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Taskin MB, Ahmad T, Wistlich L, Meinel L, Schmitz M, Rossi A, Groll J. Bioactive Electrospun Fibers: Fabrication Strategies and a Critical Review of Surface-Sensitive Characterization and Quantification. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11194-11237. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Berat Taskin
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Taufiq Ahmad
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Laura Wistlich
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Meinel
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry and Helmholtz Institute for RNA Based Infection Research, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitz
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Angela Rossi
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
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Belu AM, Graham DJ, Castner DG. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry: techniques and applications for the characterization of biomaterial surfaces. Biomaterials 2003; 24:3635-53. [PMID: 12818535 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(03)00159-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The surface of a biomaterial plays a critical role in the success of an implant. Much effort is currently being focused on controlling the chemistry at biomaterial surfaces to ensure favorable results in vivo. The successful tailoring of the surface chemistry will require a detailed surface characterization to verify that the desired changes have been made. This will include the ability to determine the composition, structure, orientation, and spatial distribution, of the molecules and chemical structures on the surface. TOF-SIMS is a powerful surface characterization technique that is able to address these requirements through both spectral analysis and direct chemical state imaging. The flexibility of the TOF-SIMS technique, and the wealth of data produced have generated much interest in its use for biomaterial characterization. This review discusses the strengths, weaknesses, and challenges of static TOF-SIMS for biomaterial surface characterization. First the basic principles of TOF-SIMS are introduced, giving an overview of the technique. Next, sample type, and other sample considerations are discussed. Then data interpretation is overviewed using examples from both spectral and imaging data. Finally, quantitative SIMS analysis is discussed and an outlook for TOF-SIMS analysis of biomaterials will be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Belu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National ESCA for Biomedical Problems, University of Washington, 98195-351750, Seattle, WA, USA
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Wang M, Zhang Q, Wooley KL. Silyl ether-coupled poly(epsilon-caprolactone)s with stepwise hydrolytic degradation profiles. Biomacromolecules 2003; 2:1206-13. [PMID: 11777394 DOI: 10.1021/bm010093s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Silyl ether-coupled poly(epsilon-caprolactone)s (PCLs) with stepwise degradation profiles were synthesized via the cross-dehydrocoupling polymerizations between 1,4-bis(dimethylsilyl)benzene (BDSB) and telechelic, diol-terminated PCL macromonomers. With the presence of 10 wt % palladium on activated carbon as the catalyst, the condensations between BDSB and diol-terminated PCL macromonomers having molecular weights of 1200, 2010, and 5500 g/mol were performed in toluene at 100 degrees C under argon. Hydrogen was eliminated as the condensate upon the formation of silyl ether bonds linking the PCL blocks, yielding within 24 h, silyl ether-coupled PCLs of molecular mass 7590, 29,900, and 29,500 g/mol, respectively. The characterization of each polymer included (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, and (29)Si NMR spectroscopies, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and differential scanning calorimetry. The hydrolytic degradation properties of the polymers in solution were studied, and the molecular weight reductions over time were monitored by SEC. The silyl ether linkages of the polymers underwent hydrolysis in the presence of mineral acids, whereas the PCL segments released from the cleavage of the labile silyl ether coupling unit did not undergo detectable molecular weight reduction over 15 days. In the presence of acetic acid, the silyl ether functionalities were cleaved with a half-life of 3 days; however, the PCL chain required reaction with trifluoroacetic acid to give a number-average molecular weight loss half-life of 4 days. The silyl ether-coupled PCLs underwent degradation in a gradient fashion, therefore, by a protocol that involved the addition of acetic acid for cleavage of the silyl ether functionalities, followed by further addition of trifluoroacetic acid to bring the hydrolysis of the silyl ether functionalities to completion and to trigger the degradation of PCL segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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Abstract
Recent and older literature (covering the last 12-13 years) in the field of mass spectra of random and block copolymers is reviewed. A detailed description is given of the information on copolymer properties that can be recovered from the analysis of the low-mass region of the spectrum (the region below 500 Da) and the high-mass region. The features of mass spectra of copolymers obtained by different synthetic routes are discussed, such as free radical, condensation, ring-chain equilibration, microbial synthesis, ring-opening, simple anionic, cationic, Ziegler-Natta, and/or metallocene catalysis, along with some random and block copolymers that occur in Nature. The emphasis is on copolymer composition and average molar mass determination, and on the benefits of coupling mass spectrometry (MS) with separation techniques such as size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio S Montaudo
- Instituto per la Chimica e la Tecnologia dei Materiali Polimerici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, viale A Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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Shard AG, Clarke S, Davies MC. Static SIMS analysis of random poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid). SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Vanden Eynde X, Reihs K, Bertrand P. Influence of Triad Sequences on the Secondary Ion Emission in Random Copolymers. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0014113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X. Vanden Eynde
