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Liu P, Zhu Y, Lee SH, Yun M. Two-dimensional polyaniline nanostructure to the development of microfluidic integrated flexible biosensors for biomarker detection. Biomed Microdevices 2017; 18:113. [PMID: 27909898 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-016-0142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report a flexible field-effect-transistor (FET) biosensor design based on two-dimensional (2-D) polyaniline (PANI) nanostructure. The flexible biosensor devices were fabricated through a facile and inexpensive method that combines top-down and bottom-up processes. The chemically synthesized PANI nanostructure showed excellent p-type semiconductor properties as well as good compatibility with flexible design. With the 2-D PANI nanostructure being as thin as 80 nm and its extremely large surface-area-to-volume (SA/V) ratio due to the intrinsic properties of PANI chemical synthesis, the developed flexible biosensor exhibited outstanding sensing performance in detecting B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) biomarkers, and was able to achieve high specificity (averagely 112 folds) with the limit of detection as low as 100 pg/mL. PANI nanostructure under bending condition was also investigated and showed controllable conductance changes being less than 20% with good restorability which may open up the possibility for wearable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Yisi Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The college of engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Seung Hee Lee
- Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-786, Korea.
| | - Minhee Yun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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Yang G, Liu Y, Hou W, Ji H, Li Y. Preparation and electrochemical studies of layered PANI/HNb3O8nanocomposite. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Conducting polyaniline film from aqueous dispersion: Crystallizable side chain forced lamellar structure for high conductivity. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wu CG, Chiang CH, Jeng US. Phenol Assisted Deaggregation of Polyaniline Chains: Simple Route to High Quality Polyaniline Film. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:6772-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp800932y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Guey Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Jhong-Li, Taiwan 32001, ROC, and National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Jhong-Li, Taiwan 32001, ROC, and National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - U-Ser Jeng
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Jhong-Li, Taiwan 32001, ROC, and National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
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Reddy KR, Lee KP, Gopalan AI, Showkat AM. Synthesis and properties of magnetite/poly (aniline-co-8-amino-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid) (SPAN) nanocomposites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Effect of Morphology on the Response of Polyaniline-based Conductometric Gas Sensors: Nanofibers vs. Thin Films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1149/1.1795053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Li ZF, Ruckenstein E. Grafting of poly(ethylene oxide) to the surface of polyaniline films through a chlorosulfonation method and the biocompatibility of the modified films. J Colloid Interface Sci 2004; 269:62-71. [PMID: 14651896 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9797(03)00606-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) could be grafted on the surface of polyaniline (PANI) films by chlorosulfonating the films with chlorosulfonic acid followed by reacting the modified films with PEO in a pyridine solution. The modified PANI films were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and water droplet contact angles. The surface of the PEO grafted to hydrophobic PANI films became hydrophilic and the amounts of bovine serum albumin and human blood plasma platelet adsorbed onto it were decreased by more than 80%. For comparison purposes, and because the water wetting angle can be used as a measure of biocompatibility, wetting angle experiments have been also carried out for Pluronic triblock copolymer grafted to PANI and PEO or Pluronic molecules entrapped on the surfaces of PANI films. PANI was selected as substrate because one can easily change its surface properties by PEO grafting and because being conductive can be used as a sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z F Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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Li ZF, Ruckenstein E. Two liquid adsorptive entrapment of a pluronic polymer into the surface of polyaniline films. J Colloid Interface Sci 2003; 264:370-7. [PMID: 16256653 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9797(03)00442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2003] [Accepted: 04/14/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pluronic triblock copolymers were entrapped on the surface of polyaniline (PANI) films by first immersing the latter in N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP) solutions of one of the Pluronics for a short time. This softened the surface of the films and allowed the Pluronic molecules to entangle with PANI segments of the swollen film on the surface. Further, the films were taken out from the NMP solution and dipped into water, which is a nonsolvent for PANI. The rapid surface deswelling of PANI by the water resulted in the entrapment of the Pluronic on its surface, with the hydrophilic blocks toward water and the hydrophobic block imbedded in the PANI films. The modified PANI obtained was examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, water droplets contact angles, scanning electron microscopy, and wide angle X-ray diffraction. The surface of the Pluronic entrapped PANI films became more hydrophilic than the hydrophobic PANI films and decreased the amount of bovine serum albumin protein adsorbed on them. This means that, by reducing the biofouling, the life of the modified polyaniline film can be extended when the latter is employed as a biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z F Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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Li ZF, Ruckenstein E. Improved surface properties of polyaniline films by blending with Pluronic polymers without the modification of the other characteristics. J Colloid Interface Sci 2003; 264:362-9. [PMID: 16256652 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9797(03)00315-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2003] [Accepted: 02/27/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Films of conductive polyaniline and amphiphilic Pluronic (P105) copolymer blends were prepared by dissolving the two polymers in N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP) followed by a slow solvent evaporation at 55 degrees C. The characteristics of both doped and undoped films were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water droplet contact angles, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetry analysis (TG), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), and tensile strength measurements. The surface of the blends became more hydrophilic than that of the hydrophobic PANI film, but the other properties of the blends did not change appreciably for Pluronic content lower than 50 wt%. Compared to PANI films, the more hydrophilic surfaces decreased the amount of bovine serum albumin protein adsorbed. By preventing biofouling, the polyaniline-Pluronic blends can become more useful as biosensors than the polyaniline films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z F Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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Wang HL, Romero RJ, Mattes BR, Zhu Y, Winokur MJ. Effect of processing conditions on the properties of high molecular weight conductive polyaniline fiber. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0488(20000101)38:1<194::aid-polb22>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Liu F, Neoh K, Kang E, Li S, Han H, Tan K. Effects of crosslinking on polyaniline films’ doping behavior and degradation under weathering. POLYMER 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(98)00758-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Parkhutik VP, Matveeva E. Effects of Molecular Doping by Hydroquinones on Morphology and Optical Properties of Polyaniline. J Phys Chem B 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp972471m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vitali P. Parkhutik
- Argonne National Laboratory, MSD-223, South Cass Avenue 9700, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Eugenia Matveeva
- Department of Applied Thermodynamics, Technical University of Valencia, Cami de Vera s/n, 46071 Valencia, Spain
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