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Bae S, Kim DH, Kim SY. Constructing a Comprehensive Nanopattern Library through Morphological Transitions of Block Copolymer Surface Micelles via Direct Solvent Immersion. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311939. [PMID: 38461516 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
This study establishes a comprehensive library of nanopatterns achievable by a single block copolymer (BCP), ranging from spheres to complex structures like split micelles, flower-like clusters, toroids, disordered micelle arrays, and unspecified unique shapes. The ordinary nanostructures of polystyrene-b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP) surface micelles deposited on a SiOx surface undergo a unique morphology transformation when immersed directly in solvents. Investigating parameters such as immersion solvents, BCP molecular weight, substrate interactions, and temperature, this work reveals the influence of these parameters on the thermodynamics and kinetics governing the morphology transformation. Additionally, the practical application of BCP nanopattern templates for fabricating metal nanostructures through direct solvent immersion of surface micelles is demonstrated. This approach offers an efficient and effective method for producing diverse nanostructures, with the potential to be employed in nanolithography, catalysts, electronics, membranes, plasmonics, and photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokyoung Bae
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyup Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - So Youn Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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2
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He G, Wen G, Skandalis A, Pispas S, Liu D. Effects of ionic strength and ion-specificity on the interface behavior of PDMAEMA-b-PLMA-b-POEGMA triblock terpolymer. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Fractal Growth of Giant Amphiphiles in Langmuir-Blodgett Films. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2722-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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4
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Xu X, Shao Y, Wang W, Liu H, Zhang W, Yang S. Morphological Variation of an LB Film of Giant Amphiphiles Composed of Poly(ethylene oxide) and Hydrophobically Modified POSS. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:4294-4301. [PMID: 33797243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobically modified polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (XPOSS) are linked to one end of water-soluble poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) to synthesize giant amphiphiles (XPOSS-PEO). XPOSS-PEO exhibit an interesting surface activation capacity owing to the synergy of the soft PEO segment and hydrophobic XPOSS when they are spread on the water surface and compressed by the barrier. The monolayers of XPOSS-PEO at the air-water interface are transferred onto the silicon substrate at different surface pressures using the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film deposition protocol. The modification of the POSS head significantly changes the crystallinity of the PEO tail, which affects the LB film morphologies of the giant amphiphiles. When the POSS are modified with fluorinated agents, the assembled LB films show a fractal growth pattern, but when the POSS are decorated with a pure alkane chain, the fractal growth pattern does not present in the resulting LB film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Yu Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Weijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Shuguang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
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5
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Chen H, Wen G, Chrysostomou V, Pispas S, Li H, Sun Z. Effects of Ionic Strength and Ion Specificity on the Interface Behavior of Poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-Poly(lauryl methacrylate). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:2419-2425. [PMID: 33570943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ion specificity effect on the water solubility of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-containing copolymers complies with the Hofmeister series, which is applicable to other copolymers or not need to be explored. In this work, effects of ionic strength under acidic conditions and ion specificity under alkaline conditions on the air/water interface behavior of two amphiphilic diblock copolymers poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-poly(lauryl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA-PLMA) were systematically studied. Under acidic conditions, the surface pressure-area isotherms of a predominantly hydrophilic copolymer are insensitive to ionic strength. In contrast, the isotherms of a predominantly hydrophobic copolymer successively shift to the large, small, and large molecular area with the increase of ionic strength. Under alkaline conditions, the interfacial stretch degrees of PDMAEMA chains of two copolymers change with salt species and concentrations, which do not comply with the Hofmeister series. All of the Langmuir-Blodgett films of the former copolymer exhibit separate circular micelles. Nevertheless, those of the latter copolymer obtained under alkaline conditions exhibit various distinctive morphologies such as separate circular micelles, large separate PLMA cores within large PDMAEMA domains, and large PLMA domains/aggregates surrounded by short PDMAEMA shells. It can be attributed to the high deformability of PLMA chains, the ion specificity effect on the stretch degree of PDMAEMA blocks, and their underwater solubility upon compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Chen
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Gangyao Wen
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Varvara Chrysostomou
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Hongfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhaoyan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
