hollow Janus dumbbells. Colloid Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Yunker PJ, Chen K, Gratale MD, Lohr MA, Still T, Yodh AG. Physics in ordered and disordered colloidal matter composed of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgel particles. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2014; 77:056601. [PMID: 24801604 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/77/5/056601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This review collects and describes experiments that employ colloidal suspensions to probe physics in ordered and disordered solids and related complex fluids. The unifying feature of this body of work is its clever usage of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgel particles. These temperature-sensitive colloidal particles provide experimenters with a 'knob' for in situ control of particle size, particle interaction and particle packing fraction that, in turn, influence the structural and dynamical behavior of the complex fluids and solids. A brief summary of PNIPAM particle synthesis and properties is given, followed by a synopsis of current activity in the field. The latter discussion describes a variety of soft matter investigations including those that explore formation and melting of crystals and clusters, and those that probe structure, rearrangement and rheology of disordered (jammed/glassy) and partially ordered matter. The review, therefore, provides a snapshot of a broad range of physics phenomenology which benefits from the unique properties of responsive microgel particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Yunker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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18
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Cationic gel crystals and amorphous solids of lightly cross-linked poly(2-vinylpyridine) spheres in the deionized aqueous suspension. Colloid Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3228-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Patterson JP, Robin MP, Chassenieux C, Colombani O, O'Reilly RK. The analysis of solution self-assembled polymeric nanomaterials. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:2412-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60454c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This tutorial review provides a guide for the characterisation and analysis of soft nanomaterials based on polymeric self-assemblies using scattering and microscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christophe Chassenieux
- LUNAM Université
- Université du Maine
- IMMM UMR CNRS 6283
- PCI Department
- 72085 Le Mans Cedex 09, France
| | - Olivier Colombani
- LUNAM Université
- Université du Maine
- IMMM UMR CNRS 6283
- PCI Department
- 72085 Le Mans Cedex 09, France
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20
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Rochette CN, Crassous JJ, Drechsler M, Gaboriaud F, Eloy M, de Gaudemaris B, Duval JFL. Shell structure of natural rubber particles: evidence of chemical stratification by electrokinetics and cryo-TEM. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:14655-14665. [PMID: 24152085 DOI: 10.1021/la4036858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The interfacial structure of natural rubber (NR) colloids is investigated by means of cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and electrokinetics over a broad range of KNO3 electrolyte concentrations (4-300 mM) and pH values (1-8). The asymptotic plateau value reached by NR electrophoretic mobility (μ) in the thin double layer limit supports the presence of a soft (ion- and water-permeable) polyelectrolytic type of layer located at the periphery of the NR particles. This property is confirmed by the analysis of the electron density profile obtained from cryo-TEM that evidences a ∼2-4 nm thick corona surrounding the NR polyisoprene core. The dependence of μ on pH and salt concentration is further marked by a dramatic decrease of the point of zero electrophoretic mobility (PZM) from 3.6 to 0.8 with increasing electrolyte concentration in the range 4-300 mM. Using a recent theory for electrohydrodynamics of soft multilayered particles, this "anomalous" dependence of the PZM on electrolyte concentration is shown to be consistent with a radial organization of anionic and cationic groups across the peripheral NR structure. The NR electrokinetic response in the pH range 1-8 is indeed found to be equivalent to that of particles surrounded by a positively charged ∼3.5 nm thick layer (mean dissociation pK ∼ 4.2) supporting a thin and negatively charged outermost layer (0.6 nm in thickness, pK ∼ 0.7). Altogether, the strong dependence of the PZM on electrolyte concentration suggests that the electrostatic properties of the outer peripheral region of the NR shell are mediated by lipidic residues protruding from a shell containing a significant amount of protein-like charges. This proposed NR shell interfacial structure questions previously reported NR representations according to which the shell consists of either a fully mixed lipid-protein layer, or a layer of phospholipids residing exclusively beneath an outer proteic film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe N Rochette
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université de Lorraine , UMR 7360, 15 avenue du Charmois, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54501, France
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21
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Patterson JP, Kelley EG, Murphy RP, Moughton AO, Robin M, Lu A, Colombani O, Chassenieux C, Cheung D, Sullivan MO, Epps TH, O’Reilly RK. Structural characterization of amphiphilic homopolymer micelles using light scattering, SANS, and cryo-TEM. Macromolecules 2013; 46:6319-6325. [PMID: 24058209 PMCID: PMC3777398 DOI: 10.1021/ma4007544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the aqueous solution self-assembly of a series of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) polymers end-functionalized with a hydrophobic sulfur-carbon-sulfur (SCS) pincer ligand. Although the hydrophobic ligand accounted for <5 wt% of the overall homopolymer mass, the polymers self-assembled into well-defined spherical micelles in aqueous solution, and these micelles are potential precursors to solution-assembled nanoreactors for small molecule catalysis applications. The micelle structural details were investigated using light scattering, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), and small angle neutron scattering (SANS). Radial density profiles extracted from the cryo-TEM micrographs suggested that the PNIPAM chains formed a diffuse corona with a radially decreasing corona density profile and provided valuable a priori information about the micelle structure for SANS data modeling. SANS analysis indicated a similar profile in which the corona surrounded a small hydrophobic core containing the pincer ligand. The similarity between the SANS and cryo-TEM results demonstrated that detailed information about the micelle density profile can be obtained directly from cryo-TEM and highlighted the complementary use of scattering and cryo-TEM in the structural characterization of solution-assemblies, such as the SCS pincer-functionalized homopolymers described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P. Patterson
- University of Warwick, Department of Chemistry, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth G. Kelley
- University of Warwick, Department of Chemistry, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan P. Murphy
- University of Delaware, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Adam O. Moughton
- University of Warwick, Department of Chemistry, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew Robin
