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Synthesis of Poly(methyl methacrylate-co-butyl acrylate)/Perfluorosilyl Methacrylate Core-Shell Nanoparticles: Novel Approach for Optimization of Coating Process. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10111186. [PMID: 30961111 PMCID: PMC6290622 DOI: 10.3390/polym10111186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the coating order of two monomers in the shell polymerization process of core-shell nanoparticles was altered to facilitate easy coating and optimize the properties of the coated surface to simplify the additional coating formulation process. To obtain a glass transition temperature suitable for coating, a core was synthesized by the copolymerization of an acryl monomer. A perfluoro monomer and silane monomer were additionally added to synthesize nanoparticles exhibiting both water⁻oil repellency and anchoring properties. In order to realize various surface properties, the nanoparticles underwent surface modification and cellulose fiber was introduced. Through the various data described in this text, the surface properties improved with the order of the introduction of the two monomers.
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Machotova J, Stranska E, Skornok J, Zarybnicka L, Melanova K, Rychly J, Ruckerova A. Fluorine containing self-crosslinking acrylic latexes with reduced flammability and their application as polymer binders for heterogeneous cation-exchange membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Machotova
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | | | - Jiri Skornok
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Zarybnicka
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Klara Melanova
- Joint Laboratory of Solid State Chemistry of the Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of AS CR and University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Rychly
- Ministry of Interior of the Slovak Republic, Fire Research Institute; 83104 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Adela Ruckerova
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
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Ziegert F, Koof M, Wagner J. A new class of copolymer colloids with tunable, low refractive index for investigations of structure and dynamics in concentrated suspensions. Colloid Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-017-4137-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Lehmkühler F, Kwaśniewski P, Roseker W, Fischer B, Schroer MA, Tono K, Katayama T, Sprung M, Sikorski M, Song S, Glownia J, Chollet M, Nelson S, Robert A, Gutt C, Yabashi M, Ishikawa T, Grübel G. Sequential Single Shot X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy at the SACLA Free Electron Laser. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17193. [PMID: 26610328 PMCID: PMC4661692 DOI: 10.1038/srep17193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hard X-ray free electron lasers allow for the first time to access dynamics of condensed matter samples ranging from femtoseconds to several hundred seconds. In particular, the exceptional large transverse coherence of the X-ray pulses and the high time-averaged flux promises to reach time and length scales that have not been accessible up to now with storage ring based sources. However, due to the fluctuations originating from the stochastic nature of the self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) process the application of well established techniques such as X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) is challenging. Here we demonstrate a single-shot based sequential XPCS study on a colloidal suspension with a relaxation time comparable to the SACLA free-electron laser pulse repetition rate. High quality correlation functions could be extracted without any indications for sample damage. This opens the way for systematic sequential XPCS experiments at FEL sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.,The Hamburg Centre of Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paweł Kwaśniewski
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wojciech Roseker
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Fischer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.,The Hamburg Centre of Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin A Schroer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.,The Hamburg Centre of Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kensuke Tono
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kuoto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Katayama
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kuoto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcin Sikorski
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Sanghoon Song
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - James Glownia
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Matthieu Chollet
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Silke Nelson
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Aymeric Robert
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Christian Gutt
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Walter-Flex-Str. 3, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - Makina Yabashi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kuoto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ishikawa
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kuoto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.,The Hamburg Centre of Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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5
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Cai L, Li Z. Synthesis and surface properties of novel fluoroalkylsilyl methacrylate copolymers. J Fluor Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Schroer MA, Gutt C, Lehmkühler F, Fischer B, Steinke I, Westermeier F, Sprung M, Grübel G. Nano-beam X-ray microscopy of dried colloidal films. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:5465-72. [PMID: 26061482 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00609k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report on a nano-beam small angle X-ray scattering study on densely-packed, dried binary films made out of spherical silica particles with radii of 11.2 and 19.3 nm. For these three-dimensional thin films prepared by drop casting, only a finite number of colloidal particles contributes to the scattering signal due to the small beam size of 400 × 400 nm(2). By scanning the samples, the structure and composition of the silica particle films are determined spatially resolved revealing spatial heterogeneities in the films. Three different types of domains were identified: regions containing mainly large particles, regions containing mainly small particles, and regions where both particle species are mixed. Using the new angular X-ray cross-correlations analysis (XCCA) approach, spatial maps of the local type and degree of orientational order within the silica particle films are obtained. Whereas the mixed regions have dominant two-fold order, weaker four-fold and marginal six-fold order, regions made out of large particles are characterized by an overall reduced orientational order. Regions of small particles are highly ordered showing actually crystalline order. Distinct differences in the local particle order are observed by analyzing sections through the intensity and XCCA maps. The different degree of order can be understood by the different particle size polydispersities. Moreover, we show that preferential orientations of the particle domains can be studied by cross-correlation analysis yielding information on particle film formation. We find patches of preferential order with an average size of 8-10 μm. Thus, by this combined X-ray cross-correlation microscopy (XCCM) approach the structure and orientational order of films made out of nanometer sized colloids can be determined. This method will allow to reveal the local structure and order of self-assembled structures with different degree of order in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Schroer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