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6
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Kim DH, Kim SY. Universal Interfacial Control through Polymeric Nanomosaic Coating for Block Copolymer Nanopatterning. ACS NANO 2020; 14:7140-7151. [PMID: 32469492 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The employment of self-assembly of soft materials has been accepted as an inexpensive, robust, and reliable patterning method. As their self-assembly relies on the delicate molecular interactions near the substrate, a precise prediction/control of the interface structure and dynamics is critical to achieve desired nanostructures. Herein, a polymeric nanomosaic (PNM) pattern is created from the air/water interfacial self-assembly of a block copolymer (BCP) and introduced as an effective interfacial energy control for substrates. As a demonstration, the PNM coating is employed to control the BCP film structures. The perpendicular orientation of BCP self-assembly, which requires neutral wetting conditions for both blocks, is difficult to achieve but can readily be obtained with the PNM coating upon a fine resolution of the pattern quality. The universal applicability of the PNM coating as an interfacial control has been confirmed on curved, flexible, and three-dimensional substrates. In addition, the PNM is introduced as an etching-free and reusable topcoat imparting free surface neutralization even for the high-χ BCP nanopatterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyup Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - So Youn Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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7
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Parsekian AW, Harris TAL. Scalable, Alternating Narrow Stripes of Polyvinyl Alcohol Support and Unmodified PEDOT:PSS with Maintained Conductivity Using a Single-Step Slot Die Coating Approach. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:3736-3745. [PMID: 31880906 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Slot die coating has been established as an economical approach for deposition of parallel narrow stripes, a constituent pattern feature in many printed device applications. However, the minimum feature size that can be achieved using this approach is constrained by wetting and liquid bridge phenomena at the deposition region. We hypothesize that pattern resolution and process control can be improved by co-depositing a support fluid to stabilize the pattern. Electrically conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is slot die-coated in parallel stripes on flexible poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrate, without wettability-enhancing dopants or substrate pretreatment. A miscible liquid phase, polyvinyl alcohol, is used as the support material. Feature size performance and conductivity of PEDOT:PSS stripe regions are evaluated across a range of process conditions. Narrow PEDOT:PSS stripes produced using our technique range from 400 to 850 μm and exhibit conductivity approaching 1.5 S cm-1. This electrical performance falls within the upper range expected prior to standard conductivity-enhancing post-treatments. Significantly, dewetting effects normally present with undoped PEDOT:PSS on the plastic substrate are fully mitigated with our deposition technique. These results indicate high ease of processing and good feature size performance, with few inherent drawbacks to the functional properties of the patterned films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ara W Parsekian
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , 801 Ferst Drive , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Tequila A L Harris
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , 801 Ferst Drive , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
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8
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Hood J, Van Gordon K, Thomson P, Coleman BR, Burns F, Moffitt MG. Structural hierarchy in blends of amphiphilic block copolymers self-assembled at the air-water interface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 556:392-400. [PMID: 31472313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We present a concurrent self-assembly strategy for patterning hierarchical polymeric surface features by depositing variable-composition blends of polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) and polybutadiene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PB-b-PEO) block copolymers at the air-water interface. Hierarchical strand networks of hydrophobic PS/PB blocks anchored via PEO blocks to the water surface, with an internal phase-separation structure consisting of periodic domains of PS blocks surrounded and connected by a matrix of PB blocks, are generated by the interplay of interfacial amphiphilic block copolymer aggregation and polymer/polymer phase separation. In contrast to the cylinder-in-strand structures previously formed by our group in which interfacial microphase separation between PS and PB blocks was constrained by chemical connectivity between the blocks, in the current system phase separation between PS and PB is not constrained by chemical connectivity and yet is confined laterally within surface features at the air-water interface. Investigations of multi-component polymer systems with different connectivities constraining repulsive and attractive interactions provides routes to new hierarchical surface patterns for a variety of applications, including photolithography masks, display technology, surface-guided cell growth and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Hood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Kyle Van Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Patricia Thomson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Brian R Coleman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Fraser Burns
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Matthew G Moffitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
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9