- Université catholique de Louvain, Unité PCPM, Place Croix du Sud 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, and Bayer AG, Central Research, D-51369 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - K. Reihs
- Université catholique de Louvain, Unité PCPM, Place Croix du Sud 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, and Bayer AG, Central Research, D-51369 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - P. Bertrand
- Université catholique de Louvain, Unité PCPM, Place Croix du Sud 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, and Bayer AG, Central Research, D-51369 Leverkusen, Germany
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Wang M, Gan D, Wooley KL. Linear and Hyperbranched Poly(silyl ester)s: Synthesis via Cross-Dehydrocoupling-Based Polymerization, Hydrolytic Degradation Properties, and Morphological Analysis by Atomic Force Microscopy. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0100450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Daoji Gan
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
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Wang M, Weinberg JM, Wooley KL. Synthesis of Poly(silyl ester)s via AB Monomer Systems. Macromolecules 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ma991530m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | | | - Karen L. Wooley
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
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Leadley SR, Davies MC, Domb A, Nudelman R, Paul AJ, Beamson G. Analysis of the Surface Chemical Structure of Copolymers of Poly(sebacic anhydride) with Ricinoleic Acid Maleate Using XPS and ToF−SIMS. Macromolecules 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ma960981t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. R. Leadley
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K. The School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Hebrew University Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel 91120, CSMA Ltd., Armstrong House, Oxford Road, Manchester, M1 7ED, U.K., and RUSTI, Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, Cheshire, WA4 4AD, U.K
| | - M. C. Davies
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K. The School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Hebrew University Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel 91120, CSMA Ltd., Armstrong House, Oxford Road, Manchester, M1 7ED, U.K., and RUSTI, Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, Cheshire, WA4 4AD, U.K
| | - A. Domb
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K. The School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Hebrew University Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel 91120, CSMA Ltd., Armstrong House, Oxford Road, Manchester, M1 7ED, U.K., and RUSTI, Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, Cheshire, WA4 4AD, U.K
| | - R. Nudelman
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K. The School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Hebrew University Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel 91120, CSMA Ltd., Armstrong House, Oxford Road, Manchester, M1 7ED, U.K., and RUSTI, Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, Cheshire, WA4 4AD, U.K
| | - A. J. Paul
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K. The School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Hebrew University Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel 91120, CSMA Ltd., Armstrong House, Oxford Road, Manchester, M1 7ED, U.K., and RUSTI, Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, Cheshire, WA4 4AD, U.K
| | - G. Beamson
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K. The School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Hebrew University Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel 91120, CSMA Ltd., Armstrong House, Oxford Road, Manchester, M1 7ED, U.K., and RUSTI, Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington, Cheshire, WA4 4AD, U.K
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Wang M, Weinberg JM, Wooley KL. Synthesis, Characterization and Degradation of Poly(silyl ester)s. Macromolecules 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9808981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | | | - Karen L. Wooley
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
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11
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Weinberg JM, Gitto SP, Wooley KL. Synthesis and Characterization of Degradable Poly(silyl ester)s. Macromolecules 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ma971168g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen P. Gitto
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
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12
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Leadley SR, Davies MC, Ribeiro CC, Barbosa MA, Paul AJ, Watts JF. Investigation of the dissolution of the bioceramic hydroxyapatite in the presence of titanium ions using ToF-SIMS and XPS. Biomaterials 1997; 18:311-6. [PMID: 9068892 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(96)00134-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses have been used to investigate the dissolution of hydroxyapatite in the presence of titanium chloride suggesting the substitution of titanium ions for calcium in the hydroxyapatite structure. The surface analytical data suggest that titanium was incorporated within the solid phase as titanium phosphate. Comparison of relative ion intensities in the ToF-SIMS spectra reveals changes in the composition of the surface chemistry of hydroxyapatite. These relative ion intensities show that the maximum surface uptake of titanium occurred at a solution concentration of 500 ppm titanium chloride for a time of incubation of 30 min. These data correlate with that obtained using XPS highlighting the semi-quantitative information which ToF-SIMS can provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Leadley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
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Treverton JA, Paul AJ, Vickerman JC. Characterization of adhesive and coating constituents by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Part 1: Epoxy-terminated diglycidyl polyethers of bisphenol-A and propal-2-ol. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.740200519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Leggett GJ, Vickerman JC. An empirical model for ion formation from polymer surfaces during analysis by secondary ion mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1176(92)87021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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