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Conrad H, Lehmkühler F, Fischer B, Westermeier F, Schroer MA, Chushkin Y, Gutt C, Sprung M, Grübel G. Correlated heterogeneous dynamics in glass-forming polymers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 91:042309. [PMID: 25974493 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.042309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy experiments on the dynamics of the glass-former polypropylene glycol covering a temperature range from room temperature to the glass transition at T(g)=205 K using silica tracer particles. Three temperature regimes are identified: At high temperatures, Brownian motion of the tracer particles is observed. Near T(g), the dynamics is hyperdiffusive and ballistic. Around 1.12T(g), we observe an intermediate regime. Here the stretching exponent of the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts function becomes q dependent. By analyzing higher-order correlations in the scattering data, we find that dynamical heterogeneities dramatically increase in this intermediate-temperature regime. This leads to two effects: increasing heterogeneous dynamics and correlated motion at temperatures close to and below 1.12T(g).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Conrad
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Fischer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Westermeier
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M A Schroer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Y Chushkin
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Avenue des Martyrs 71, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - C Gutt
- University of Siegen, Walter-Flex Straße 3, 57072 Siegen, Germany
| | - M Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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Palberg T. Crystallization kinetics of colloidal model suspensions: recent achievements and new perspectives. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:333101. [PMID: 25035303 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/33/333101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal model systems allow studying crystallization kinetics under fairly ideal conditions, with rather well-characterized pair interactions and minimized external influences. In complementary approaches experiment, analytic theory and simulation have been employed to study colloidal solidification in great detail. These studies were based on advanced optical methods, careful system characterization and sophisticated numerical methods. Over the last decade, both the effects of the type, strength and range of the pair-interaction between the colloidal particles and those of the colloid-specific polydispersity have been addressed in a quantitative way. Key parameters of crystallization have been derived and compared to those of metal systems. These systematic investigations significantly contributed to an enhanced understanding of the crystallization processes in general. Further, new fundamental questions have arisen and (partially) been solved over the last decade: including, for example, a two-step nucleation mechanism in homogeneous nucleation, choice of the crystallization pathway, or the subtle interplay of boundary conditions in heterogeneous nucleation. On the other hand, via the application of both gradients and external fields the competition between different nucleation and growth modes can be controlled and the resulting microstructure be influenced. The present review attempts to cover the interesting developments that have occurred since the turn of the millennium and to identify important novel trends, with particular focus on experimental aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Palberg
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
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Single shot coherence properties of the free-electron laser SACLA in the hard X-ray regime. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5234. [PMID: 24913261 PMCID: PMC4050387 DOI: 10.1038/srep05234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We measured the coherence properties of the free-electron laser SACLA on a single shot basis at an X-ray energy of 8 keV. By analysing small-angle X-ray scattering speckle patterns from colloidal dispersions we found a degree of transverse coherence of βt = 0.79 ± 0.09. Taking detector properties into account, we developed a simulation model in oder to determine the degree of coherence from intensity histograms. Finally we calculated a coherence time of τc = 0.1 fs and a pulse duration of 5.2 fs which corresponds with previous predictions.
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Sauerbeck C, Haderlein M, Schürer B, Braunschweig B, Peukert W, Klupp Taylor RN. Shedding light on the growth of gold nanoshells. ACS NANO 2014; 8:3088-96. [PMID: 24552660 DOI: 10.1021/nn500729r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured particles containing noble metals can have highly tunable localized surface plasmon resonances and are therefore of particular interest for numerous applications. Nanoshells comprising a dielectric core and gold or silver shell are a widely researched systems because of the strong dependence of their optical properties on the ratio of core diameter to shell thickness. Although seeded-growth procedures have been developed to produce these particles, the many reported studies show significant variation in the nanoshell morphologies and hence optical properties. In order to establish processes that reproducibly synthesize nanoshells with high optical quality, it is necessary to develop techniques that monitor changes at the core particle surface during shell growth. For that purpose, we have carried out in situ nonlinear second-harmonic scattering (SHS) and linear vis-NIR extinction spectroscopy simultaneously during the seeded growth of gold nanoshells on silica core particles. Our SHS measurements show a striking variation in the nonlinear optical properties of the growing gold nanoshells. In comparison with linear optical measurements and with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images made of gold nanoshells produced with varying shell completenesses, the SHS signal was observed to reach a peak intensity at a stage prior to shell closure. We attribute this high sensitivity of the SHS signal to the incomplete nanoshell surface morphology to the generation and subsequent degeneration of regions of electric field enhancement at gaps between isolated gold islands, which grow and coalesce. This conclusion is corroborated by finite-difference time-domain simulations of incomplete nanoshells. We suggest that the in situ analytical approach demonstrated here offers significant promise for future activities regarding the in-process optimization of the morphology and optical properties of metal nanoshells and other nanostructured plasmonic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sauerbeck
- Institute of Particle Technology (LFG), University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Cauerstrasse 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Zhao F, Zeng X, Li H, Guo J. Preparation of fluorinated polyacrylate composite latex with in situ generated nano-silica dispersion and film durability. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-013-0174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Synthesis and characterization of cationic fluorinated polyacrylate soap-free latexes with core-shell structure. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-012-0069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Xu W, An Q, Hao L, Sun Z, Zhao W. Synthesis and Properties of Cationic Fluorinated Polyacrylate Soap-Free Latex. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2013.784598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Huang XF, Ju FF, Wang MZ, Ge XW. Synthesis and Optical Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles in Submicron PS Hollow Reactors. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.1088/1674-0068/25/06/719-724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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An Q, Xu W, Hao L, Huang L. Cationic fluorinated polyacrylate core-shell latex with pendant long chain alkyl: Synthesis, film morphology, and its performance on cotton substrates. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hao L, An Q, Xu W, Huang L. Synthesis, film morphology and hydrophobicity of novel fluorinated polyacrylate emulsion and solution on silicon wafer. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Xu W, An Q, Hao L, Huang L. Synthesis, film morphology, and performance of cationic fluorinated polyacrylate emulsion with core-shell structure. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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