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You K, Wen G, Skandalis A, Pispas S, Yang S. Anion Specificity Effects on the Interfacial Aggregation Behavior of Poly(lauryl acrylate)- block-poly( N-isopropylacrylamide). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:9904-9911. [PMID: 31282165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation behavior of an amphiphilic diblock copolymer poly(lauryl acrylate)-block-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PLA-b-PNIPAM) on neutral aqueous subphases with different salt species and salt concentrations, as well as the structures of its Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films, were systematically studied. The presence of NaCl or Na2SO4 in subphases makes PNIPAM chains shrink on the water surface and reduce their solubility underwater. On the contrary, the presence of NaNO3 or NaSCN makes PNIPAM chains more stretched on water and increase their solubility underwater, whose stretch degree and solubility both increase with the increase of salt concentration. Solubility of PNIPAM chains in the above subphase solutions is ranked as NaSCN ≫ NaNO3 > pure H2O > NaCl ≈ Na2SO4, which is almost consistent with the Hofmeister series except for the latter two close cases. All the initial LB films of PLA-b-PNIPAM exhibit tiny isolated circular micelles. Upon compression, the LB films in the case of pure H2O exhibit the dense mixed structures of circular micelles and wormlike aggregates. The formation of wormlike aggregates is due to connection of some adjoining cores, which is less possible in other subphase cases because of the conformation difference of PNIPAM chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun You
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Material Science and Engineering , Harbin University of Science and Technology , 4 Linyuan Road , Harbin 150040 , PR China
| | - Gangyao Wen
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Material Science and Engineering , Harbin University of Science and Technology , 4 Linyuan Road , Harbin 150040 , PR China
| | - Athanasios Skandalis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute , National Hellenic Research Foundation , 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue , Athens 11635 , Greece
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute , National Hellenic Research Foundation , 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue , Athens 11635 , Greece
| | - Shicheng Yang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering, College of Material Science and Engineering , Harbin University of Science and Technology , 4 Linyuan Road , Harbin 150040 , PR China
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10
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11
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Li Z, Ma X, Zang D, Guan X, Zhu L, Liu J, Chen F. Interfacial rheology and aggregation behaviour of amphiphilic CBABC-type pentablock copolymers at the air–water interface: effects of block ratio and chain length. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08109b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The interfacial rheology, aggregation behaviour and packing model of the structure evolution of three amphiphilic CBABC-type pentablock copolymers were investigated at the air–water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi’an 710129
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi’an 710129
| | - Duyang Zang
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi’an 710129
| | - Xinghua Guan
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi’an 710129
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi’an 710129
| | - Jinshu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi’an 710129
| | - Fang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi’an 710129
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12
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Harirchian-Saei S, Wang MCP, Gates BD, Moffitt MG. Simultaneous patterning of two different types of nanoparticles into alternating domains of a striped array of a polymer blend in a single spin-casting step. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 433:123-132. [PMID: 25128863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A fast and convenient method is developed for simultaneously patterning inorganic nanoparticles with different optical, electronic or magnetic functionality to specific surface regions, by spin-casting onto microcontact printed substrates blend solutions in which the two nanoparticle types are functionalized with surface polymer brush layers of different surface energies. The process is based on phase separation of different nanoparticles based on their immiscible brush layers during spin-casting, with the underlying surface energy heterogeneity of the patterned substrate directing the different NP types to domains of different surface energies. Here, we specifically demonstrate the simultaneous localization of cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs), addressed with a surface layer of polystyrene (PS), and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), addressed with a surface layer of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), onto the non-polar and polar surface domains, respectively, of hydrophilic glass patterned with hydrophobic octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) stripe arrays with micron-scale periodicities. In order to prevent gelation of solvent-swollen polymer-brush coated NPs during spin casting, which effects strong kinetic constraints on phase separation and localization, PS, PMMA or PS/PMMA homopolymer blends of sufficiently high Mw were added to the NP blends to increase the free volume between approaching NPs. The process parameters were fine-tuned to obtain control over defects in the obtained patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Harirchian-Saei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Michael C P Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Byron D Gates
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Matthew G Moffitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada.
