1
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Roncaselli LKM, Silva EA, Braunger ML, Ramanitra HH, Stephen M, Citolino LVL, Fernandes JD, Simõis AVS, Constantino CJL, Agostini DLS, Bégué D, Hiorns RC, Olivati CA. Influence of solvents on the morphology of Langmuir and Langmuir-Schaefer films of PCBM and PCBM-based oligomers and polymers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:12442-12456. [PMID: 35575028 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05408b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fullerene-based polymers and oligomers combined with non-fullerene acceptors show extremely high efficiencies in organic photovoltaic devices. Furthermore, fullerene-based materials are of interest for use in anti-cancer and anti-viral treatments, where their presence can enhance the efficacy of medication considerably. Therefore, it remains important to understand their morphology and electronic properties to improve devices and technological applications. The main goal of this study is to prepare and characterize Langmuir and Langmuir-Schaefer films of PCBM-based materials to investigate the influence of different solvents such as chloroform, toluene, and xylene, and co-components on their morphology. PCBM-based materials were thus studied either alone or in mixtures with a polythiophene derivative (poly(3-hexythiophene), P3HT) commonly used in organic photovoltaic devices. The formation of Langmuir films was studied using surface pressure isotherms and Brewster's angle microscopy (BAM), where the homogeneity, phase behavior, and morphology of the films were investigated. In addition, Langmuir-Schaefer films were characterized by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Raman spectroscopy, providing information on the morphology of the solid films. This study has shown that it is possible to successfully fabricate Langmuir and Langmuir-Schaefer films of PCBM and PCBM-based oligomers and polymers, both pure and in mixtures with P3HT, to compare their organization, roughness, and optical properties. With the Langmuir films, it was possible to estimate the area of the molecules and visualize their aggregation through BAM images, establishing a relationship between the area occupied by these materials and the solvent used. All characterization techniques corroborate that the use of chloroform significantly reduced the roughness of the LS films mixed with P3HT and also presented a higher ordering compared to films prepared with xylene solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas K M Roncaselli
- School of Technology and Applied Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, 19060-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Edilene A Silva
- CERI EE/IMT Nord Europe (École nationale supérieure des Mines-Télécom de Nord Europe), France
| | - Maria Luisa Braunger
- School of Technology and Applied Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, 19060-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Hasina H Ramanitra
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, Pau, France.
| | - Meera Stephen
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, Pau, France.
| | - Lucas V L Citolino
- School of Technology and Applied Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, 19060-900, SP, Brazil
| | - José D Fernandes
- School of Technology and Applied Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, 19060-900, SP, Brazil
| | - André V S Simõis
- School of Technology and Applied Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, 19060-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos J L Constantino
- School of Technology and Applied Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, 19060-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Deuber Lincon Silva Agostini
- School of Technology and Applied Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, 19060-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Didier Bégué
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, Pau, France.
| | - Roger C Hiorns
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, Pau, France.
| | - Clarissa A Olivati
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Science Analytiques et Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux, Pau, France.
