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Martins FCOL, Pimenta LC, De Souza D. Antidepressants determination using an electroanalytical approach: A review of methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 206:114365. [PMID: 34555633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Antidepressants are the pharmaceutical compounds used in the treatment of depression, anxiety disorders and all related disturbances promoted by genetic factors, environmental problems or modern lifestyles. Nonetheless, the inadequate ingestion of antidepressants provokes adverse effects in the human body and can contaminate the environment. For this reason, it is necessary to identify and quantify these compounds in biological fluids, natural water, wastewater, and pharmaceutical formulations. Consequently, this review presents the main electroanalytical techniques used in the analysis of antidepressants, indicating the advantages, which include low cost, suitable analytical parameters, simplified sample preparation steps, easy operation and reduced time for completion of the analysis. Reports in specialized literature, published from 2000 to 2020, are presented and some are discussed, demonstrating that the electroanalytical techniques can be employed, with success, in the determination of antidepressants, indicating alternative methodologies to improve analytical parameters and minimize the use and generation of toxic residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda C O L Martins
- Green Analytical Chemistry Group (GEQAV), College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz", São Paulo University, PO Box 9, Piracicaba, SP 13418-970, Brazil
| | - Laura C Pimenta
- Laboratory of Electroanalytical Applied to Biotechnology and Food Engineering (LEABE), Chemistry Institute, Uberlândia Federal University, Major Jerônimo street, 566, Patos de Minas, MG 38700-002, Brazil
| | - Djenaine De Souza
- Laboratory of Electroanalytical Applied to Biotechnology and Food Engineering (LEABE), Chemistry Institute, Uberlândia Federal University, Major Jerônimo street, 566, Patos de Minas, MG 38700-002, Brazil.
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Electrochemical sensor for tricyclic antidepressants with low nanomolar detection limit: Quantitative Determination of Amitriptyline and Nortriptyline in blood. Talanta 2021; 239:123072. [PMID: 34864535 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Amitriptyline and its metabolite, Nortriptyline are commonly used tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) drugs that are electrochemically active. In this work, the performance characteristics of a plasticized PVC membrane-coated glassy carbon (GC) electrode are described for the voltammetric quantification of Amitriptyline and Nortriptyline in whole blood. The highly lipophilic Amitriptyline and Nortriptyline preferentially partition into the plasticized PVC membrane where the free drug is oxidized on the GC electrode. The concentrations of the drugs in the membrane are orders of magnitude larger than in the sample solution, resulting in superb limit of detection (LOD) of the membrane-coated voltammetric sensor: 3 nmol/L for Amitriptyline and 20 nmol/L for Nortriptyline. Conversely, hydrophilic components of the sample solution, e.g., proteins, the protein-bound fraction of the drugs, and electrochemically active small molecules are blocked from entering the membrane, which provides exceptional selectivity for the membrane-coated sensor and feasibility for the measurements of Amitriptyline in whole blood. In this work, the concentrations of Amitriptyline and Nortriptyline were determined in whole blood using the sensor and the results of our analysis were compared to the results of the standard HPLC-MS method. Based on our experience, the one-step voltammetric methods with the membrane-coated sensor may become a real alternative to the significantly more complex HPLC-MS analysis.
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Majid Arvand, Akram Pourhabib. Surfactant-Assisted Voltammetric Determination of Olanzapine at Amine Functionalized TiO2/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposite. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934819110030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Habibi-Kool-Gheshlaghi M, Faridbod F, Mosammam MK, Ganjali MR. Electroanalysis of Tricyclic Psychotropic Drugs using Modified Electrodes. CURR ANAL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411014666180917112548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Tricyclic psychotropic drugs are defined as a tricyclic rings of the dibenzazepine
group with the presence of sulfur and nitrogen atoms. They have been prescribed for antidepressive
therapy over the years. Due to their medical importance, many analytical methods have
been developed for their monitoring. However, benefits of electrochemical techniques such as costeffectiveness,
fast, easy operation and non-destructiveness make them appropriate analytical methods
for drug assays. Electrochemical determinations of pharmaceuticals require suitable working electrodes.
During years, many electrodes are modified by a variety of modifiers and several sensors
were developed based on them. In this regard, nanomaterials, due to their remarkable properties, are
one of the most important choices.