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13
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Sakuma M, Kumashiro Y, Nakayama M, Tanaka N, Umemura K, Yamato M, Okano T. Thermoresponsive Nanostructured Surfaces Generated by the Langmuir–Schaefer Method Are Suitable for Cell Sheet Fabrication. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:4160-7. [DOI: 10.1021/bm501187a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morito Sakuma
- Department
of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
- Institute
of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University (TWIns), 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kumashiro
- Institute
of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University (TWIns), 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Masamichi Nakayama
- Institute
of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University (TWIns), 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tanaka
- Institute
of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University (TWIns), 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Kazuo Umemura
- Department
of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamato
- Institute
of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University (TWIns), 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Teruo Okano
- Institute
of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University (TWIns), 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
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14
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Abstract
The ability to assemble NPs into ordered structures that are expected to yield collective physical or chemical properties has afforded new and exciting opportunities in the field of nanotechnology. Among the various configurations of nanoparticle assemblies, two-dimensional (2D) NP patterns and one-dimensional (1D) NP arrays on surfaces are regarded as the ideal assembly configurations for many technological devices, for example, solar cells, magnetic memory, switching devices, and sensing devices, due to their unique transport phenomena and the cooperative properties of NPs in assemblies. To realize the potential applications of NP assemblies, especially in nanodevice-related applications, certain key issues must still be resolved, for example, ordering and alignment, manipulating and positioning in nanodevices, and multicomponent or hierarchical structures of NP assemblies for device integration. Additionally, the assembly of NPs with high precision and high levels of integration and uniformity for devices with scaled-down dimensions has become a key and challenging issue. Two-dimensional NP patterns and 1D NP arrays are obtained using traditional lithography techniques (top-down strategies) or interfacial assembly techniques (bottom-up strategies). However, a formidable challenge that persists is the controllable assembly of NPs in desired locations over large areas with high precision and high levels of integration. The difficulty of this assembly is due to the low efficiency of small features over large areas in lithography techniques or the inevitable structural defects that occur during the assembly process. The combination of self-assembly strategies with existing nanofabrication techniques could potentially provide effective and distinctive solutions for fabricating NPs with precise position control and high resolution. Furthermore, the synergistic combination of spatially mediated interactions between nanoparticles and prestructures on surfaces may play an increasingly important role in the controllable assembly of NPs. In this Account, we summarize our approaches and progress in fabricating spatially confined assemblies of NPs that allow for the positioning of NPs with high resolution and considerable throughput. The spatially selective assembly of NPs at the desired location can be achieved by various mechanisms, such as, a controlled dewetting process, electrostatically mediated assembly of particles, and confined deposition and growth of NPs. Three nanofabrication techniques used to produce prepatterns on a substrate are summarized: the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) patterning technique, e-beam lithography (EBL), and nanoimprint lithography (NPL). The particle density, particle size, or interparticle distance in NP assemblies strongly depends on the geometric parameters of the template structure due to spatial confinement. In addition, with smart design template structures, multiplexed NPs can be assembled into a defined structure, thus demonstrating the structural and functional complexity required for highly integrated and multifunction applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jiang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Nan Lu
- State
Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Physikalisches
Institut, Westfaelische Wilhelms-Universitat Muenster, 48149, Muenster, Germany
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15
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Wang Z, Wen G, Zhao F, Huang C, Wang X, Shi T, Li H. Effect of selective solvent on the aggregate behavior of the mixed Langmuir monolayers of PS-b-PEO and PS-b-PMMA. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04161e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An interesting way to control morphology evolution in the mixed LB films was performed by mainly using a selective spreading solvent. Furthermore, a peculiar hysteresis phenomenon in the polymeric Langmuir monolayers is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Wang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin University of Science and Technology
- Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Gangyao Wen
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin University of Science and Technology
- Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Fengyang Zhao
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin University of Science and Technology
- Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Changchun Huang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin University of Science and Technology
- Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- Department of Polymer Materials and Engineering
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin University of Science and Technology
- Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Tongfei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Hongfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022, P. R. China
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16
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Sakuma M, Kumashiro Y, Nakayama M, Tanaka N, Umemura K, Yamato M, Okano T. Control of cell adhesion and detachment on Langmuir-Schaefer surface composed of dodecyl-terminated thermo-responsive polymers. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2013; 25:431-43. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2013.866761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Ariga K, Yamauchi Y, Mori T, Hill JP. 25th anniversary article: what can be done with the Langmuir-Blodgett method? Recent developments and its critical role in materials science. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:6477-512. [PMID: 24302266 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201302283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique is known as an elegant method for fabrication of well-defined layered structures with molecular level precision. Since its discovery the LB method has made an indispensable contribution to surface science, physical chemistry, materials chemistry and nanotechnology. However, recent trends in research might suggest the decline of the LB method as alternate methods for film fabrication such as layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly have emerged. Is LB film technology obsolete? This review is presented in order to challenge this preposterous question. In this review, we summarize recent research on LB and related methods including (i) advanced design for LB films, (ii) LB film as a medium for supramolecular chemistry, (iii) LB technique for nanofabrication and (iv) LB involving advanced nanomaterials. Finally, a comparison between LB and LbL techniques is made. The latter reveals the crucial role played by LB techniques in basic surface science, current advanced material sciences and nanotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) PRESTO & CREST, JST, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
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Li W, Xiao L, Gao Y, Yang D, Luo X, Li H. Self-Assembly of Colloidal Polymer Particles into Highly Ordered, Spoke Patterns by Evaporation. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2013.769258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Nanopatterning of substrates by self-assembly in supramolecular block copolymer monolayer films. Sci China Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-012-4776-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Harirchian-Saei S, Wang MCP, Gates BD, Moffitt MG. Directed polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) phase separation and nanoparticle ordering on transparent chemically patterned substrates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:10838-10848. [PMID: 22738388 DOI: 10.1021/la301298p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the surface-directed phase separation of spin-coated polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS/PMMA) blends on prepatterned octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS)-glass substrates under various experimental conditions. As a result of tandem processes of spinodal decomposition and selective wetting of polymer components during spin-coating, low-energy OTS stripes and high-energy glass surfaces laterally arrange the phase-separated polymers according to the chemical pattern on the substrate. Optimal pattern replication was achieved when the length scale of phase separation, controlled via the polymer concentration of the spin-coating solution, matched the smallest feature dimension in a striped chemical pattern possessing two alternating distances between stripes. It was also shown that polymer blend patterns were most closely registered with the underlying substrate when the PS/PMMA composition ratio (30/70, w/w) matched the areal fraction of OTS on the glass surface (∼30%). The influence of solvents demonstrated that a solvent with a relatively low volatility, such toluene, was required for patterning so that domain feature sizes were able to coarsen to the size of the patterned features before film vitrification. As well, we showed that the technique and optimized conditions developed in this study could be applied to pattern photoluminescent CdS quantum dots into microscale arrays of parallel lines via spin-coating onto transparent OTS-glass substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Harirchian-Saei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