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2
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Vallan L, Istif E, Gómez IJ, Alegret N, Mantione D. Thiophene-Based Trimers and Their Bioapplications: An Overview. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1977. [PMID: 34208624 PMCID: PMC8234281 DOI: 10.3390/polym13121977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Certainly, the success of polythiophenes is due in the first place to their outstanding electronic properties and superior processability. Nevertheless, there are additional reasons that contribute to arouse the scientific interest around these materials. Among these, the large variety of chemical modifications that is possible to perform on the thiophene ring is a precious aspect. In particular, a turning point was marked by the diffusion of synthetic strategies for the preparation of terthiophenes: the vast richness of approaches today available for the easy customization of these structures allows the finetuning of their chemical, physical, and optical properties. Therefore, terthiophene derivatives have become an extremely versatile class of compounds both for direct application or for the preparation of electronic functional polymers. Moreover, their biocompatibility and ease of functionalization make them appealing for biology and medical research, as it testifies to the blossoming of studies in these fields in which they are involved. It is thus with the willingness to guide the reader through all the possibilities offered by these structures that this review elucidates the synthetic methods and describes the full chemical variety of terthiophenes and their derivatives. In the final part, an in-depth presentation of their numerous bioapplications intends to provide a complete picture of the state of the art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Vallan
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO—UMR 5629), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, CNRS F, 33607 Pessac, France;
| | - Emin Istif
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
| | - I. Jénnifer Gómez
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Nuria Alegret
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Daniele Mantione
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sarıyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
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3
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Swaroop TR, Tabasi ZA, Zhao Y, Georghiou PE. New Aryl-Substituted 2,2′-Bithiophenes: Synthesis, Optoelectronic Properties and DFT Studies. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toreshettahally R. Swaroop
- Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry; University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, Karnataka; India - 570 006
- Department of Chemistry; Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador; CANADA A1B 3X7
| | - Zahra A. Tabasi
- Department of Chemistry; Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador; CANADA A1B 3X7
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Chemistry; Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador; CANADA A1B 3X7
| | - Paris E. Georghiou
- Department of Chemistry; Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador; CANADA A1B 3X7
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4
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Oh S, Yang M, Bouffard J, Hong S, Park SJ. Air-Liquid Interfacial Self-Assembly of Non-Amphiphilic Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Homopolymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:12865-12871. [PMID: 28337903 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate that the self-assembly of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) at the air-water interface can lead to free-standing films of densely packed P3HT nanowires. Interfacial self-assembly on various liquid subphases, such as water, diethylene glycol, and glycerol, indicates that the viscosity of the subphase is an important factor for the formation of well-ordered nanostructures. The thin-film morphology is also sensitive to the concentration of P3HT, its molecular weight (MW), and the presence of oxidative defects. The densely packed nanowire films can be easily transferred to solid substrates for device applications. The ultrathin films of P3HT prepared by the interfacial assembly showed significantly higher hole mobility (∼3.6 × 10-2 cm2/V s) in a field-effect transistor than comparably thin spin-cast films. This work demonstrates that the air-liquid interfacial assembly is not limited to amphiphilic polymers and can, under optimized conditions, be applied to fabricate ultrathin films of widely used conjugated polymers with controlled morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saejin Oh
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University , 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Myungjae Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Jean Bouffard
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University , 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Seunghun Hong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - So-Jung Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University , 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
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Miao K, Chae GJ, Wu X, Shu Q, Zhu X, Sun B, Fan J, Cho S. Diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymer with a semi-fluorinated side chain for high-performance organic thin-film transistors. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05318a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A semi-fluorinated DPP based polymer showed hole mobility about 3 times higher than did its non-fluorinated analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangjian Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Gil Jo Chae
- Department of Physics and EHSRC
- University of Ulsan
- Ulsan 680-749
- Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoxue Wu
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- 100081 Beijing
- China
| | - Qinghai Shu
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- 100081 Beijing
- China
| | - Xin Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Bangjin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Jian Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Shinuk Cho
- Department of Physics and EHSRC
- University of Ulsan
- Ulsan 680-749
- Republic of Korea
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6
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Fei Z, Boufflet P, Wood S, Wade J, Moriarty J, Gann E, Ratcliff EL, McNeill CR, Sirringhaus H, Kim JS, Heeney M. Influence of Backbone Fluorination in Regioregular Poly(3-alkyl-4-fluoro)thiophenes. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:6866-79. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b02785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuping Fei