Objective:
Here, the application of electroanalytical methods in the determination of electroactive tricyclic
psychotropic drugs will be reviewed and the nanomaterials which are used for improvements
of the working electrodes will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Habibi-Kool-Gheshlaghi
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnoush Faridbod
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahya Karami Mosammam
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ganjali
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Brahman PK, Pandey N, Kumar JS, Somarouthu P, Tiwari S, Pitre KS. Highly sensitive stripping voltammetric determination of a biomolecule, pyruvic acid in solubilized system and biological fluids. ARAB J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Jain R, Tiwari D, Pandey P. Electrocatalytic quantifaction of antitubarcular drug ethionamide in sodium lauryl sulfate. J Mol Liq 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2014.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Henrique Duarte E, dos Santos WP, Fantinato Hudari F, Bott Neto JL, Romão Sartori E, Dall׳Antonia LH, César Pereira A, Teixeira Tarley CR. A highly improved method for sensitive determination of amitriptyline in pharmaceutical formulations using an unmodified carbon nanotube electrode in the presence of sulfuric acid. Talanta 2014; 127:26-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Jain R, Tiwari DC, Shrivastava S. A sensitive voltammetric sensor based on synergistic effect of graphene-polyaniline hybrid film for quantification of calcium antagonist lercanidipine. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Jain
- School of Studies in Chemistry; Jiwaji University; Gwalior Madhya Pradesh 474011 India
| | - Dinesh Chandra Tiwari
- School of Studies in Physics; Jiwaji University; Gwalior Madhya Pradesh 474011 India
| | - Swati Shrivastava
- School of Studies in Chemistry; Jiwaji University; Gwalior Madhya Pradesh 474011 India
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Jain R, Dhanjai, Sharma S. Bismuth (III) oxide/glassy carbon sensor for sensing of antidepressant drug escitalopram in micellar media. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ziyatdinova GK, Ziganshina ER, Budnikov HC. Application of surfactants in voltammetric analysis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193481211010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Arvand M, Shiraz MG. Voltammetric Determination of Clozapine in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Biological Fluids Using an In Situ Surfactant-Modified Carbon Ionic Liquid Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Jain R, Sharma S. Glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes sensor for the quantification of antihistamine drug pheniramine in solubilized systems. J Pharm Anal 2011; 2:56-61. [PMID: 29403721 PMCID: PMC5760822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2011.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A sensitive electroanalytical method for quantification of pheniramine in pharmaceutical formulation has been investigated on the basis of the enhanced electrochemical response at glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate. The experimental results suggest that the pheniramine in anionic surfactant solution exhibits electrocatalytic effect resulting in a marked enhancement of the peak current response. Peak current response is linearly dependent on the concentration of pheniramine in the range 200–1500 μg/mL with correlation coefficient 0.9987. The limit of detection is 58.31 μg/mL. The modified electrode shows good sensitivity and repeatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Jain
- School of Studies in Chemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474011, India
| | - Sanjay Sharma
- School of Studies in Chemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474011, India
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Jain R, Vikas. Voltammetric behaviour of antimalarial drug artesunate in solubilized systems. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 88:729-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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4-Aminobenzoic acid covalently modified glassy carbon electrode for sensing paracetamol at different temperatures. J Solid State Electrochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-011-1529-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Yardım Y, Levent A, Keskin E, Şentürk Z. Voltammetric behavior of benzo[a]pyrene at boron-doped diamond electrode: A study of its determination by adsorptive transfer stripping voltammetry based on the enhancement effect of anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylsulfate. Talanta 2011; 85:441-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Electrochemical determination of antihypertensive drug irbesartan in pharmaceuticals. Anal Biochem 2011; 410:266-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Stripping voltammetry of tinidazole in solubilized system and biological fluids. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Jain R, Vikas, Radhapyari K. Voltammetric quantification of tamoxifen. Drug Test Anal 2011; 3:743-7. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jain R, Vikas, Rather JA. Voltammetric behaviour of drotaverine hydrochloride in surfactant media and its enhancement determination in Tween-20. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 82:333-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Voltammetric techniques for the assay of pharmaceuticals—A review. Anal Biochem 2011; 408:179-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Voltammetric determination of cefixime in pharmaceuticals and biological fluids. Anal Biochem 2010; 407:79-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Jain R, Yadav RK. Voltammetric assay of anti-anginal drug nicorandil in different solvents. Drug Test Anal 2010; 3:171-5. [PMID: 21121009 DOI: 10.1002/dta.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Voltammetric behaviour and assay of nicorandil were investigated using square-wave and cyclic voltammetry. Voltammograms in Britton-Robinson (BR) buffer exhibited one well-defined and two merged reduction peaks. The influence of different buffers, electrolytes, pH, scan rates, and concentration of the drug on cathodic peak current was studied. On the basis of electrochemical behaviour of nicorandil, a direct square-wave voltammetric procedure for quantitation of nicorandil has been developed and validated. The proposed square-wave voltammetric method allows quantitation over the range 12.5-62.5 µg mL(-1) with correlation coefficient of 0.992. The limit of quantification and limit of detection were 21.95 µg mL(-1) and 6.58 µg mL(-1) , respectively. Precision and accuracy were also checked and found within limits. The developed square-wave method has also been successfully applied for the determination of nicorandil in pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Jain
- School of Studies in Chemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India.
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Jain R, Yadav RK, Rather JA. Voltammetric assay of anti-vertigo drug betahistine hydrochloride in sodium lauryl sulphate. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Liu W, Guo R. The Photostabilization of Hemoglobin in Triton X-100 Aqueous Solution and Triton X-100/n-C5H11OH/H2O Microemulsion. Photochem Photobiol 2010; 86:835-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2010.00752.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetric behaviour of entacapone at HMDE and its determination in the presence of surfactants. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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