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Glagola CP, Miceli LM, Milchak MA, Halle EH, Logan JL. Polystyrene-poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer: the effect of polystyrene and spreading concentration at the air/water interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:5048-5058. [PMID: 22339480 DOI: 10.1021/la204100d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-PEO) is an amphiphilic diblock copolymer that undergoes microphase separation when spread at the air/water interface, forming nanosized domains. In this study, we investigate the impact of PS by examining a series of PS-PEO samples containing constant PEO (~17,000 g·mol(-1)) and variable PS (from 3600 to 200,000 g·mol(-1)) through isothermal characterization and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The polymers separated into two categories: predominantly hydrophobic and predominantly hydrophilic with a weight percent of PEO of ~20% providing the boundary between the two. AFM results indicated that predominantly hydrophilic PS-PEO forms dots while more hydrophobic samples yield a mixture of dots and spaghetti with continent-like structures appearing at ~7% PEO or less. These structures reflect a blend of polymer spreading, entanglement, and vitrification as the solvent evaporates. Changing the spreading concentration provides insight into this process with higher concentrations representing earlier kinetic stages and lower concentrations demonstrating later ones. Comparison of isothermal results and AFM analysis shows how polymer behavior at the air/water interface correlates with the observed nanostructures. Understanding the impact of polymer composition and spreading concentration is significant in leading to greater control over the nanostructures obtained through PS-PEO self-assembly and their eventual application as polymer templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron P Glagola
- Department of Chemistry, Washington & Jefferson College, Washington, Pennsylvania 15301, United States
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Price EW, Harirchian-Saei S, Moffitt MG. Strands, networks, and continents from polystyrene dewetting at the air-water interface: implications for amphiphilic block copolymer self-assembly. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:1364-1372. [PMID: 21190349 DOI: 10.1021/la1040618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that nanoscale aggregates similar to those formed via amphiphilic block copolymer self-assembly at the air-water interface, including strands, networks, and continents, can be generated by the simple spreading of PS homopolymer solutions on water. Two different PS homopolymers of different molecular weight (PS-405k, M(n) = 405 000 g mol(-1) and PS-33k, M(n) = 33 000 g mol(-1)) are spread at the air-water interface at various spreading concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 3.0 mg/mL. Aggregate formation is driven by PS dewetting from water as the spreading solvent evaporates. We propose that a high spreading concentration or a high molecular weight lead to chain entanglements that restrict macromolecular mobility in the solution, enabling the kinetic trapping of nanostructures associated with early and intermediate stages of PS dewetting. Comparison of PS-405k with a mainly hydrophobic PS-b-PEO block copolymer of similar molecular weight (PSEO-392k, M(n) = 392 000 g mol(-1), 2.0 wt % PEO) allows the effect of a relatively short surface active block on aggregate formation to be investigated. We show that whereas the PEO block is not a required component for the formation of strands and other nonglobular aggregates, it does increase the number of these aggregates at a given spreading concentration and decreases the minimum spreading concentration at which these aggregates are observed, along with decreasing the dimensions and polydispersity of specific surface features. The results provide supporting evidence for the role of PS dewetting in the generation of multiple PS-b-PEO aggregate morphologies at the air-water interface, as originally described in earlier paper from our group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Price
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Yu Z, Wang CF, Chen S. Fabrication of quantum dot-based photonic materials from small to large via interfacial self-assembly. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm10281h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wang J, Ye L, Zhang AY, Feng ZG. Novel triblock copolymers comprising a polyrotaxane middle block flanked by PNIPAAm blocks showing both thermo- and solvent-response. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm02803g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Perepichka II, Badia A, Bazuin CG. Nanostrand formation of block copolymers at the air/water interface. ACS NANO 2010; 4:6825-6835. [PMID: 20979365 DOI: 10.1021/nn101318e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers consisting of a network of nanostrands have occasionally been reported in the literature, but are often coexistent with other morphologies, which is not useful for potential applications. With the use of PS-P4VP/PDP, a polystyrene-poly(4-vinyl pyridine) diblock copolymer of 12 mol % VP content mixed with 3-pentadecylphenol, it is shown that the disordered nanostrand network morphology can be obtained reproducibly and uniformly over large surface areas by spreading chloroform solutions of relatively high copolymer concentration. Use of a more slowly evaporating spreading solvent, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and a low subphase temperature, 8-9 °C, results in much more densely aligned nanostrands. Poorly spreading solvents such as nitrobenzene produce the well-known fingerprint pattern often observed in spin- or dip-coated thin films of block copolymers. A mechanism for nanostrand network formation is proposed that involves the momentary formation of a fingerprint morphology in spreading drops followed by its breakup at the level of the mobile P4VP/PDP stripes as spreading continues, leaving P4VP-anchored PS nanostrands floating on the water surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna I Perepichka
- Département de Chimie, Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Auto-Assemblés (CRMAA/CSACS), Université de Montréal, Montréal (QC), Canada H3C 3J7
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