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Rd, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Pierre Boufflet
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Rd, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Sebastian Wood
- Department
of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Rd, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Jessica Wade
- Department
of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Rd, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - John Moriarty
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Eliot Gann
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn
Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Erin L. Ratcliff
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Christopher R. McNeill
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K
| | - Ji-Seon Kim
- Department
of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Rd, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Rd, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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7
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Jeong HG, Lim B, Khim D, Han M, Lee J, Kim J, Yun JM, Cho K, Park JW, Kim DY. A novel thermally reversible soluble-insoluble conjugated polymer with semi-fluorinated alkyl chains: enhanced transistor performance by fluorophobic self-organization and orthogonal hydrophobic patterning. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:6416-6422. [PMID: 23996587 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201301337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
SFA-PQT exhibits self-assembly via a fluorophobic effect in a non-fluorous solvent, which leads to an enhanced electrical performance. Ambipolar transistors and inverters with p- and n- type bilayers are enabled by the unique thermally reversible soluble-insoluble properties of SFA-PQT. More importantly, the hydrophobicity of SFA-PQT facilitates orthogonal hydrophobic patterning and a patterned inverter exhibits low voltage dissipation, a narrow transition zone, a high gain value, and negligible hysteresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Gu Jeong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea
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8
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Mattu JS, Leach GW. Large Scale Crystallinity in Kinetically Stable Polythiophene-Based Langmuir−Blodgett Films. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:3204-10. [DOI: 10.1021/ja910390g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jusroop S. Mattu
- Department of Chemistry, 4D LABS, and Laboratory for Advanced Spectroscopy and Imaging Research, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Gary W. Leach
- Department of Chemistry, 4D LABS, and Laboratory for Advanced Spectroscopy and Imaging Research, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
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9
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Leclerc M, Najari A, Beaupré S. 2008 Macromolecular Science and Engineering Division Award Lecture — Conjugated polymers: From micro-electronics to genomics. CAN J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1139/v09-086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers have received a lot of attention, since they combine the best features of metals or semiconductors with those of synthetic polymers. For instance, solar cells based on poly(2,7-carbazole) derivatives have revealed power-conversion efficiencies up to 6%. This class of materials could lead to printable and flexible photovoltaic devices. Moreover, water-soluble luminescent polythiophenes have allowed the specific, rapid, and ultra-sensitive detection of unlabelled DNA, RNA, or proteins. This new optical detection mechanism is based on electrostatic interactions between a cationic polythiophene derivative and negatively charged oligonucleotides. This method makes now possible the rapid assessment of the identity of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), genes, and pathogens without the need for nucleic acid amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Leclerc
- Canada Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Ahmed Najari
- Canada Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Serge Beaupré
- Canada Research Chair on Electroactive and Photoactive Polymers, Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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10
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Darmanin T, Nicolas M, Guittard F. Synthesis and properties of perfluorinated conjugated polymers based on polyethylenedioxythiophene, polypyrrole, and polyfluorene. Toward surfaces with special wettabilities. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:9739-9746. [PMID: 18597505 DOI: 10.1021/la801040z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical deposition of organic materials is a convenient and straightforward method that affords rough films in mild conditions. The presence of fluorinated chains covalently attached on the polymer backbone allows the control of the second criterion which plays a role on the wetting properties of the surface, that is, the chemical composition. By modification of the nature of the polymer, films with different surface energies were obtained. Thus, original semifluorinated polypyrrole (PPy- RF n ), polyfluorene (PFl- RF n ), and polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT- RF n ) have been chemically and electrochemically synthesized and characterized. On one hand, the chemical polymerization affords highly fluorinated soluble polymers. Soluble PFl- RF n exhibits blue fluorescence in solution while soluble PEDOT- RF n presents optical properties similar to those of PEDOT. Consequently, they represent interesting candidates for optical devices (OLEDs for PFl- RF n , electrochromic materials for PEDOT- RF n ). On the other hand, surface properties have been investigated on the electroformed polymers by goniometry and microscopy. Fluorinated surfaces of electrodeposited polypyrrole, like polythiophene, give birth to high hydrophobic and oleophobic surfaces, while the use of polyethylenedioxythiophene as the polymer increases sufficiently the surface energy to get combined superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity. The influence of the chemical composition is discussed through the comparison of the wetting properties of polyethylenedioxythiophene and semifluorinated polythiophene and polyethylenedioxythiophene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Darmanin
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, FR 3037, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France.