- University of Warwick, Department of Chemistry, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Annhelen Lu
- University of Warwick, Department of Chemistry, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Olivier Colombani
- LUNAM Université, Université du Maine, IMMM UMR CNRS 6283, Département PCI, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 09, France
| | - Christophe Chassenieux
- LUNAM Université, Université du Maine, IMMM UMR CNRS 6283, Département PCI, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 09, France
| | - David Cheung
- University of Warwick, Department of Chemistry, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Millicent O. Sullivan
- University of Delaware, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Thomas H. Epps
- University of Delaware, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Rachel K. O’Reilly
- University of Warwick, Department of Chemistry, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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22
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Rigidity of the crystals of thermo-sensitive gel spheres of poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide) in the deionized aqueous media as studied by the reflection spectroscopy in the sedimentation equilibrium. Colloid Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-013-2907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Cationic gel crystals of lightly cross-linked poly(2-vinylpyridine) spheres (170∼180 nm in diameter) in the deionized aqueous suspension. Colloid Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-013-3000-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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24
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25
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Okubo T, Fujii S, Aono K, Nakamura Y, Tsuchida A. Colloidal crystallization of cationic gel spheres of lightly cross-linked poly(2-vinylpyridine) in the deionized aqueous suspension. Colloid Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-012-2850-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Crystal structure of thermosensitive gel spheres of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in the deionized aqueous suspension as studied by the static light-scattering measurements. Colloid Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-012-2770-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Huang S, Guo X, Li L, Dong Y. Volume Transition and Adhesion Force of Nanosized Bifunctional Spherical Polyelectrolyte Brushes Observed by Dynamic Light Scattering and Atomic Force Microscopy. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:10079-88. [DOI: 10.1021/jp302993t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shibin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237,
PR China
| | - Xuhong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237,
PR China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237,
PR China
| | - Yaming Dong
- Life and Environment
Science College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, PR China
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28
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Polzer F, Holub-Krappe E, Rossner H, Erko A, Kirmse H, Plamper F, Schmalz A, Müller AHE, Ballauff M. Structural analysis of colloidal MnO x composites. Colloid Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-012-2725-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Matthias Ballauff at 60 – A personal tribute. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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30
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Hellweg T, Müller AHE. Preface — An energetic life between soft matter and hard X-rays. Z PHYS CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2012.9009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Axel H. E. Müller
- Universität Bayreuth, Macromolecular Chemistry II, Bayreuth, Deutschland
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31
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Okubo T, Suzuki D, Shibata K, Tsuchida A. Kinetic studies of colloidal crystallization of thermo-sensitive gel spheres of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). Colloid Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-012-2666-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Polzer F, Wunder S, Lu Y, Ballauff M. Oxidation of an organic dye catalyzed by MnOx nanoparticles. J Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2012.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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33
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Suzuki D, Yamagata T, Horigome K, Shibata K, Tsuchida A, Okubo T. Colloidal crystallization of thermo-sensitive gel spheres of poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide). Influence of gel size. Colloid Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-011-2534-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Kuntsche J, Horst JC, Bunjes H. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) for studying the morphology of colloidal drug delivery systems. Int J Pharm 2011; 417:120-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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35
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Colloidal crystallization of thermo-sensitive gel spheres of poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide). Influence of degree of cross-linking of the gels. Colloid Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-011-2499-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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36
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Okubo T, Suzuki D, Yamagata T, Horigome K, Shibata K, Tsuchida A. Colloidal crystallization of thermosensitive gel spheres of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) with low degree of cross-linking. Colloid Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-011-2459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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37
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Lu Y, Ballauff M. Thermosensitive core–shell microgels: From colloidal model systems to nanoreactors. Prog Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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38
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Polzer F, Heigl J, Schneider C, Ballauff M, Borisov OV. Synthesis and Analysis of Zwitterionic Spherical Polyelectrolyte Brushes in Aqueous Solution. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102927c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Polzer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Heigl
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Schneider
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Ballauff
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oleg V. Borisov
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur l'Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR 5254 CNRS/UPPA, Pau, France
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia
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39
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Colloidal crystallization of thermo-sensitive gel spheres of poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide). Colloid Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-010-2358-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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Preparation and characterization of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)/polyvinylamine core-shell microgels. Colloid Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-009-2095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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