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11
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Wang B, Watt S, Hong M, Domercq B, Sun R, Kippelen B, Collard DM. Synthesis, Properties, and Tunable Supramolecular Architecture of Regioregular Poly(3-alkylthiophene)s with Alternating Alkyl and Semifluoroalkyl Substituents. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma702408h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0250
| | - Shannon Watt
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0250
| | - Michael Hong
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0250
| | - Benoit Domercq
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0250
| | - Ranbel Sun
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0250
| | - Bernard Kippelen
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0250
| | - David M. Collard
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0250
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12
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Nicolas M, Guittard F, Géribaldi S. Synthesis and properties of new fluorinated ester, thioester, and amide substituted polythiophenes. Towards superhydrophobic surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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13
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Babudri F, Farinola GM, Naso F, Ragni R. Fluorinated organic materials for electronic and optoelectronic applications: the role of the fluorine atom. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:1003-22. [PMID: 17325792 DOI: 10.1039/b611336b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 551] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this article we highlight, by means of selected examples drawn from work performed in our or other laboratories, the features of some classes of fluorinated conjugated materials and their use in electronic devices such as electroluminescent diodes or field effect transistors. A variety of fluorinated conjugated systems, either molecular or polymeric, such as poly(phenylenevinylene)s, poly(phenyleneethynylene)s, polythiophenes, polyphenylenes, are dealt with. Attention is also focused on a different class of electroluminescent compounds, represented by the cyclometalated iridium complexes with various forms (mer and fac). In particular, fluorine atoms lower both the HOMO and LUMO energy levels. Consequently, the electron injection is made easier, the materials display a greater resistance against the degradative oxidation processes and organic n-type or ambipolar semiconducting materials may result. Moreover, the C-H...F interactions play an important role in the solid state supramolecular organization, originating a typical pi-stack arrangement which enhances the charge carrier mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Babudri
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi, via Orabona, 4 I-70126 Bari, Italy
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14
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Wang X, Yang K, Ye H, Wang Y, Lee JS, Sandman DJ. Methods for the Preparation of Micro‐ and Nanocrystals of Urethane‐Substituted Polydiacetylenes. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10601320600996197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- a Center for Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts Lowell , Lowell, MA
| | - Ke Yang
- a Center for Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts Lowell , Lowell, MA
| | - Hong Ye
- b The MathWorks, Inc. , Natick, MA
| | - Yanping Wang
- a Center for Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts Lowell , Lowell, MA
| | - Jun S. Lee
- a Center for Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts Lowell , Lowell, MA
| | - Daniel J. Sandman
- a Center for Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts Lowell , Lowell, MA
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15
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Ie Y, Umemoto Y, Kaneda T, Aso Y. Electronegative Oligothiophenes Based on a Hexafluorocyclopentene-Annelated Thiophene Unit. Org Lett 2006; 8:5381-4. [PMID: 17078723 DOI: 10.1021/ol062238j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[Structure: see text] The synthesis of hexafluorocyclopenta[c]thiophene and its based oligothiophenes is described. The effectiveness of a hexafluorocyclopentene unit to lower the LUMO level without disturbing the effective conjugation could be unambiguously clarified by spectroscopic measurements and X-ray analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Ie
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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16
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Ho HA, Béra-Abérem M, Leclerc M. Optical sensors based on hybrid DNA/conjugated polymer complexes. Chemistry 2006; 11:1718-24. [PMID: 15565742 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200400537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Single-stranded DNA (ss-DNA) can specifically bind to various targets, including a complementary ss-DNA, ions, proteins, drugs, and so forth. When binding takes place, the oligonucleotide probe often undergoes a conformational transition. This conformational change of the negatively charged ss-DNA can be detected by using a water-soluble, cationic polythiophene derivative, which transduces the complex formation into an optical (colorimetric or fluorometric) signal without any labeling of the probe or the target. This simple and rapid methodology has enabled the specific and sensitive detection of nucleic acids and human thrombin. This new biophotonic tool can easily be applied to the detection of various other biomolecules and is also useful in the high-throughput screening of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang-Anh Ho
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1K 7P4, Canada
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17
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Nicolas M, Guittard F, Géribaldi S. Stable superhydrophobic and lipophobic conjugated polymers films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2006; 22:3081-8. [PMID: 16548561 DOI: 10.1021/la053055t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
With a view to developing repellent materials combining both low surface energy and rough structure, original semi-fluorinated polythiophenes have been chemically and electrochemically synthesized and characterized by cyclic voltammetry, GPC, and UV-visible measurements. Polymer films have been deposited onto different substrates by drop casting a soluble polymer fraction on glass plate or by electrodeposition on ITO plate. Surface properties and particularly water and oil repellencies have been investigated by goniometry and correlated with the surface morphology and structure observed by SEM. The incorporation of fluorocarbon chains in the rigid polythiophene backbone yields very low surface free energy materials. Moreover, the way of deposition has a huge influence on the quality and performance of the film surface properties. Electroformed polymers, due to rough surfaces, exhibit great super-hydrophobic and lipophobic properties together with exceptional time stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mael Nicolas
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Organiques et Métalliques, EA 3155, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France.
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Nicolas M, Guittard F, Géribaldi S. Synthesis of Stable Super Water- and Oil-Repellent Polythiophene Films. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200503892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Nicolas M, Guittard F, Géribaldi S. Synthesis of Stable Super Water- and Oil-Repellent Polythiophene Films. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:2251-4. [PMID: 16506255 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200503892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mael Nicolas
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Organiques et Métalliques, EA 3155, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
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Kim Y, Bouffard J, Kooi SE, Swager TM. Highly Emissive Conjugated Polymer Excimers. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:13726-31. [PMID: 16190739 DOI: 10.1021/ja053893+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers often display a decrease of fluorescence efficiency upon aggregation due in large part to enhanced interpolymer interactions that produce weakly emissive species generally described as having excimer-like character. We have found that poly(phenylene ethynylene)s with fused pendant [2.2.2] ring structures having alkene bridges substituted with two ester groups function to give highly emissive, broad, and red-shifted emission spectra in the solid state. To best understand the origin of this new solid-state emissive species, we have performed photophysical studies of a series of different materials in solution, spin-coated thin films, solid solutions, and Langmuir films. We conclude that the new, red-shifted, emissive species originate from excimers produced by interchain interactions being mediated by the particular [2.2.2] ring system employed. The ability to design structures that can reliably produce highly emissive conjugated polymer excimers offers new opportunities in the emission tailoring of electroluminescence and sensory devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Thomas S, Zhang C, Sun SS. Synthesis and characterization of a new acceptor (n-type) fluorinated and terminal-functionalized polythiophene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.20877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zuo L, Qing FL, Meng WD, Huang X, Zhang S, Wu Q. Synthesis and characterization of perfluorohexylated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). J Fluor Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2004.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Facchetti A, Yoon MH, Stern CL, Hutchison GR, Ratner MA, Marks TJ. Building Blocks for N-Type Molecular and Polymeric Electronics. Perfluoroalkyl- versus Alkyl-Functionalized Oligothiophenes (nTs; n = 2−6). Systematic Synthesis, Spectroscopy, Electrochemistry, and Solid-State Organization. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:13480-501. [PMID: 15479105 DOI: 10.1021/ja048988a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, comparative physicochemical properties, and solid-state structures of five oligothiophene (nT) series differing in substituent nature and attachment, regiochemistry, and oligothiophene core length (n) are described. These five series include the following 25 compounds: (i) alpha,omega-diperfluorohexyl-nTs 1 (DFH-nTs, n = 2-6), (ii) beta,beta'-diperfluorohexyl-nTs 2 (isoDFH-nTs, n = 2-6), (iii) alpha,omega-dihexyl-nTs 3 (DH-nTs, n = 2-6), (iv) beta,beta'-dihexyl-nTs 4 (isoDH-nTs, n = 2-6), and (v) unsubstituted oligothiophenes 5 (alphanTs, n = 2-6). All new compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. To probe and address quantitatively how the chemistry and regiochemistry of conjugated core substitution affects molecular and solid-state properties, the entire 1-5 series was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and optical absorption and emission spectroscopies. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data for several fluorocarbon-substituted oligomers are also presented and compared. The combined analysis of these data indicates that fluorocarbon-substituted nT molecules strongly interact in the condensed state, with unit cell level phase separation between the aromatic core and fluorocarbon chains. Surprisingly, despite these strong intermolecular interactions, high solid-state fluorescence efficiencies are exhibited by the fluorinated derivatives. Insight into the solution molecular geometries and conformational behavior are obtained from analysis of optical and variable-temperature NMR spectra. Finally, cyclic voltammetry data offer a reliable picture of frontier MO energies, which, in combination with DFT computations, provide key information on relationships between oligothiophene substituent effects and electronic response properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
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Dı́az P, Doménech A, Garcı́a-España E, Soriano C. Synthesis, acid–base behaviour, co-ordination and electrochemistry studies on new open-chain bithiophene receptors. Polyhedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(02)00974-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Facchetti A, Deng Y, Wang A, Koide Y, Sirringhaus H, Marks TJ, Friend RH. Tuning the Semiconducting Properties of Sexithiophene by alpha,omega-Substitution-alpha,omega-Diperfluorohexylsexithiophene: The First n-Type Sexithiophene for Thin-Film Transistors We thank DARPA (N00421-98-1187) and the NSF-MRSEC program through the Northwestern Materials Research Center (DMR-9632472) for support of this research. H.S. thanks the Royal Society for a University Research Fellowship (URF). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000; 39:4547-4551. [PMID: 11169666 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20001215)39:24<4547::aid-anie4547>3.0.co;2-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208-3113 (USA)
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Facchetti A, Deng Y, Wang A, Koide Y, Sirringhaus H, Marks TJ, Friend RH. Tuning the Semiconducting Properties of Sexithiophene byα,ω-Substitution—α,ω-Diperfluorohexylsexithiophene: The First n-Type Sexithiophene for Thin-Film Transistors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20001215)112:24<4721::aid-ange4721>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Chen ZK, Wang LH, Kang ET, Lai YH, Huang W. Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Green Photoluminescent Silicon-Containing Poly(p-phenylenevinylene). BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1999. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.72.1941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Hong X, Tyson JC, Middlecoff JS, Collard DM. Synthesis and Oxidative Polymerization of Semifluoroalkyl-Substituted Thiophenes. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9900030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Hong
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Polymer Education and Research Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400
| | - J. Cameron Tyson
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Polymer Education and Research Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400
| | - Jennifer S. Middlecoff
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Polymer Education and Research Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400
| | - David M. Collard
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Polymer Education and Research Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400
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Belletête M, Di Cèsare N, Leclerc M, Durocher G. Semiempirical determination of torsional potentials and electronic properties of bithiophene, terthiophene and 3′,4′-dihexyl-2,2′:5′,2″-terthiophene in their ground and first excited singlet and triplet electronic states. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(96)04796-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Di Césare N, Belletête M, Raymond F, Leclerc M, Durocher G. Conformational and Spectroscopic Analysis of Selected 2,2‘-Bithiophene Derivatives. J Phys Chem A 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp961997o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Di Césare
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal C. P. 6128, Succ. A, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Michel Belletête
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal C. P. 6128, Succ. A, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - François Raymond
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal C. P. 6128, Succ. A, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Mario Leclerc
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal C. P. 6128, Succ. A, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Gilles Durocher
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal C. P. 6128, Succ. A, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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Conformational analysis and electronic properties of bithiophene and terthiophene in their ground state as well as in their first excited singlet and triplet states. Chem Phys Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(95)01444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lévesque I, Leclerc M. Ionochromic and Thermochromic Phenomena in a Regioregular Polythiophene Derivative Bearing Oligo(oxyethylene) Side Chains. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS 1996; 8:2843-2849. [DOI: 10.1021/cm960373s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Lévesque
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Mario Leclerc
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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